Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, iningi labahlomule kulo msebenzi laliphezulu
Bekungeke kuthengi injabulo, kodwa uchwepheshe ngamunye wangasese kanye nokuhlaziywa kwesayensi kubonisa ukuthi uma abantu benemali eyengeziwe, bangakwazi ukuphila izimpilo ezijabulisayo. Leso isisekelo socwaningo lwezenhlalo e-Denver, indawo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, inani labantu abasengozini enkulu yedolobha elikhulu bathola imali ngaphandle kwezintambo ezixhunywe.
Imiphumela kuze kube manje imi kanje: Abantu abalala kanzima ekuqaleni kocwaningo, bese - benemali eyengeziwe emaphaketheni abo - bazizwa bephephile ngempela, benempilo ephakeme engokwengqondo futhi bayakujabulela ukungena ezimweni eziphephile nezijabulisayo zokuhlala.
UMark Donovan, umsunguli kanye nomqondisi kahulumeni we-Denver-based Basic Income Project, wazise i-Insider ukuthi "ikhuthazeke kakhulu" ngemiphumela.
“Abaningi ababambe iqhaza babike ukuthi basebenzise le mali ukukhokha izikweletu, ukulungisa izimoto zabo, ukuthola indawo yokuhlala, nokubhalisa izifundo. Zonke lezi yizindlela ezingagcina zikhiphe abahlanganyeli ebuphofini futhi zibavumele ukuthi banganciki ezinhlelweni zezenhlalakahle,” usho kanje.
UDonovan usungule i-Denver Basic Income Project ngo-2021. Ungusomabhizinisi owenza imali yakhe nge-Wooden Ships, inkampani yezingubo esebenza ngokukhethekile ngamajezi amantombazane, kanye noxhaso lwezimali e-Tesla, oluye lwanda phakathi nalolu bhubhane. Ngo-2022, wasebenzisa imali embalwa yaleyo mali, kanye nomnikelo wamaRandi ayizigidi ezimbili owawuvela edolobheni elikhulu, waqala ukusabalalisa imali kubantu abahlukene.
Ukuphawula ngokungabi nakhaya ngokuvamile kugxile empilweni engokwengqondo kanye nesejwayezini, okubonakala njengengxenye eyinhloko ekuthuthukisweni okubukhali ezinhlobonhlobo zabantu abalala kanzima. Kodwa njengoba i-Pew Charitable Trust yaduma ekuhlaziyeni kwakamuva, ukuhlaziya “ngokuqhubekayo kuthola ukuthi ukungabi nakhaya endaweni ethile kunqunywa izindleko zezindlu” (okungukuthi, ukuqasha, hhayi isikhathi).
Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, iningi lalabo abathola imali yephrojekthi babephakeme kakhulu—izinga eliphakeme kakhulu, ngokusho kwabacwaningi base-University of Denver’s Center for the Study of Housing and Homelessness.
Lusebenza kanjani uhlelo lwe-Universal Basic Income e-Denver
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba ezinyangeni eziyi-12 zokugcina, bangaphezu kuka-800 abantu ababhalise ohlelweni lwemali eyinhloko, nokho akubona bonke abathola imali efanayo. Kunamaqembu amathathu - elilodwa lizothola u-$1,000 ngenyanga izinyanga eziyi-12; abahlukene bathola ama- $ 6,500 ngaphambili kanye nama- $ 500 inyanga nenyanga ngemuva kwalokho; futhi owesithathu uzothola kuphela u-$3 ngenyanga.
Ngenkathi bexwayisa ngokuthi lowo umbiko wesikhashana wokuhlolwa okuthathe unyaka wonke, abacwaningi nokho bathole izinguquko eziqinile nezikhuthazayo enhlalakahleni yezinto yamalungu. Labo abazuza u-$500 noma ngaphezulu nyanga zonke yibona ababenenzuzo kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, abangaphansi kuka-10% babo babehlala emakhaya noma ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala, kanti ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha abangaphezulu koyedwa kwabathathu babenendawo yabo yokuhlala.
