Ubusika obukhulu (31.08.2023) - Ngobusuku bangomhla zingama-23 kuJulayi 2023, iRussian Federation yethula ukuhlasela okukhulu kwemicibisholo enkabeni ye-Odesa okwadala umonakalo omkhulu eKhathedrali Lokuguqulwa Kwesimo Se-Orthodox. Ukwesekwa kwamazwe ngamazwe ekwakheni kabusha sekwenziwe isivumelwano ngokushesha. I-Italy neGreece yibona abahamba phambili kodwa kudingeka olunye usizo.
(indatshana ibhalwe ngu Willy Fautre futhi Ievgeniia Gidulianova)
Ievgeniia Gidulianova uneziqu ze-Ph.D. kwezomthetho futhi wayenguSolwazi Ohlangene eMnyangweni Wezinqubo Zobugebengu we-Odesa Law Academy phakathi kuka-2006 no-2021.
Manje usengummeli emsebenzini wangasese futhi ungumxhumanisi we-NGO ezinze eBrussels Human Rights Without Frontiers.
I-Italy neGreece yibona abahamba phambili emgqeni wokunikeza usizo. Bheka izithombe zomonakalo LAPHA futhi Ividiyo ye-CNN
I-athikili ishicilelwe ekuqaleni ngu Ubusika obukhulu ngomhlaka 31.08.1013 ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “I-Odesa Transfiguration Cathedral. 1. Ngemva kokuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu eRussia, Kudingeka Usizo Lokwakha Kabusha"
Isimo somthetho esiyindida
Isimo esingokomthetho se-Transfiguration Cathedral siyinkimbinkimbi futhi asicacile. Kuze kube nguMeyi 2022, bekubhekwa njengesonto elinesimo esikhethekile namalungelo okuzimela okubanzi, elixhumene ne-Ukraine Orthodox Church/ Moscow Patriarchate (UOC/MP).
Ngomhla zingama-27 kuNhlaba wezi-2022, uMkhandlu we-UOC/MP wasusa zonke izinkomba zokuncika okunjalo emithethweni yawo, ugcizelela ukuzimela kwawo kwezezimali kanye nokungabi bikho kokugxambukela kwangaphandle ekuqokweni kwabefundisi bawo. Ngakho yazihlukanisa neSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia futhi yayeka ukukhumbula uKirill ezinkonzweni zaphezulu ngenxa yokweseka kwakhe impi kaVladimir Putin ngokumelene ne-Ukraine. Lokhu kuqhelelana akuzange kuholele ekwehlukaneni okuvela eMoscow ukuze i-UOC ikwazi ukugcina isimo sayo sobungcwele. Okwamanje, inqubo yokudluliselwa kwamapherishi e-UOC eSontweni Likazwelonke Lobu-Orthodox Lase-Ukraine (OCU), eyasungulwa ngoDisemba 2018 ngaphansi kukaMongameli uPoroshenko futhi yaqashelwa yiConstantinople Patriarchate ngomhlaka-5 Januwari 2019, isiye yanda.
Kulo mongo, ukuphawula kwe U-Archdeacon Andriy Palchuk, umfundisi we-Odessa Eparchy of the Ukraine Orthodox Church (UOC) mayelana nomonakalo odalwe ethempelini elikhulu kufanele ukubalula: “Imbubhiso inkulu. Ingxenye yesonto lombhishobhi ishiywe ingenalo uphahla. Izinsika ezimaphakathi nesisekelo ziphukile. Konke amafasitela kanye ne-stucco kwaphephuka. Kube nomlilo, ingxenye lapho kuthengiswa khona imifanekiso namakhandlela esontweni yasha. Ngemva kokuphela kokuhlasela kwezindiza, abezimo eziphuthumayo bafika bacisha yonke into. "
Ngo-23 Julayi 2023, Umbhishobhi omkhulu uVictor wase-Artsyz (UOC) unxuse uPatriarch Kirill ngendlela enonya mayelana nokudutshulwa kwesonto lombhishobhi. Wamsola ngokusekela impi emelene ne-Ukraine, izwe elizimele, futhi ubusisa mathupha iButho Lezempi LaseRussia elenza unya:
"Ababhishobhi bakho nabapristi bangcwelisa futhi babusise amathangi nemicibisholo eqhuma amadolobha ethu anokuthula. Namuhla, lapho ngifika e-Odesa Transfiguration Cathedral ngemva kokuphela kwesikhathi sokufika ekhaya futhi ngabona ukuthi umcibisholo waseRussia 'obusiswe' nguwe wandizela ngqo e-altare lesonto, kwabangcwele, ngabona ukuthi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox lase-Ukraine alinalutho. okufanayo nokuqonda kwakho isikhathi eside. Namuhla, wena nabo bonke abaqalayo bakho nenza konke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-UOC iyabhujiswa endaweni yase-Ukraine. Namuhla (esikhulumela ababhishobhi abaningi be-UOC) siyalugxeka lolu dlame olungenangqondo lweRussian Federation ngokumelene neZwe lethu Elizimele. Sifuna ukushiya iBandla lethu, ababhishobhi bethu kanye noMzukulu wethu. "
Abantu abaningi e-Odesa nase-Ukraine bafuna ukunikela ngemisebenzi ephuthumayo ehloselwe ukuvikela izici ezibalulekile zesonto lombhishobhi (uphahla, izinsika…) ukuze bagweme ukuwohloka okwengeziwe kwesakhiwo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha ngaphakathi naseduze. Ekhasini elisemthethweni le-Facebook le-Transfiguration Cathedral, i-video ifakwe yisifundabhishobhi ukuze kuqoqwe izimali zokuvuselela isonto.
