I-tuna yaseTropical iqondiswe, i-Bloom ikhononda ngokukhwabanisa okusobala kwemikhumbi yaseFrance

I-Tuna // Ukukhishwa kwabezindaba nguBloom - Ngomhla zingama-31 kuNhlaba, I-BLOOM futhi  IBlue Marine Foundation bafake isikhalazo kuMshushisi Womphakathi eNkantolo yamaJaji yaseParis ngokumelene nayo yonke imikhumbi engama-21 yemikhumbi yokudoba i-tuna yasezindaweni ezishisayo ebhaliswe eFrance, ngokucisha i-AIS yabo ngokungemthetho. (Isistimu Yokuhlonza Okuzenzakalelayo) ama-beacons wendawo.

Imikhumbi ye-tuna yaseFrance yephula umthetho

Ukucisha ithuluzi le-geolocation kuvinjelwe umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, waseYurophu kanye nowezwe. Ngokukhethekile, ngaphandle kwabadobi abadobela ukuziphilisa, yonke imikhumbi kufanele ikhanyise amabhakhoni ayo e-AIS ngaso sonke isikhathi, olwandle nasethekwini.(1) Imikhumbi ye-tuna yasezindaweni ezishisayo yaseFrance ngokwesilinganiso ingaphezu kwamamitha angu-80 ubude futhi yonke - ngaphandle kokukhetha - yephula umthetho: phakathi komhlaka-1 Januwari 2021 no-25 Ephreli 2023, le mikhumbi yacisha amabhakhoni ayo 37% kuya ku-72% wesikhathi.(2) 

Ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukwazi ukuthi le mikhumbi isebenza kuphi, ngezinye izikhathi amasonto ngesikhathi. Lokhu kubashiya bekhululekile ukudoba ezindaweni ezingavunyelwe, njengezindawo ezithile zezomnotho ezikhethekile noma izindawo ezivikelekile zasolwandle. 

Ngokufaka isikhalazo, i-BLOOM kanye neBlue Marine Foundation bafuna ukuqeda lesi simo esingamukeleki futhi bathole obala ngokugcwele mayelana nemisebenzi yokudoba yabanikazi bemikhumbi baseFrance.. Ukuziphatha okungekho emthethweni njengalezi akuzona i-marginal. Le mikhumbi engama-21 imele kuphela u-0.4% wemikhumbi yaseFrance kodwa ithatha cishe u-20% wezinhlanzi ezidotshwa minyaka yonke zezwe.(3) 

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imikhumbi ye-tuna yaseYurophu emanzini ase-Afrika ixhaswe ngemali eyizigidi eziyishumi nambili zama-euro ngonyaka ngaphansi kwezivumelwano zokudoba okuxoxwe ngazo yi-European Union. Le mikhumbi ibiphanga amanzi ase-Afrika ngokuthula okuphelele kwengqondo kusukela ekupheleni kwawo-1970.(4) 

Ngaphezu kwalokho Ukudoba kwe-tuna yaseYurophu kuncike cishe ikakhulukazi ekusetshenzisweni 'kwemishini yokuhlanganisa izinhlanzi' (ama-FADs). Ama-FAD ayizihlenga ezintantayo ezibangela ukufa kwezigidi ze-tuna engavuthiwe unyaka ngamunye, ezingalitholi ithuba lokuzala, kanye nezilwane ezisengozini neziyivelakancane njengezimfudu zasolwandle noshaka.(5) 

Ngesikhalo sethu, sidalula ukuthi, kanye nokucekela phansi izilwane zasolwandle, le mikhumbi yokudoba exhaswe kakhulu isebenza ngokungawuhloniphi umthetho..

Ukungajeziswa okuphelele kwabadobi be-tuna

Lesi sikhalazo sihambisana nombiko wethu othi “Amehlo avaliwe”(6) okhishwe ngomhla ka-6 Mashi 2023, lapho sigqamise khona isamba sikaHulumeni waseFrance. ukwehluleka ukuphoqelela imithethonqubo yemikhumbi ye-tuna. Lokhu kuntuleka kokuqondisa yingakho i-European Commission ivule inqubo yokwephula umthetho ngokumelene neFrance ngoJuni 2021, ngaphansi kwe-Control Regulation 1224/2009 “ukusungula uhlelo lokulawula loMphakathi lokuqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho Yenqubomgomo Yezokudoba Ezivamile”.(7) 

Namuhla, sinikeza ubufakazi obengeziwe bokungajeziswa okuphelele okujatshulelwa abadobi basezimbonini zaseYurophu: babukela phansi izifiso zemvelo zezinqubo zentando yeningi, bacekela phansi imvelo nomnotho wasogwini, banyathele umthetho, futhi abalokothi bathweswe icala abaphathi abahlanganyela ezenzweni zabo ezimbi..

