Uhulumeni oholwa yi-Awami League uthi uzibophezele okhethweni lukazwelonke olukhululekile nolungenabulungisa okufanele lwenzeke ngomhlaka-7 Januwari 2024 ngenkathi ngasikhathi sinye abaphathi bezwe begcwalisa amajele ngamalungu aphikisayo kwezepolitiki futhi banesibopho sokusebenzisa amandla ngokweqile, ukunyamalala okuphoqelelwe, ukuhlukunyezwa nokubulawa ngaphandle kwenkantolo.
Iqembu eliphikisayo kuleli i-Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) kanye nabalingani balo banqume ukuluduba ukhetho bethi luzokhwatshaniswa neqembu elibusayo i-Awami League (AL).
Iqembu eliphikisayo lifuna ukuthi uhulumeni esule esikhundleni futhi adlulisele amandla kubaphathi abangathathi hlangothi ukuze baphathe ukuvota, kodwa i-Awami League yenqatshwe kakhulu.
Ingcindezelo enkulu ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokhetho
Selokhu kwaba nomhlangano omkhulu wezepolitiki owawuhlelwe yi-BNP ngomhla zingama-28 kuMfumfu iphikisana nohulumeni obusayo, oholwa nguNdunankulu uSheikh Hasina, sekuboshwe okungenani izishoshovu eziphikisayo eziyi-10,000. Abanye abaningi babaleke emizini yabo ukuze bangaboshwa bacasha. Ayisekho indawo emajele, ngokusho kweHuman Rights Watch, ethi okungenani bangu-16 abantu asebeshonile kwalimala abangaphezu kuka-5,500.
Ekupheleni kukaNovemba, uNahid Hasan, intatheli ye-website yezindaba i-Jagonews24.com wahlaselwa enhlokodolobha i-Dakha ngesikhathi ebika ngokungqubuzana okubandakanya abafundi be-Awami League ebusayo. Abahlaseli kwakunguTamzeed Rahman, umholi wendawo woPhiko Lwentsha lwe-Awami League enamadoda alinganiselwa ku-20-25. Bambambe ngokhololo bamshaya ngezimpama waze wawela phansi baqhubeka nokumkhahlela nokumnyathela. Lesi bekuyisiqephu sakamuva kuze kube manje sochungechunge lokuhlaselwa kwabezindaba ngabalandeli bomfelandawonye wamaqembu ayi-14 aholwa yi-Awadi League.
Ukuhlaselwa, ukugadwa, ukwesatshiswa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa ngokomthetho kwabezindaba eminyakeni embalwa edlule kuye kwaholela ekwandeni kokuzihlola kwabezindaba.
Angaphezu kuka-5,600 amacala ahlobene nenkululeko yokukhuluma, okuhlanganisa nalawo ezintatheli nabahleli abaqavile, asalindile ngaphansi koMthetho Wezinsizakalo Zedijithali ogxekwa kakhulu, ngokusho kweNhlangano Yezizwe.
I-UN ikhathazekile ngokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi
Mhla ziyi-13 kuLwezi, i-UN Human Rights Council yaphothula ukubuyekezwa ngezikhathi ezithile kwesimo samalungelo abantu e-Bangladesh lapho inqwaba yezinhlangano ezizimele zikhala ngokunyathelwa kabi kwamalungelo abantu nguhulumeni oholwa ngu-Awami.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, ziyi-14 kuLwezi, uNksz Irene Khan, Intatheli eyisipesheli ekugqugquzeleni nasekuvikelweni kwelungelo lenkululeko yokubeka imibono nokukhuluma; Mnu.Clément Nyaletsossi Voule; Umlobi okhethekile wamalungelo enkululeko yokuhlangana ngokuthula nokuhlangana; kanye noNksz Mary Lawlor, Umlobi okhethekile ngesimo sabavikeli bamalungelo abantu, ukugxekile ukucindezela okunzima kwabasebenzi abafuna amaholo afanelekile kanye nezishoshovu zezombusazwe ezithi makube nokhetho olukhululekile nolungenzeleli. Baphinde bakugxeka ukuhlukunyezwa ngokomthetho kwezintatheli, abavikeli bamalungelo abantu nabaholi bezinhlangano zomphakathi, kanye nokwehluleka ukuguqula imithetho ecindezela inkululeko yokukhuluma.
Isitatimende se-UN Special Rapporteurs besihambisana nesinye isimemezelo se-UN sangomhla zizi-4 kuNcwaba wezi-2023 sigxeka udlame lwangaphambi kokhetho, sifuna amaphoyisa “ayeke ukusebenzisa amandla ngokweqile phakathi nodlame oluqhubekayo nokuboshwa kwabantu abaningi ngaphambi kokhetho lukazwelonke.” Ngokusho komkhulumeli we-UN, "Amaphoyisa, kanye namadoda agqoke izingubo ezivamile, abonakale esebenzisa izando, izinduku, amalulwane nezinsimbi, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukushaya ababhikishi."
Ukukhathazeka kwe-United States
NgoSepthemba 2023, i-United States yaqala ukubeka imingcele yama-visa ezikhulwini zase-Bangladeshi ezatholwa zinesibopho "sokubukela phansi inqubo yokhetho lwentando yeningi e-Bangladesh." I-US ingase futhi icabangele unswinyo olungeziwe kulabo abanomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlukumeza okwenziwa manje. Uthishanhloko umgomo kwalaba izigwebo yiqembu elibusayo i-Awadi League, abomthetho, abezobulungiswa kanye nabezokuphepha.