Imali Engenayo Eqinisekisiwe iphinde yehla ngokuphawulekayo ukungabi nakhaya. Lapho lolu hlelo luqala, cishe u-6 % wabantu eqenjini labahola u-$1,000 ngenyanga babelala ngaphandle, futhi ngemva kwezinyanga eziyisi-6 lelo nani lehlele kuqanda. Iqembu elithole isamba esikhulu liphinde labona ukwehla kusuka ku-10% ukulala ngaphandle kuya ku-3%. Ngisho nalabo abathole imali encane efika ku-$50 bathuthela endlini, imali yehla isuka ku-8% yaya ku-4%.
Eqenjini lika-$1,000 ngenyanga, amalungu angu-34% manje ahlala emizini yawo noma ezindaweni zokuhlala, ngokungafani no-8% nje wezinyanga eziyi-12 ngaphambili. Kuwo wonke amaqembu, abantu abahlukahlukene abalala ezindaweni zokukhosela ezinkulu kunohhafu, futhi bonke babike umuzwa ophakeme wokulondeka endaweni yabo yokuhlala yamanje. Impilo yengqondo isiyonke iye yaba ngcono, nakuba iqembu lama-dollar angu-50 libike ukuthi alikho ingcindezi eyengeziwe nokukhathazeka kunangaphambili kunangaphambili - kanye nethemba elincane kakhulu.
Amanye amadolobha nawo asebenzisa lolu cwaningo
Iqiniso elingephikwe lokuthi izinzuzo zezinto ezibonakalayo zabonwa kuwo wonke amaqembu lisho ukuthi ubuncane bezithuthukisi ezimbalwa kungenzeka futhi ngenxa yento eyodwa ngaphandle kwemali, okulingana nokungena okuphezulu kubahlinzeki abahlukene phakathi nesikhathi sokuhlola (abacwaningi abacabangi) . Ukwengeza, ukuhlola kuncike ekutheni amalungu azibike wona ngokwawo isimo sawo sokuhweba ukuze athole izimali ezifika ku-USD 30.
Kodwa imiphumela ihambisana nobuchule bamadolobha ahlukene.
ESan Francisco, ukuhlolwa kwabantu abangu-14 abathola u-$500 ngenyanga kwathola ukuthi izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zalabo ababengenamakhaya ekuqaleni bathola izindlu zaphakade ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva. Amadolobha amancane, alingana neSanta Fe, aphinde azama ngezimali zemali, njengoba kunjalo nezindawo zasemaphandleni, kanye neNew York. I-Philadelphia ikhulisa umbono emaqenjini ahlukene asengozini, kuhlanganisa nabantu abakhulelwe.
Ngaphandle kwe-United States, amazwe ahlukene aphinde athole ukuthi indlela yokusiza ngemali eqondile ibonakala iyindlela elula yokubhekana nezinkinga ezithile zomphakathi kunomsebenzi wamaphoyisa noma uxhaso lwezicelo zosekelo ezengeziwe ezivamile lapho ukusekelwa kuhlobene nezimo.
IVancouver, eCanada muva nje iklomelise cishe u-$5,600 esixukwini sabantu abangaphezu kuka-100 abakhungethwe ubumpofu.
“Izindlu ziyathuthukiswa, ukungabi nakhaya kuyehla, ukusetshenziswa kwemali nokongiwa kuyenyuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi kuwukonga kukahulumeni kanye nabakhokhi bentela,” kusho uJiaying Zhao, uprofesa wezengqondo eNyuvesi yaseBritish Columbia, etshela iThe Guardian.
Umthombo: Ibhizinisi elingaphakathi
Isithombe esinemifanekiso ngu-Aidan Roof: https://www.pexels.com/photo/man-in-black-crew-neck-shirt-wearing-gray-hat-4071362/
