Ukufinyelela ezindaweni zomphakathi eziluhlaza nokuluhlaza ziyahlukahluka kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngokusho kwe- Ukwaziswa kwe-EEA 'Ubani ozuza emvelweni emadolobheni? Ukungalingani kwezenhlalo ekufinyeleleni ezindaweni zasemadolobheni eziluhlaza neziluhlaza kulo lonke elaseYurophu'. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi amadolobha asenyakatho nasentshonalanga ye-Europe avame ukuba nendawo eluhlaza kakhulu kunamadolobha aseningizimu nasempumalanga yeYurophu. Ukuhlola kubheka ukungalingani kwezenhlalo-mnotho kanye nezibalo zabantu ekufinyeleleni ezindaweni eziluhlaza neziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emadolobheni aseYurophu. Kuhlanganisa nezibonelo zezindawo eziluhlaza ezaklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zamaqembu omphakathi asengcupheni kanye nabantu ababencishwe amathuba.
Inani lezikhala eziluhlaza emadolobheni
Amandla ezindawo eziluhlaza ukuze thuthukisa impilo nenhlalakahle yethu liya ngokuya liqashelwa, kokubili kwezesayensi nenqubomgomo. Izindawo ezifinyeleleka eziluhlaza zibaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni, asebekhulile kanye nabantu abahola kancane, abaningi babo abanamathuba amancane okuxhumana nemvelo.
Abantu basebenzisa izikhala zabo zendawo eziluhlaza ukuze bazivocavoce umzimba kanye nokuxhumana nabantu, ukuze baphumule futhi babuyisele ingqondo. Izinzuzo isukela ezingozini ezincishisiwe zokukhuluphala ezinganeni, kuye empilweni engcono yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye namazinga aphansi okucindezeleka kubantu abadala. Amapaki, izihlahla nezinye izindawo eziluhlaza zithuthukisa izinga lomoya, zinciphisa umsindo, amazinga okushisa aphakathi nendawo ngezikhathi ezishisayo, futhi zithuthukisa ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo ezindaweni zamadolobha.
Aluhlaza kangakanani amadolobha aseYurophu?
Ingqalasizinda eluhlaza, okuhlanganisa izindawo eziluhlaza neziluhlaza njengezabelo, izingadi ezizimele, amapaki, izihlahla zemigwaqo, amanzi namaxhaphozi, ezakhiwe ngokwesilinganiso esingu-42% wendawo yedolobha emazweni angamalungu e-EEA angama-38, ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva etholakalayo. Idolobha elinengxenye ephezulu kakhulu yesikhala esiluhlaza esiphelele (96%) yiCáceres eSpain, lapho indawo yokuphatha yedolobha ihlanganisa izindawo zemvelo nezincane zemvelo ezizungeze inkaba yedolobha. Idolobha elinendawo ephansi kakhulu eluhlaza ngo-7% nje yi-Trnava e-Slovakia.
Izindawo ezifinyeleleka esidlangalaleni zakha ingxenye encane kakhulu yendawo eluhlaza, elinganiselwa ku-3% kuphela wendawo yonke yedolobha ngokwesilinganiso. Nokho, lokhu kuyehluka phakathi kwamadolobha, namadolobha afana ne-Geneva (Switzerland), i-Hague (Netherlands) kanye ne-Pamplona/Iruña (Spain), ukubona i-akhawunti yendawo eluhlaza efinyelelekayo ngaphezu kuka-15% wendawo yedolobha.
Idatha yakamuva evela ku-EEA's isibukeli sekhava yesihlahla sasemadolobheni ikhombisa lokho isilinganiso sekhava yesihlahla sasemadolobheni emadolobheni asemazweni angama-38 angamalungu e-EEA kanye namazwe asebenzisanayo ame ku-30%, namadolobha aseFinland naseNorway anengxenye ephakeme kakhulu yokumboza izihlahla, kuyilapho amadolobha aseCyprus, e-Iceland naseMalta anenani eliphansi kakhulu.
Ukungalingani mayelana nokufinyelela kukhona - inqubomgomo kanye nesenzo siyavela
Kulo lonke elaseYurophu, indawo eluhlaza ayitholakali ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezihola kancane kunabahola kakhulu, umehluko ovame ukuqhutshwa yimakethe yezindlu, lapho izakhiwo ezisezindaweni eziluhlaza zibiza kakhulu. Nakuba i-World Health Organization incoma ukuthi bonke abantu bahlale phakathi kwamamitha angu-300 endaweni eluhlaza, bangaphansi kwengxenye yabantu basemadolobheni aseYurophu. Imihlahlandlela kazwelonke neyendawo iyahlukahluka kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi isiqondiso sendlela yokwenza ukufinyelela kulingane kuwo wonke amaqembu omphakathi akuvamile.
Izifundo zecala ezivela kulo lonke elaseYurophu bonisa ukuthi isenzo esihlosiwe sokunciphisa ukungalingani ekufinyeleleni izindawo eziluhlaza ezisezingeni eliphezulu zingakhulisa kanjani izinzuzo zezempilo kanye nenhlalakahle yemvelo emadolobheni. Ukubandakanya imiphakathi yendawo ekwakhiweni nasekuphathweni kwendawo eluhlaza kusiza ekucabangeleni izidingo zayo ezithile futhi kutholwe kukhuthaza umuzwa wobunikazi nokukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa.