Ngalesi sinyathelo, abaphathi beBiden bahlala behambisana nenqubomgomo yabo kuhulumeni obusayo oholwa ngu-Awami. Ngo-2021 nango-2023, kwaba washiya i-Bangladesh ngaphandle emicimbini emibili “yeNgqungquthela Yentando Yeningi”, nakuba ibimeme iPakistan (esezingeni eliphansi kune-Bangladesh ezinhlokweni ezahlukahlukene zentando yeningi, okuhlanganisa neFreedom House Inkululeko ku-World Index kanye ne-Economist Intelligence Unit's Inkomba yentando yeningi).
Ngomhla zingama-31 kuMfumfu, iNxusa lase-US u-Peter Haas wamemezela “Noma isiphi isenzo esibukela phansi inqubo yokhetho lwentando yeningi - okuhlanganisa udlame, ukuvimbela abantu ekusebenziseni ilungelo labo lokuhlangana ngokuthula, kanye nokufinyelela ku-inthanethi - kubeka imibuzo ikhono lokuqhuba ukhetho olukhululekile nolunobulungiswa.
Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, abaholi be-Awami League basabisa kaningi ngokushaya noma ukubulala i-Haas.
Ukukhathazeka kwe-European Union mayelana nokhetho
Ngomhla ziyi-13 kuSepthemba, uKhomishani Wobumbano Nezinguquko, u-Elisa Ferreira, wethula inkulumo egameni loMmeleli Omkhulu/uVice-Mongameli uJosep Borrell mayelana nesimo samalungelo abantu e-Bangladesh egcizelela ukuthi "i-EU isakhathazekile ngemibiko yokubulawa kwabantu ngokungemthetho kanye nokuphoqelela ukunyamalala. eBangladesh.”
Ugcizelele ukuthi i-EU ijoyina izingcingo zeNhlangano Yezizwe zokuthi kube nendlela ezimele yokuphenya ngokunyamalala okuphoqiwe kanye nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungemthetho. I-Bangladesh kufanele futhi ivumele ukuvakashelwa kwe-United Nations Working Group on Enforced Disappearances.
Ngomhla zingama-21 kuMandulo, i-European Union yanquma ukungathumeli ithimba eliphelele labaqapheli ngesikhathi sokhetho lukazwelonke oluzayo lwase-Bangladesh isho izingqinamba zesabelomali.
Ngo-Okthoba 19, tI-EU yazise ngokusemthethweni i-Election Commission (EC) yase-Bangladesh ukuthi izothumela ithimba lamalungu amane ukuyobheka ukhetho lukazwelonke oluzayo., ngokuvumelana ne Izinga Lebhizinisi. Ngokwencwadi ethunyelwe nguMnyango Wezangaphandle, ithimba lizovakashela e-Bangladesh kusuka zingama-21 kuNovemba 2023 kuya ku-21 Januwari 2024 ukuyobheka ukuvota.
I-EU ayizange ithumele izibukeli okhethweni lukazwelonke lwango-2014 nango-2018 olunqotshwe yi-Awadi League. Ngo-2014, i-Bangladesh Nationalist Party, okuyiqembu elikhulu eliphikisayo, yaduba futhi izophinda ikwenze ngoJanuwari 2024.
I-EU yayithumele umkhankaso ogcwele okhethweni lwango-2008 lapho ithumela umkhankaso omkhulu kunawo wonke wokubheka amazwe ngamazwe e-Bangladesh enababukeli abangu-150 abavela emazweni angama-25 e-EU, kanye neNorway neSwitzerland.
Ohulumeni abambalwa bangaphandle sebecele kaningi ukuthi kube nokhetho olukhululekile nolunobulungiswa e-Bangladesh.
Ubudlelwano bezohwebo phakathi kwe-EU ne-Bangladesh njengethuluzi lamandla athambile angenzeka
Ngenxa yamalungelo ezentengiselwano anikezwe i-Bangladesh, i-EU inamandla, ngaphezu kwamathemba nezifiso zayo, ukukhuthaza uhulumeni wayo ukuthi aqinisekise ukhetho olukhululekile nolunobulungiswa.
I-EU isebenza eduze ne-Bangladesh kuhlaka lwe Isivumelwano Sokubambisana se-EU-Bangladesh, eyaphethwa ngo-2001. Lesi sivumelwano sinikeza ububanzi obubanzi bokubambisana, kuhlanganise namalungelo abantu.
I-EU inguzakwethu omkhulu wezohwebo we-Bangladesh, ibalwa cishe ku-19.5% wesamba sohwebo sezwe ngo-2020.
Impahla ethengwayo evela e-EU evela e-Bangladesh ibuswa yizingubo zokugqoka, ezibalelwa ngaphezu kwama-90% wesamba semali ethengwa yi-EU evela ezweni.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-EU e-Bangladesh kubuswa yimishini nezinto zokuthutha.
Phakathi kuka-2017 no-2020, ukuthengwa kwe-EU-28 okuvela e-Bangladesh kufinyelele ngokwesilinganiso samabhiliyoni angu-14.8 ngonyaka, okumelela ingxenye yesamba sesamba sokuthunyelwa kwe-Bangladesh.
Njengezwe Elithuthuke Kancane Kancane (LDC), i-Bangladesh izuza kuhulumeni ovuna kakhulu otholakala ngaphansi kwe-EU's Generalized Scheme of Preferences (GSP), okuyilungiselelo le-All But Arms (EBA). I-EBA inikeza ama-LDC angama-46 - okuhlanganisa i-Bangladesh - ukufinyelela kwamahhala, kwamahhala kwesabelo ku-EU ngokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwayo yonke imikhiqizo, ngaphandle kwezikhali nezinhlamvu. Human Rights Without Frontiers inxusa i-EU ukuthi isebenzise ngamandla ayo athambile ukuze ibeke ukulingana Bangladeshukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo abantu ngaphambi kokhetho kanye namalungelo abo okuhweba.