Uchungechunge lwamahlazo adalulwe nguBLOOM

Lezi zambulo ezintsha - ezisekelwe ekuhlaziyweni kwedatha ecishe ibe yizigidi ezine enikezwe inkampani i-Spire Global(8) - ayinakuphikiswa futhi yengeza ohlwini olude lokungaziphathi kahle okwenziwa imikhumbi yezokudoba ye-tuna yase-Europe.

Kusukela ngoNovemba 2022, sembule amahlazo amaningi, agqamisa amandla amangalisayo ezithakazelo zebhizinisi laseFrance nelaseSpain kanye nabalingani babo bezepolitiki ukucekela phansi impilo, isimo sezulu kanye nentando yeningi.: 

1. Ngomhla ziyi-14 kuNovemba 2022, i-BLOOM ne-ANTICOR yaxwayisa udaba lokudluliswa kwemali phakathi kwezinkampani zikahulumeni nezizimele obekudala ukungqubuzana okucacile kwezintshisekelo emkhakheni wokudoba i-tuna.(9) Udaba lwadluliselwa eHhovisi Lomshushisi Wezezimali Likazwelonke (PNF), elavula i- uphenyo lokutholwa kwenzuzo ngokungemthetho ngomhlaka-2 Disemba 2022, olusaqhubeka futhi esinikeze isitatimende ngakho;(10) 
2. Ngesikhathi lapho uhlaka lulonke lokulawula imikhumbi yokudoba luphinde luxoxiswane ezingeni laseYurophu, Injongo yalesi sici icacile: ukuthola ushintsho olushaqisayo 'emaphethelweni okubekezelelana', okuzokwenza ukuthi imboni yokudoba i-tuna yaseYurophu ikhulise kakhulu izinhlanzi zayo ezibambile ngokusemthethweni futhi yenze kube semthethweni iminyaka yokubamba izinhlanzi ngokungemthetho kanye nokubalekela intela;
3. Ngo-2015, iFrance yavumela ngempela imikhumbi yayo ye-tuna, eyivumela ukuthi yeqe 'i-margin of tolerance' elawulayo, yingakho. I-European Commission ivule amacala okuphula umthetho ngokumelene neFrance. Naphezu kweminqamulajuqu isidlulile isikhathi eside kanye nezikhumbuzo zethu eziphindaphindiwe, i-European Commission iyenqaba, okwamanje, ukuqhubeka nokuletha icala ngokumelene neFrance phambi kweNkantolo Yezobulungiswa Ye-European Union. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-BLOOM isinxuse uMkhandlu Wombuso ukuba uchithe isekhula;(11) 
4. Izinqubo zokwephula umthetho ezaqalwa yiKhomishini YaseYurophu nazo zabangelwa ukwehluleka kweFrance ukuqapha imikhumbi yayo ye-tuna. Ngomhla ziyisi-6 kuNdasa, sashicilela incwadi Ukuhlaziya okungakaze kubonwe okukhombisa ukuthi uhulumeni waseFrance ubengazibekile izinhloso zokulawula ezibambekayo zokudoba i-tuna ngo-2022 nango-2023.. Ukulandela umbono omuhle ovela kwabakwa Amadokhumenti e-Commission d'accès aux administratifs (Ikhomishana yokufinyelela kumadokhumenti okuphatha), sayisa icala eNkantolo Yokuphatha YaseParis ukuze sifune ukuthi izinto zibe sobala futhi sayala abaphathi base-France ukuthi basinikeze idatha yemikhumbi ye-tuna yama-French (izindawo zesathelayithi, idatha yokuqapha, njll.);(12) 
5. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu kulandelana kwemithethonqubo ezingeni laseYurophu, okunye ukulandelana kwezombusazwe, kulokhu olwandle lwase-Indian, kugqamise ubuzenzisi be-European Union emanzini ase-Afrika, lapho ukuvikela, ngazo zonke izindleko, imikhuba elimazayo yedlanzana lezinkampani zaseFrance neSpanishi, ngokungqubuzana okuphelele nokuvulwa kwecala lokuphula umthetho ngokumelene neFrance.;(13) 
6. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi komhlangano obalulekile we-Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) owawuseMombasa (Kenya) kusukela mhla zi-3 kuya kumhla ziyisi-5 kuNhlolanja, i-BLOOM yashicilela umbiko. umbiko oshaqisayo ogqamisa umthelela wabagqugquzeli phakathi kwezithunywa ezisemthethweni ze-European Union phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili yezingxoxo nge-tuna yasezindaweni ezishisayo e-Afrika., phakathi kuka-2002 no-2022. "I-EU ngaphansi kokubusa kwe-tuna lobbies" igqamisa, okokuqala nakudatha, ukubusa okwedlulele kwezindawo zokusebenzela ezimbonini ezisezinhliziyweni zokumelwa komphakathi;(14) 
7. Nakuba isinqumo esiyingqophamlando samukelwe yi-IOTC, esungula ukuvinjelwa kwaminyaka yonke kwezinsuku ezingama-72 'kumadivayisi ahlanganisa izinhlanzi' (ama-FAD), siveze ukuthi I-European Commission izame konke ukucekela phansi izingxoxo. Basabisa iKenya, inqola emlandweni wokulwa nama-FAD, ngokuhoxiswa kosizo lwentuthuko uma beqhubeka nokufuna imingcele ejezisa abadobi baseYurophu. Umbiko wethu othi “Ukuhlanganisa amadada” uchaza indlela izithakazelo zezimboni zaseFrance nezaseSpain ezalandela ngayo izintambo zazo zezombangazwe;(15)  
8. Ngomhla ziyi-11 kuMbasa 2023, i-European Commission yafaka ngokusemthethweni ukuphikisa kwayo kunobhala we-IOTC ukuze isinqumo singasebenzi emikhunjini yayo,(16) futhi ezinsukwini ezintathu kamuva, iFrance - enesihlalo esengeziwe ku-IOTC ngenxa ye-'Iles yayo. I-Éparses' (iziqhingi ezimbalwa ezingahlali muntu e-Mozambique Channel) - yenza okufanayo.(17) Kuze kube manje, Kufakwe izikhalo eziyisishiyagalombili, kulandela ukugqugquzelwa okungapheli kweKhomishini YaseYurophu kanye nezindawo zokusebenzela ze-tuna. Isinqumo sisebenza kuphela emikhunjini emine ephethwe ngabaseYurophu kwengamashumi amahlanu noma ngaphezulu esebenzayo endaweni. Inhloso ilula: ukufinyelela ukuphikisa okuyi-11, umkhawulo ongavumela ukuthi isinqumo sikhanselwe ngokuphelele;
9. Ku-11 May 2023,  I-BLOOM ifake izicelo ezimbili ku-European Commission kanye ne-French Directorate-General for Maritime Affairs, Fisheries and Aquaculture (DGAMPA) ukuze icele ukuhoxiswa kwalezi zikhalazo eziyichilo..(18) Uma lezi zicelo ezingahlelekile bezinganqatshwa, singagodla ilungelo lokufaka izikhalazo ezinengxabano, neNkantolo Yezobulungiswa Ye-European Union kanye Ibhodi lombuso ukuze kuhoxiswe lezi zikhalazo.

