Wake wahlangabezana negama elithi OECD ezindabeni zezindaba noma ezingxoxweni ezimayelana nomnotho? Ingabe ukhona owake wakuchazela ukuthi iyini ngempela nokuthi kungani ibalulekile? Nanku umzamo wethu wokuzithoba. I-OECD, kafushane ethi Inhlangano Yokubambisana Kwezomnotho Nentuthuko iyinhlangano enomthelela ekubumbeni umnotho womhlaba kanye nokwenza izinqubomgomo. Ake sijule ekuqondeni uhlobo lwe-OECD, imisebenzi yayo nokubaluleka kwayo.
Inkundla Yemizamo Yokubambisana Yezomnotho
I-OECD yasungulwa ngo-1961 njengomlandeli we-Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) eyasungulwa ngo-1948 ukuze ilawule usizo njengengxenye yoHlelo lukaMarshall okuhloswe ngalo ukwakha kabusha impi yaseYurophu. Inhlosongqangi, ngemuva kokudala i-OECD kwakuwukuhlinzeka ngenkundla lapho amazwe engahlangana khona ukuze axoxisane ngezinselele futhi asebenzele ekufezeni izinqubomgomo ezisimeme ezikhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa komnotho.
I-Organisation, for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), inhloko yayo iseParis. Iqukethe amazwe angamalungu angama-38. Lawa mazwe ahlanganisa iningi leminotho ekhulayo. Emazweni aseMelika, amalungu asukela e-United States naseCanada kuya eMexico, eChile naseColombia. EYurophu, eJalimane, eFrance, e-UK, e-Italy naseTurkey afakiwe. Abamele i-Asian Pacific bavela eKorea, Japan nase-Australia kanti i-Israel imele iMpumalanga Ephakathi. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi iminotho emikhulu esafufusa njengeShayina, i-India kanye neBrazil okwamanje ayiyona ingxenye ye-OECD.
Imisebenzi Esemqoka kanye Nezindawo okugxilwe kuzo ze-OECD
Lenza inani lemisebenzi:
- Ihlinzeka ngenkundla yokuthi ohulumeni baqhathanise okuhlangenwe nakho kwenqubomgomo bashintshisane ngolwazi lwemikhuba emihle futhi baxhumanise izinqubomgomo zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ngempumelelo.
- Inhlangano ihlaziya izitayela phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu ayo kanye nasemhlabeni wonke ukuze ibikezele intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo ngokunembile.
- Iqoqa idatha yezenhlalo kusuka kuzo zombili izifunda ezingamalungu kanye nezizwe ezikhethiwe ezingewona amalungu.
- Le nhlangano yenza ucwaningo oluholela ezincomweni ngezinqubomgomo okuhloswe ngazo ukuthuthukisa ukukhula komnotho kanye nokuzinza kwezezimali namathuba omsebenzi.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho; isiza ekuxhumaniseni izindlela zokubhekana nezinkinga zokugwema intela yizinkampani.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, igxile emikhakheni yenqubomgomo enomthelela ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni komnotho, njenge-macroeconomics, amaphethini okuhweba, ukutshalwa kwezimali, ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, imithetho yentela, izinyathelo zokuvikela imvelo, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wezolimo, izinhlelo zentuthuko, amathuba omsebenzi, izinhlelo zesikole njll.
Inqubomgomo Enomthelela Namazinga
I-OECD isebenza ngenkuthalo ezinhlelweni zokubhekana neholo, ingcebo kanye nokungafani kwamathuba. Baphinde bagxile ekukhuthazeni izinqubo zebhizinisi nezindlela zokulwa nenkohlakalo. Ukwengeza, bahlose ukuvumelanisa umnotho nemiphakathi nezinselele ezilethwa abantu asebekhulile kuyilapho besekela imigomo yentuthuko, emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi.