Mayelana nomlando onesiphithiphithi we-Transfiguration Cathedral
I-Transfiguration Cathedral iyisonto elikhulu lama-Orthodox e-Odesa, isonto elikhulu lesifundabhishobhi sase-Odesa seSonto Lobu-Orthodox lase-Ukraine. Itholakala enkabeni yomlando yedolobha.
Umlando wesonto lombhishobhi waqala kanyekanye nokusungulwa kwe-Odesa ngo-1794 nguCatherine II, ngaleso sikhathi uMbusi waseRussia. Enqubweni yokungcweliswa kwedolobha ngokwalo nguMetropolitan Gabriel, indawo yokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sesonto esizayo nayo yangcweliswa eCathedral Square. Wabeka itshe lokuqala mhla ziyi-14 kuLwezi 1795. Umsebenzi wokwakha wadonsa iminyaka eminingana waze waqedwa. ngokwezinhlelo zikanjiniyela ongukaputeni uVanrezant kanye nomakhi wezakhiwo uFrapolli, nguDuke waseFrance odumile waseRichelieu, owamiswa njengombusi wase-Odesa ngo-1803. I-cathedral yangcweliswa ngo-1808. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, isonto lombhishobhi laziwa ngokuthi i-Transfiguration.
Ngesikhathi se-19th Ikhulu leminyaka, i-Transfiguration Cathedral yaba nenani lezinguquko ezibalulekile nemisebenzi yokwelulwa. Ithole ukubukeka kwayo komlando kwamanje ngo-1903 futhi ngaphakathi kwendawo yayo enkulu engamamitha angama-90 ngamamitha angama-45, ingahlalisa abantu abayizi-9000 ngesikhathi. Eminye imithombo ize isho isibalo se-12,000.
Ngokumiswa kukahulumeni wamaBolshevik e-Odesa ngo-1922, isonto lombhishobhi laphangwa okokuqala, lavalwa ngo-1932 futhi labhidlizwa amaSoviet ngo-1936. Ukuqhuma okuningana kwaqala kwacekela phansi i-belfry, kwase kulandela sonke isakhiwo. Indawo iphephandaba "I-Black Sea Commune" yaphawula ngo-6 March 1936 ukuthi abantu abangu-150 babambe iqhaza ekubhidlizweni. Njengoba ufakazi wokuzibonela wokubhujiswa, Umlobi we-Odesa kanye nesazi-mlando sendawo u-Vladimir Gridin wabhala ukuthi izithonjana eziyigugu kakhulu namamabula ngaphambili zakhishwa ethempelini kodwa isiphetho sazo asikaziwa.
I-Transfiguration Cathedral yamanje yakhiwa kabusha ngo-1999-2011 endaweni yamanxiwa ayo ibusiswe nguPatriarch Kirill ngokwakhe ngoJulayi 2010 ngenkathi i-UOC ingaphansi kwe-Moscow Patriarchate.
Ngomzamo weziphathimandla zendawo, isonto lombhishobhi lafakwa oHlelweni Lokukhiqiza kabusha Izikhumbuzo Ezivelele Zomlando Namasiko ase-Ukraine, olwagunyazwa uHulumeni ngo-1999, kodwa asikho isabelomali sokwakhiwa kabusha kwesonto lombhishobhi esabelwa ngaleso sikhathi. Yakhiwa kabusha ngezimali ezizimele kanye nezinhlangano ezisiza umphakathi. Ihhovisi likameya wase-Odesa ngokwengxenye laxhasa ngezimali ingaphakathi lesonto lombhishobhi.
Isonto lombhishobhi elibuyiselwe laqala ukusebenza ngomhla zingama-22 kuNhlaba wezi-2005. Manje, ngokolwazi olusemthethweni lweRejista Yesifunda Ehlanganisiwe, igama eliphelele lesonto lombhishobhi i-Odesa Transfiguration Cathedral of the Odesa Diocese of the Ukraine Orthodox Church (UOC). Ngo-2007, i-cathedral yahlanganiswa Irejista Yesifunda Yezikhumbuzo Ezingenakunyakaziswa zase-Ukraine njengesikhumbuzo somlando.