Ubulungisa njengokuphela komkhathizwe… wobulungisa!

Kuwo wonke lo mkhankaso asitholanga lutho ngaphandle kweminyango evaliwe mayelana nabaholi bezepolitiki. Ngesaba ukuchaza lesi simo esibi: i-French Permanent Representation ayikaze ithole isikhathi sokusamukela; okufanayo nakuKhomishana WaseYurophu Wezemvelo, Izilwandle Nezokudoba, u-Virginijus Sinkevicius, kanye noMqondisi-Jikelele wakhe u-Charlina Vitcheva., naphezu kokufunwa izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Ngakho-ke sibeke amathemba ethu kubulungiswa ukuze kuqedwe okuhlukile okujatshulelwa abadobi be-tuna, emaphutheni omthetho kanye nomthetho.

Ubumpumputhe bamabomu bohulumeni kanye Izikhungo zaseYurophu ezenzweni ezimbi zosozimboni abambalwa kuholele ekutheni siphinde sithathe izinyathelo zomthetho. Ngokubika ngokushabalala okusabalele kwamabhakhoni e-AIS yimikhumbi ye-tuna yaseFrance, siqhubeka nokulwa nale mikhuba engekho emthethweni kanye nokungajeziswa okungakaze kubonwe okujatshulelwa abadobi basezimbonini.

Ngesikhathi lapho izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ziyawohloka futhi ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kuyindaba ephuthumayo, sekuyisikhathi sokuthi Amazwe Angamalungu kanye nezikhungo zaseYurophu ziqale ukuvikela izithakazelo zomphakathi kanye nezimpahla ezivamile, kunokuba zicele ukuthi kunqanyulwe izithiyo zemvelo..