Ngokwenqubomgomo namazinga, i OECD ibamba iqhaza ekushicileleni kwayo imibiko, ukuhlaziya kanye nezincomo ezindabeni zezomnotho. Le mibono ivame ukuthenjelwa kuyo abenzi bezinqubomgomo nezinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe. Isibonelo, imibiko ye-OECD ngezihloko ezifana nezinhlelo zempesheni, ukubusa kwebhizinisi kanye nokukhiqiza kudlala indima ekubumbeni ama-ajenda enqubomgomo kanye nokusungula izinqubo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-OECD ibambe iqhaza ekuthuthukiseni amazinga kanye namathuluzi omthetho amazwe angamalungu kanye nabangewona amalungu abambelela kukho. Lezi zihlanganisa izindawo ezifana nezintela, izivumelwano zokuhlola amakhemikhali, nemithetho yokugwazisa phakathi kokunye. Ukwamukelwa okusabalele kokuhlolwa kwe-OECD ye-PISA yokuhlola izinhlelo zemfundo kuwubufakazi bethonya lazo. Izitolo zemidiya, izifundiswa, namabhizinisi kuvame ukubhekisela kudatha yenhlangano namamethrikhi njengemithombo.
Ngekhono layo lokuqhuba izinguquko kanye nokwenza lula ukuxhumanisa inqubomgomo phakathi kwezomnotho, i-OECD isebenza njengenkundla, ukuze amazwe afunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamanye kuyilapho ebhekana nezinselele okwabelwana ngazo. Ngokwamukela izinqubomgomo ezisekelwe ebufakazini ezibeka eqhulwini ukusebenza kahle nezinjongo zokusimama kokukhula zingafinyelelwa ngempumelelo. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izilinganiso ezilandelwayo ezibekwe yinhlangano zibe negalelo elikhulu kulo mzamo
Imithelela ku- Umnotho Womhlaba
I-OECD idlala indima, ekulolongeni umnotho kanye nezinqubomgomo zamazwe ngamazwe ngezindlela eziningana;
Ngokuhlinzeka ngemibiko nezibalo zezinkomba, amaphethini ohwebo, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuqondile kwamanye amazwe kanye nosizo lwentuthuko i-OECD isiza ukuqapha impilo yomnotho womhlaba wonke.
Izincomo zenqubomgomo yenhlangano ezindabeni ezinjengezintela, ukubusa kwebhizinisi nezinqubo zokulawula zithonya izenzo zikahulumeni, izinhlaka zebhizinisi nokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe.
Izibikezelo ezenziwe yi-OECD mayelana nokukhula, ukwehla kwamandla emali, amazinga okuqashwa kanye nezinye izici zinomthelela kuzinqubomgomo zebhange elikhulu, izinqumo zokutshalwa kwezimali kanye nokuzethemba kwabathengi.
Ngezinhlelo ezigxile emikhakheni efana nokugqugquzela ukuhwebelana, ukukhuthaza ukutshalwa kwezimali, izinyathelo zokugwema intela kanye nemizamo yokulwa nokugwaza; i-OECD ibeka izindinganiso zokuziphatha kwebhizinisi emingceleni.
Izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezihlobene nezindaba ezinjengokunciphisa ukungalingani zilinganisa imizamo yokuguqula imfundo kanye nokubhekana nezinselele ezibangelwa abantu asebekhulile zisiza amazwe ukuthi abhekane nokukhathazeka ngezibalo zabantu kanye nezabasebenzi.
I-OECD iphinde yenze imiklamo yentuthuko ehlinzeka ngosizo emazweni anemali engenayo ephansi e-Afrika e-Asia Latin America naseCaribbean. Lawa maphrojekthi agxile emikhakheni efana nokudluliswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhula kwemvelo kwezezimali kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokubusa.
Ekugcineni I-OECD idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukuvumelanisa phakathi kweminotho yamazwe asathuthukayo nasathuthukayo ngokusebenzisa inqubo yokuncoma nokubuyekezwa kocwaningo lokuhlaziya inqubomgomo. Njengenye yezinhlangano zezomnotho zamazwe ngamazwe kanye neBhange Lomhlaba kanye ne-IMF, umthelela we-OECD mkhulu kakhulu.
Ukufingqa i-OECD iyinhlangano efaka isandla ekukhuthazeni ukukhula komnotho okuhlala isikhathi eside, ukuzinza kanye nenqubekelaphambili emhlabeni wonke ngokwenza ukuhlaziya inqubomgomo, ucwaningo, ukusungula amazinga kanye nokwenza lula ukubambisana, phakathi kweminotho ethuthukile nesathuthuka. Ibamba iqhaza, ekulolongeni isimo somnotho kanye nezinto ezibalulekile.