Ngo-2010, ithimba labaklami bezakhiwo, abakhi nabadwebi banikezwa uMklomelo Wombuso wase-Ukraine emkhakheni wezokwakha kabusha i-cathedral. Manje sekuyisakhiwo esikhulu sezakhiwo esibusa isikhungo somlando ye-Odesa nesonto layo eliyinhloko lobu-Orthodox.
I-cathedral ibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni nesikhumbuzo njengendawo yokungcwaba abantu abavelele base-Odesa naseNingizimu ye-Ukraine. Lokhu kungenye yezakhi ezibalulekile ezakha imvelo yendabuko ye "Isikhungo Somlando sasePort City of Odessa", efakwe ohlwini lwamagugu omhlaba lwe-UNESCO njengoba kuhlongozwe yi-Ukraine ngo-2023.
Izikhulu eziphezulu zase-Italy zicele ukusiza i-Ukraine ukubuyisela i-Transfiguration Cathedral
Ngosuku lokuhlaselwa kwemicibisholo eshaya i-cathedral, uNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle wase-Italy u-Antonio Tajani wathi: “Ukuqhuma kwamabhomu eRussia e-Odesa kwacekela phansi ingxenye yeSonto Lokuguqulwa Kwesimo, isenzo esingenasithunzi. I-Italy, ngemuva kokweseka i-Odesa ukuthi ibe ifa lesiko le-UNESCO, izoba seqhulwini ekwakhiweni kabusha kwedolobha.”
“Ukuhlasela kwase-Odesa, ukufa kwabangenacala, ukucekelwa phansi kweSonto Lokuguqulwa Kwesimo Senkolo kwasithinta ngokujulile. Abahlaseli baseRussia babhidliza izinqolobane, bancisha izigidi zabantu ababulawa indlala. Bacekela phansi impucuko yethu yaseYurophu kanye nezimpawu zayo ezingcwele. Abantu abakhululekile ngeke basatshiswe, ubuqaba ngeke buphumelele, ”kusho isitatimende sikahulumeni wase-Italy.
"I-Italy, enamakhono ayingqayizivele okubuyisela emhlabeni, isilungele ukuzinikela ekwakhiweni kabusha kwe-Odesa Cathedral namanye amagugu efa lobuciko lase-Ukraine," wathi UNdunankulu wase-Italy uGiorgia Meloni.
IGreece iphinde ihlose ukusiza ekubuyiselweni kwezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo ezalimala ngesikhathi kuhlasela imicibisholo yaseRussia.
Ngokusho koMkhandlu Wedolobha wase-Odesa, IGreece iphinde ihlose ukusiza ekubuyiseleni amatshe esikhumbuzo ezakhiwo awonakele ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kwe-missile yaseRussia. Lokhu kumenyezelwe ngabakwa U-Consul General we-Hellenic Republic e-Odesa, u-Dimitrios Dohtsis, phakathi nengxoxo nomphathi-dolobha.
Wathi "I-Greece izobamba iqhaza ekubuyiselweni kwezakhiwo ze-Odesa ezilimele. IGreece iyakugxeka ukuhlaselwa kwesikhungo esinomlando i-Odessa, esivikelwe yi-UNESCO. I-Greece izobamba iqhaza ekubuyiselweni kwezikhumbuzo zezakhiwo ezilimele. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi ezindlini ezinomlando wamaGreki, okungukuthi: indlu kaPapudov kanye nendlu kaRodokanaki.."
“Sijabule kakhulu ngokuthi u-Odesa unabangane emhlabeni wonke. IGreece ibisiza i-Ukraine ne-Odesa kusukela ekuqaleni kwempi egcwele. UNgqongqoshe Wezangaphandle WaseGreece, uMnu. Nikos Dendias, wayese-Odesa kabili ngalesi sikhathi futhi wasekela ngokuqinile ukungena kwethu ku-UNESCO. Sibonga kakhulu kuwe,” kusho imeya uGennadiy Trukhanov.
Isicelo sokuxhaswa ngezimali ukubuyiselwa kweKhathedrali Yokuguqulwa kwesimo
I-Kyiv kanye neziphathimandla zendawo e-Odesa zithemba kakhulu ukuthi amanye amazwe, izinhlangano kanye nama-philanthropists azosiza ekubuyiselweni kwezikhumbuzo zefa lamasiko e-Odesa.
Human Rights Without Frontiers icela i-European Union kanye namazwe angamalungu ayo, i-United States ne-Canada kanye nama-diaspora abo e-Ukraine ukuba abambe iqhaza ekubuyiselweni kwe-Odesa Cathedral.
