Ukunyakaza kobuciko kumake izinguquko ezibalulekile endleleni amaciko abheke ngayo ubuhle, isihloko, namasu kuwo wonke umlando. Ukunyakaza ngakunye kuthonywe abandulele futhi kuvule indlela yamathuba amasha obuciko. Phakathi kohlu olukhulu lomnyakazo wobuciko, i-Impressionism nePop Art igqama njengokunyakaza okubili okubalulekile okulolonge inkambo yobuciko ngekhulu le-19 nelama-20. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola lezi zinyathelo ezimbili kanye nomthelela wazo emhlabeni wezobuciko.
I. Impressionism: Ukuthwebula ingqikithi yempilo edlulayo
I-Impressionism yavela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 eFrance njengendlela yokusabela ngokumelene nokuqina komdwebo wezemfundo wendabuko. Iholwa abaculi abafana noClaude Monet, uPierre-Auguste Renoir, no-Edgar Degas, i-Impressionism igxile ekuthwebuleni ingqikithi edlulayo yesikhashana kunemininingwane eqondile. Ukunyakaza bekufuna ukukhombisa imiphumela yokukhanya nombala, ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa ibhulashi elixegayo kanye nephalethi ephilayo.
Ama-Impressionists ahlukana nemikhawulo yestudiyo futhi aphumela ngaphandle ukuze abonise izifundo zesimanje. Bamukela izikhathi ezidlulayo, ngokuvamile bependa izindawo, izindawo zedolobha, nezigcawu zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukugcizelelwa kokuthwebula isipiliyoni esisheshayo kwanikeza imisebenzi yabo umuzwa wokuzenzakalelayo nobusha obungakaze bubonwe ngaphambili emhlabeni wezobuciko.
Kodwa-ke, i-Impressionism ibhekane nokuphikiswa okukhulu okuvela embonini yobuciko evamile, eyayigxeka ukuxubha okuxekethile kanye nokuntuleka kokunemba kwezemfundo. Naphezu kwalokhu kubuyela emuva kokuqala, i-Impressionism yasheshe yaqashelwa futhi yaba nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni wezobuciko. Ukugcizelela kwayo ukukhanya, umbala, nokuzenzekela kwavula indlela yobuciko besimanje, okuthonya ukunyakaza okufana ne-Post-Impressionism kanye ne-Fauvism.
II. I-Pop Art: Yamukela isiko elidumile kanye nokuthenga
Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, i-Pop Art yavela njengempendulo kubathengi kanye nomphakathi oqhutshwa yimithombo yezindaba yenkathi yangemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Iholwa abaculi abafana no-Andy Warhol, u-Roy Lichtenstein, no-Claes Oldenburg, i-Pop Art yabungaza isiko elidumile nezinto ezikhiqizwe ngobuningi zokuphila kwansuku zonke.
Abaculi be-Pop bamukele izithombe ezivela ezikhangisweni, ezincwadini zamahlaya, nezinto ezivamile. Babevame ukusebenzisa imibala egqamile, izici eziqinile zezithombe, nezindlela ezibolekwe ezinqubweni zokunyathelisa zezentengiselwano. Ngobuciko babo, babehlose ukufiphaza imingcele phakathi kwesiko eliphezulu neliphansi, bebekela inselele imibono yendabuko yalokho okwakubhekwa njengokubalulekile noma okufanele ukumelelwa kwezobuciko.
Omunye wabalingisi abanethonya kakhulu be-Pop Art, u-Andy Warhol, imisebenzi eyakhiwe ngokudumile equkethe abantu abayisithonjana abafana no-Marilyn Monroe, u-Elvis Presley, namakani esobho kaCampbell. Ngenqubo yakhe yokusayina kasilika, u-Warhol uphindaphinde lezi zithombe izikhathi eziningi, ebonisa imvelo ekhiqizwa ngobuningi yesiko labathengi.
I-Pop Art ithole ukuduma okusabalele futhi yaphonsela inselelo imvelo yezobuciko ye-elitist ngokugubha okujwayelekile kanye nokwansuku zonke. Kwaphawula ukusuka ekuhloleni i-abstract expressionism futhi kwaletha ubuciko endaweni yesiko elidumile. Umthelela wenhlangano usengazwakala nanamuhla, njengoba abaculi besimanje bavame ukufaka izici zesiko elidumile emisebenzini yabo.
Sengiphetha, kokubili i-Impressionism ne-Pop Art kube nomthelela omkhulu emhlabeni wezobuciko, ukuphusha imingcele, kanye nezingqungquthela eziyinselele. I-Impressionism yashintsha indlela amaciko asondela ngayo ekukhanyeni, umbala, nokuthwebula izikhathi ezidlulayo, kuyilapho i-Pop Art iletha isiko elidumile endaweni yobuciko obuphezulu. Lezi zimo ezimbili zibonisa isimo sobuciko esihlala sishintsha kanye nekhono labo lokubonisa nokusabela emphakathini namasiko akhona ngaphakathi.
