ILalish, idolobhana elincane elisezintabeni eKurdistan elinabantu 25 nje, iyindawo engcwele kunazo zonke emhlabeni kubantu baseYazidi. KumaYazidis lokho iMecca kumaSulumane. Inkolo ye-Yazidi yaziwa njengemfihlo, futhi iLalish iyindawo yokuhambela ama-Yazidis avela emhlabeni wonke.
Obani ama-Yazidis?
I-Yazidis iyinkolo yasendulo yamaKurd angamalungu ayo abaleke kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, ehlakazwe ukuqhubekela phambili kwamavukelambuso e-Islamic State (IS) eSinjar, idolobha elikhulu lama-Yazidi enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Iraq, futhi. indawo ezungezile. Ama-Yazidis aphawulwa ngamaKristu amaningi namaSulumane njengabakhulekeli bakadeveli futhi avame ukushushiswa. Leli hlelo lilandela izimfundiso zikaSheik Adi, indoda engcwele eyashona ngo-1162, futhi imfihlo yayo isethempelini eSigodini saseLalish, cishe amakhilomitha angu-15 empumalanga yeMosul. Izikhonkwane zale thempeli eziwubukhazikhazi nezimtshingo zibonakala ngaphezu kwezihlahla futhi zigcwele isigodi esivundile. Ama-Yazidis awavunyelwe ukulimaza izitshalo noma izilwane esigodini, futhi abahambi bageza ngenhlonipho emifudlaneni emikhosini yokuhlanza ngaphambi kokuvakashela indawo engcwele.
Ukholo lwe-Yazidi yinkolo yokuvumelanisa ehlanganisa izici zeZoroastrianism, Islam, Christianity, kanye nobuJuda. Ama-Yazidis akholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa owadala umhlaba futhi waphathisa izingelosi eziyisikhombisa, okubaluleke kakhulu kuzo uMelek Taus, i-Peacock Angel. AmaYazidi akholelwa ukuthi uMelek Taus wenqaba ukukhothamela u-Adamu, umuntu wokuqala, futhi waxoshwa nguNkulunkulu ezulwini. Ama-Yazidis akholelwa ukuthi uMelek Taus waphenduka futhi wathethelelwa uNkulunkulu, nokuthi manje usengumxhumanisi phakathi kukaNkulunkulu nesintu.
Lalish: Indawo Engcwele
I-Lalish namathempeli ayo cishe 4,000 iminyaka ubudala. Ithempeli layo eliyinhloko lakhiwa amaSumeri asendulo nezinye izimpucuko zaseMesophothamiya. Ngo-1162, ithempeli laba ithuna likaSheikh Adi Ibn Musafir, owathathwa u-Yazidis "njengengelosi ipigogo" - omunye wezidalwa eziyisikhombisa ezingcwele uNkulunkulu aziphathise umhlaba ngemuva kokudalwa. Isakhiwo sethempeli siyindawo engcwele kunazo zonke emhlabeni ye-Yazidis.
Lapho uvakashela eLalish, umuntu angezwa umuzwa wenjabulo nenjabulo emoyeni. Uhleko lwezingane luntanta ezihlahleni, imindeni yenza ipikinikini eziqongweni zamagquma, futhi abantu bahambahamba ngaphandle kokuphuthuma. Ama-Yazidis akholelwa ukuthi iLalish yilapho uMphongolo kaNowa waqala khona ukushaya umhlabathi owomile ngemva kukazamcolo futhi uhlezi endaweni abakholelwa ukuthi kwakuyinsimu yase-Edene.
Isimo Samanje
Ngo-2011, indawo engcwele yezintaba yaseLalish yayiyindawo ebukekayo, enamadoda amadala ehlezi ekukhanyeni kwelanga emthandazweni nasengxoxweni, abesifazane nezingane basebenzisa izinyawo zabo ezingenalutho ukuchoboza iminqumo ukuze bathole amafutha emikhombeni yasendulo yamatshe, kanye nethempeli lasendulo elihlezi phezulu indawo engcwele ezungezwe amagceke anomthunzi. Nokho, isimo siye sashintsha kakhulu kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. I-Yazidis idingisiwe ezweni lakubo elingokomoya e-Iraq, ehlisa isiko labo lasendulo. Isimo sibi kakhulu, futhi abantu besaba kakhulu ngoLalish. Imindeni eminingi ekhoselise lapho njengamanje isengozini futhi ingase izame ukubalekela kude Ukuthuthuka kwe-ISIS.
Ukushushiswa kwe-Yazidis
I-Yazidis ishushiswe amakhulu eminyaka, futhi inkolo yabo iye yaqondwa kabi futhi yachazwa kabi abaningi. Ngo-Agasti 2014, i-Islamic State (IS) yahlasela umphakathi wama-Yazidi eSinjar, yabulala futhi yagqilaza izinkulungwane zabantu. Ama-Yazidis ayeqondiswe ngoba ayebonwa njengabangakholwa nabakhulekeli bakadeveli ngabashokobezi be-IS. Amasosha e-IS nawo abhubhisa iYazidi amathempeli namathempeli, kuhlanganise nesakhiwo sethempeli laseLalish.
Ukushushiswa kwama-Yazidis kulahliwe ngumphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe, futhi kwenziwe imizamo yokuhlinzeka ngosizo nokusekela ababaleki baseYazidi. Kodwa-ke, isimo sihlala sinzima ku-Yazidis abaningi, abaye baxoshwa emakhaya abo futhi baphoqeleka ukuba bahlale emakamu ababaleki.
Ikusasa Lalish
Naphezu kokucekelwa phansi kwesakhiwo sethempeli laseLalish ngabashokobezi be-IS, abantu baseYazidi bahlala bezinikele okholweni lwabo nasendaweni yabo engcwele. Iyaqhubeka imizamo yokwakha kabusha izakhiwo zethempeli kanye nokuvuselela izindawo ezingcwele namathempeli ayecekeleke phansi. Ama-Yazidis nawo asebenzela ukulondoloza isiko namasiko abo asendulo, asongelwa yi- ubudlova nokushushiswa babhekane.
Ikusasa labantu baseLalish namaYazidi lisalokhu lingaqiniseki, kodwa ukuqina nokuzimisela kwamaYazidis kunikeza ithemba lokuthi bazokwazi ukunqoba izinselele ababhekene nazo. I-Lalish iyohlale iyinhliziyo yokholo lwe-Yazidi, indawo yokuhambela kanye nesibonakaliso sethemba nokuqina kwabantu base-Yazidi.
Isiphetho ngizoqeda ngokufingqa ukuthi iLalish iyindawo engcwele yabantu baseYazidi, futhi iyindawo yokuhambela ama-Yazidis avela emhlabeni wonke. Isimo sase-Iraq senze kwaba nzima ukuthi ama-Yazidis avakashele eLalish, futhi abaningi badingisiwe ezweni labo elingokomoya. Naphezu kwalokhu, uLalish uhlala ewuphawu lwethemba nokholo kubantu baseYazidi. Ukushushiswa kwama-Yazidis kulahliwe ngumphakathi wamazwe ngamazwe, futhi kwenziwa imizamo yokuhlinzeka ngosizo nokusekela ababaleki base-Yazidi. Ikusasa labantu baseLalish namaYazidi lisalokhu lingaqiniseki, kodwa ukuqina nokuzimisela kwamaYazidis kunikeza ithemba lokuthi bazokwazi ukunqoba izinselele ababhekene nazo.
