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Isibonelo, i I-Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative yethulwa ngo-2002 ukuze kube lula ukudalulwa kokuzithandela ngohulumeni kanye namafemu abanikazi abazuzisayo bezinkampani ezikhishwayo. Ngokudabukisayo, lolu hlelo luqondise kuphela izinsiza zikawoyela, igesi nezimbiwa phansi, njengoba ukudoba kwe-IUU kunganakwa.
Khonamanjalo, i-Fisheries Transparency Initiative (FiTI) igqamisa imizamo yokwandisa ukubeka izinto obala mayelana nobunikazi obuzuzisayo, ihlanganisa ukubaluleka kobunikazi obuzuzisayo Ezingeni layo, elichaza ulwazi iziphathimandla zikazwelonke okufanele zilushicilele ku-inthanethi mayelana nemikhakha yazo yezokudoba. Izifundazwe eziningi zisayine ku-FiTI Standard. Njengezwe lokuqala ukubika ngezibopho zalo, ngo-2020 i-Seychelles yaphasisa umthetho (uMthetho Wobunikazi Benzuzo 2020) odinga ukugcinwa kwamarejista akamuva abanikazi abazuzayo, nerejista emaphakathi yabanikazi abazuzayo ekhona ngo-2021. Nokho. Imizamo efana ne-FiTI ibhekene nezinkinga eziningi, hhayi okungenani ezithathwe yinani elilinganiselwe lamazwe kuze kube manje kanye neqiniso lokuthi icela kuphela amazwe ukuthi abike ngenqubekelaphambili yawo ekuqaliseni amarejista obunikazi azuzisa umphakathi, kunokuba akwenze kube imfuneko yokwamukela Okujwayelekile.
Isinyathelo esivela ku-Financial Action Task Force (FATF) - ingqalasizinda yobugebengu bezezimali emhlabeni wonke - nayo ihamba kancane. Ngo-2020, i-FATF yagqamisa izindlela zokuthi ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwamagobolondo nezinkampani zangaphambili ivumela ukungeniswa nokuthekelisa ngaphandle kwemikhiqizo yezilwane zasendle ezisengozini yokushabalala. Ngemva konyaka, I-FATF yandise ukugxila kwayo kusukela ekuhwebeni ngezilwane zasendle okungekho emthethweni (i-IWT) kuya ezingozini zokushushumbiswa kwemali okuhlobene nokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungemthetho, izimayini ezingekho emthethweni kanye nokushushumbiswa kwemfucuza. Kodwa ngokudumazayo, FATF has waqhubeka waziba IUU ukudoba kuze kube manje.
Uma kungekho ukunakwa okukhokhwe yi-FATF kulolu daba, ngo-2022, i- I-Asia-Pacific Group on Money Laundering (APG) ifake isahluko embikweni wayo we-typology mayelana nomkhakha wezezimali ongekho emthethweni wokudoba i-IUU, ihlinzeka ngezibonelo kanye nokuhlaziya okugcizelela isimo sezimboni sodaba. Ezinye izindikimba zesifunda zesitayela se-FATF, nokho, azikaphenduleli ukugxila kwazo ekudobeni kwe-IUU. Bahlulekile ukulandela isibonelo se-APG naphezu kobufakazi obucacile bokuthi asikho isidingo sokulinda i-FATF ngokwayo - ikakhulukazi uma imithelela yendaba efana nokudoba kwe-IUU ikhathaza kakhulu amalungu (ngokuvamile e-Global South). izici ezinomthelela ekuhambeni kwezimali okungekho emthethweni, njengoba kufakwe ku-SDG target 16.4.1.
Ngokujabulisayo, i- I-G7 Communiqué yoNgqongqoshe Besimo Sezulu Nezemvelo ekhishwe ngoMeyi 2021 yemukele 'izingxoxo zoNgqongqoshe Bezezimali zokuqinisa ubunikazi obala obuzuzisayo ukuze kubhekwane kangcono nokugeleza kwezimali okungekho emthethweni okuvela ku-IWT nezinye izinsongo ezingekho emthethweni emvelweni'. Nokho, futhi, ukudoba kwe-IUU akuzange kuqanjwe igama ngokuqondile. Lokhu kwenzeka naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amazwe e-G7 ayingxenye enkulu yemakethe yezilwane zasolwandle emhlabeni wonke, kanti lokhu kushiywa kukhombisa isifiso esilinganiselwe sezepolitiki sokubhekana nale nkinga.
Khonamanjalo, ukuthambekela okubanzi maqondana nenqubekela phambili ekukhanyeni kobunikazi obuzuzisayo kungase kube nomthelela ongemuhle emkhakheni wezokudoba. Ngokuphawulekayo, ngoNovemba 2022, iNkantolo Yezobulungiswa ye-EU yagunyaza a ebusa lokho kuzomisa inqubekelaphambili ngokwenza izinhlinzeko ezingavumelekile ze-EU's Anti-Money Laundering Directive evumela ukufinyelela komphakathi kumarejista anemininingwane yabanikazi abazuzayo. Nakuba sinobubanzi obubanzi kakhulu kunobunikazi obuzuzisayo emkhakheni wezokudoba, lesi sinqumo singase sibukele phansi inqubekelaphambili kule ndawo.
Ukungafihli Kwezezimali Kumele Kubekwe Eqhulwini
Ngokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ukwandisa ukungezwani kwezombusazwe ezindaweni zokudoba ezifundeni ezithile kanye nokwenza izinguquko emaphethini okuhlangana phakathi kokudoba kwe-IUU nobunye ubugebengu, lokhu kwehluleka ukwenza izinto ngokusobala kanye nezimfihlo zezezimali okuvumela ukudoba kwe-IUU kufanele kuxazululwe. Lokhu kuyaphuthuma kakhulu uma kubhekwa ukuthi ukudoba kwe-IUU kuncike kakhulu ohlelweni lwezezimali olusemthethweni, okwenza kube lula kakhulu ekuthatheni izinyathelo ezihlangene umphakathi omelene nobugebengu bezezimali. Uma kubhekwa lokho okusengcupheni kanye nesidingo sezivimbelo ezisebenzayo, ukubeka obala kwezezimali manje kufanele kubekwe emnyombweni wemizamo yokubhekana nokudoba kwe-IUU.