NgoLwesibili zingama-30 kuNhlaba wezi-2023, uMkhandlu we-European Union kanye nePhalamende LaseYurophu bavumelana, ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu yezingxoxo nezichibiyelo, ngokubuyekezwa koMthethonqubo Wokulawula osukela ku-2009.(19) 

Kusukela olwazini oluncane esilutholile, ngeshwa kukhona ukungabaza okuncane kokuthi imikhumbi ye-tuna yaseFrance neyaseSpain yaneliseke ngokugcwele, futhi izambulo zethu zakamuva zibonisa ngokusobala ukuthi i-France isavumela umkhumbi wayo we-tuna wasezindaweni ezishisayo ukuba zenze ngokuthanda kwawo, ngaphandle kwemingcele. . Sikhuthaza iKhomishini YaseYurophu ukuthi iqunge isibindi sokuyisa iFrance eNkantolo Yobulungisa YaseYurophu ngaphandle kokubambezeleka okwengeziwe. Ukwamukela imithethonqubo akwanele; kumele zisetshenziswe. 

IZINDAWO ZOLWAZI

(1) Izinhlinzeko eziphathelene nezinhlelo zokuhlonza umkhumbi ezizenzakalelayo zibekwe kumthethonqubo V/19 weNgqungquthela Yamazwe Ngamazwe Yokuphepha Kokuphila Olwandle ka-1974, eyaziwa ngokuthi “i-SOLAS Convention”, yona ngokwayo engezelelwe yimithethonqubo yeNhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Olwandle. , ikakhulukazi isigaba 22 seSinqumo A.1106 (29). Lezi zinhlinzeko ziphinde zahlanganiswa ezingeni le-European Union. I-Article 10 ye-European Regulation 1224/2009 ithi: “Ngokuvumelana ne-Annex II Ingxenye I point 3 ye-Directive 2002/59/EC, umkhumbi wokudoba owedlula amamitha angu-15 ubude uzofakwa futhi ugcine lapho usebenza ukukhomba okuzenzakalelayo. uhlelo oluhlangabezana namazinga okusebenza adwetshwe yiNhlangano Yamazwe Ngamazwe Ngasolwandle ngokwesahluko V, Umthethonqubo 19, isigaba 2.4.5 seNgqungquthela ye-SOLAS ka-1974”.

(2) Ngomkhumbi ngamunye waseFrance, sihlonze phakathi kwe-20 ne-61 ye-AIS ye-beacon yokuqothulwa kwamahora angaphezu kwama-48, ingqikithi yezinsuku ezingu-308 kuya kwezingu-591.

(3) Idatha eshicilelwe iKomidi Lezesayensi, Lobuchwepheshe Nezomnotho Lezokudoba (STECF) emibikweni yalo yaminyaka yonke yemikhumbi yokudoba yaseYurophu. Itholakala e-: https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/bba413d1-484c-11ed-92ed-01aa75ed71a1. 

(4) Bona uhlu kanye nenani lezivumelwano zamanje ku: https://oceans-and-fisheries.ec.europa.eu/fisheries/international-agreements/sustainable-fisheries-partnership-agreements-sfpas_en. 

(5) Bheka isifundo sethu esitholakala ku: https://bloomassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/tuna-war-games.pdf.  

(6) Kutholakala ku: https://bloomassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/eyes-wide-shut.pdf. 

(7) Kutholakala ku: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2009:343:0001:0050:fr:PDF. 

(8) I-Spire Global ingumholi womhlaba ekulandeleleni umkhumbi ngesathelayithi. Idatha yabo isetshenziswa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, yi-Global Fishing Watch platform (https://globalfishingwatch.org). 

(9) https://www.bloomassociation.org/en/conflicts-of-interest-and-environmental-destruction-bloom-and-anticor-sound-the-alarm/. 

(10) https://bloomassociation.org/conflit-dinterets-dans-la-peche-thoniere-le-parquet-national-financier-ouvre-une-enquete/. 

(11) Bheka isifundo sethu esitholakala ku: https://bloomassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/eyes-wide-shut.pdf. 

(12) https://www.bloomassociation.org/en/bloom-sues-the-french-state-supportive-of-environmental-destruction-in-the-indian-ocean/. 

(13) Bheka izifundo zethu, ezitholakala ku- https://bloomassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Lining-up-the-ducks_EN.pdf futhi https://bloomassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/tuna-war-games.pdf.  

(14) Bheka isifundo sethu, esitholakala ku- https://bloomassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/Les-lobbies-thoniers-font-la-loi.pdf. 

(15) Bheka isifundo sethu, esitholakala ku- https://bloomassociation.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/The-EU-under-the-rule-of-tuna-lobbies.pdf.

(16) Kutholakala ku: https://iotc.org/sites/default/files/documents/2023/04/Circular_2023-26_-_Communication_from_the_European_UnionE.pdf.

(17) Kutholakala ku: https://iotc.org/sites/default/files/documents/2023/04/Circular_2023-28_-_Communication_from_FranceOTE.pdf.

(18) https://www.bloomassociation.org/en/appeal-iotc-objections/. 

(19) https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2023/05/31/council-strikes-deal-on-new-rules-to-combat-overfishing.