I-HRWF (10.07.2023) - NgoJuni 26, i-Federal Observatory on Cults (CIAOSN/IACSSO), eyaziwa ngokusemthethweni ngokuthi “Isikhungo Solwazi Nezeluleko Ezinhlanganweni Zamasiko Eziyingozi” futhi idalwe yi- umthetho wangoJuni 2, 1998 (ichitshiyelwe umthetho ka-April 12, 2004), yanyathelisa inani “Izincomo ezimayelana nosizo lwezisulu zethonya lehlelo".
Kulo mbhalo, i-Observatory iveza ukuthi inhloso yayo “ukulwa nemikhuba engekho emthethweni yamahlelo”.
Imikhuba engekho emthethweni yamahlelo
Okokuqala, kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi umqondo we "cult" (i-secte ngesiFulentshi) ayiyona ingxenye yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Noma yiliphi iqembu lezenkolo, elingokomoya, lefilosofi, elikholelwa kuNkulunkulu noma elingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, nanoma yiliphi ilungu lalo, lingafaka isikhalazo ngezinsolo zokwephulwa kwenkululeko yenkolo noma yenkolelo. Abaningi baye bakwenza lokhu ngempumelelo emazweni aseYurophu, kuhlanganise naseNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu ngesisekelo seSiphakamiso 9 soMthetho-sisekelo WaseYurophu:
“Wonke umuntu unelungelo lenkululeko yokucabanga, kanembeza neyenkolo; leli lungelo lihlanganisa inkululeko yokuguqula inkolo noma izinkolelo nenkululeko yakhe, eyedwa noma ehlangene nabanye futhi esidlangalaleni noma ngasese, ukuze abonise inkolo noma izinkolelo zakhe, ekukhulekeleni, ekufundiseni nasekuyigcineni.”
Okwesibili, amahlelo awakwazi ukubonwa ngokomthetho. Ukushicilelwa kohlu lwamaqembu asolwayo angama-189 axhunywe ku Umbiko wephalamende laseBelgium ngamahlelo ngo-1998 yagxekwa kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi ngokusetshenziswa kwayo izinsimbi ezicwasayo, ikakhulukazi kodwa hhayi abezindaba kuphela. Ekugcineni kwaqashelwa ukuthi yayingenalo inani elingokomthetho futhi yayingeke isetshenziswe njengencwadi engokomthetho ezinkantolo.
Okwesithathu, iNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu muva nje ikhiphe isinqumo ecaleni lika Tonchev nabanye v. Bulgaria yango-December 13, 2022 (Nr 56862/15), ephikisa abaVangeli esifundeni saseBulgaria mayelana nokusakazwa kwencwajana eyisixwayiso yiziphathimandla zomphakathi ngamahlelo ayingozi, kuhlanganise nenkolo yawo. Ikakhulukazi, iNkantolo yamemezela:
53 (…) INkantolo ibheka ukuthi amagama asetshenziswe encwadini eyisiyingi nolwazi lolwazi lwango-April 9, 2008 - olwaluchaza izimo ezithile zenkolo, kuhlanganise ne-Evangelicalism, izinhlangano zabafake izicelo eziyingxenye yazo, “njengamahlelo enkolo ayingozi” “aphambene nesiBulgaria. umthetho, amalungelo ezakhamizi kanye nokuhleleka komphakathi” futhi imihlangano yayo ichaya ababambiqhaza babo “ekuphazamisekeni kwengqondo” (isigaba 5 ngenhla) – ngempela kungathathwa njengokuhlambalazayo kanye nenzondo. (…)
Kulezi zimo, futhi ngisho noma izinyathelo okukhalwa ngazo zingalikhawuleli ngokuqondile ilungelo labefundisi abafake isicelo noma abasonta nabo ukuze babonise inkolo yabo ngokukhulekela nangokwenza, iNkantolo ibheka, ngokuvumelana nomthetho wayo oshiwo ngenhla. (isigaba 52 ngenhla), ukuthi lezi zinyathelo kungenzeka zibe nemiphumela engemihle ekusebenziseni kwamalungu amasonto maqondana nenkululeko yawo yenkolo.
Isinqumo seNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu ecaleni lika Tonchev nabanye v. Bulgaria yango-December 13, 2022 (Nr 56862/15)
Isigaba 52 sesinqumo sibala amanye amacala anjengokuthi “Leela Förderkreis eV and Others v. Germany"Futhi"Centre of Societies for Krishna Consciousness in Russia and Frolov v. Russia", lapho ukusetshenziswa kwegama elihlambalazayo elithi "ihlelo" lachithwa yiNkantolo YaseYurophu futhi manje lisebenza njengomthetho wecala. Bheka futhi ukuphawula ngesinqumo seNkantolo YaseYurophu sika-Massimo Introvigne in Ubusika obukhulu ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “INkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu: Ohulumeni akufanele babize izinkolo ezincane ngokuthi 'amahlelo'. "
Ngakho-ke umgomo osemthethweni weBelgian Cult Observatory uphikisana kakhulu futhi ngokusobala neNkantolo YaseYurophu ekucwaseni lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “izinhlangano zamahlelo eziyingozi,” ukwakheka okusobala okudelelayo.
Ukusebenzisa amagama ayiziswana aqondise ongqingili, ama-Afrika nanoma yimaphi amanye amaqembu abantu kwenqatshelwe ngumthetho. Akufanele ihluke ngamaqembu enkolo noma izinkolelo.
Okokugcina: Ubani, kanjani futhi ngokwaziphi izindlela “zokulimaza” “izinhlangano zamahlelo eziyingozi” ezingabonakala ngokomthetho?
Igunya le-Observatory nalo liyangqubuzana.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umgomo wayo uwukulwa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “imikhuba engekho emthethweni” yamahlelo, ngakho-ke okumelwe ifaneleke kanjalo ngokwahlulela kokugcina hhayi ngaphambili.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, umgomo wayo futhi “ukulwa nezinhlangano zenkolo eziyingozi”, ezingenziwa ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isinqumo sokwahlulela mayelana namaqembu okufanele aqondiswe kuwo. Ukungathathi-hlangothi kombuso kusengozini enkulu lapha, ikakhulukazi njengoba “amahlelo” amaningi noma amalungu awo enqobe amacala amaningi eStrasbourg ngokumelene nezifunda zaseYurophu ngesisekelo seSigaba 9 soMthetho-sisekelo WaseYurophu esivikela inkululeko yenkolo noma yezinkolelo.
Umsebenzi weBelgian Cult Observatory usengozini yesikhalazo eStrasbourg
Lezi zingxenye zomsebenzi we-Observatory zingase zingamelani nesikhalazo eNkantolo YaseYurophu.
Ngempela, akufanele sikhohlwe umphumela omangalisayo wokubambisa isikhalo samuva “esivamile” esiphathelene nentela ebandlululayo esifakwe eStrasbourg yibandla lendawo lenhlangano yoFakazi BakaJehova, eliphathwa njengehlelo iBelgian Cult Observatory kanye neziphathimandla zeSifundazwe saseBelgium. INkantolo YaseYurophu yabe isigxeka ngokuphelele ukuntuleka okuphelele kwanoma yisiphi isisekelo esingokomthetho sokuqashelwa kombuso kwamaqembu enkolo nefilosofi, okwakungeyona ingxenye yesikhalazo, futhi yacela iBelgium ukuba ihambisane nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Ngomhla zi-5 kuMbasa 2022, ecaleni Ibandla LoFakazi BakaJehova E-Anderlecht Nabanye v. Belgium (isicelo esingunombolo 20165/20) mayelana nodaba olubandlululayo lokukhokhiswa intela koFakazi BakaJehova, INkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu yabanjwa, ngazwi linye, ukuthi bekukhona:
“Ukwephulwa kweSiphakamiso 14 (ukwenqatshelwa kokucwasa) esifundwe kanye neSiphakamiso 9 (inkululeko yokucabanga, kanembeza neyenkolo) soMthetho-sisekelo WaseYurophu Wamalungelo Abantu.”
Iphinde yabamba, ngazwilinye, ukuthi iBelgium yayizokhokhela inhlangano yabafake izicelo ama-euro angu-5,000 (EUR) mayelana nezindleko nezindleko.
INkantolo nayo yakuphawula lokho noma imibandela yokuqashelwa noma inqubo eholela ekuqashelweni kokholo yiziphathimandla zikahulumeni ayizange ibekwe entweni eyanelisa izimfuneko zokufinyeleleka nokubonwa kusengaphambili, okwakukhona emcabangweni womthetho.
I-Belgium manje isibeke iqembu elisebenzayo ukuze libuyekeze i-posteriori yokuqashelwa kombuso kwezinhlangano zenkolo nezefilosofi. IBelgium kufanele iyilindele kangcono enye inkinga ephathelene nenqubomgomo yehlelo layo futhi ilandele isibonelo saseSwitzerland nayo Isikhungo Solwazi Ngezinkolelo (CIC).
