Sikwethulela igama elithi pyrolysis nokuthi le nqubo iyithinta kanjani impilo yomuntu nemvelo.
I-Tire pyrolysis iyinqubo esebenzisa izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokungabikho komoyampilo ukudiliza amathayi abe yikhabhoni, imikhiqizo ewuketshezi kanye negesi. Le nqubo ivame ukwenziwa ezindaweni ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi izitshalo ze-pyrolysis.
Umqondo oyisisekelo we-tire pyrolysis ukuguqula izinto zenjoloba zibe yimikhiqizo ebalulekile, njengekhabhoni, amafutha oketshezi (amafutha e-pyrolytic) namagesi.
Ngaphansi kwezimo akufanele kuvulwe isitshalo se-pyrolysis ngaphakathi kwemingcele yedolobha. Isitshalo se-pyrolysis yamasondo ngokuqinisekile sizobangela ukulimala empilweni yabantu. Izingozi azimbalwa, futhi noma yini ebeka engcupheni impilo yabantu edolobheni iwukugembula okungafanele sikuthathe. Ingozi ivela ekukhishweni kokufakwayo futhi izingozi ezinkulu zimbili - empilweni yabantu kanye nasesimisweni semvelo.
UKUKHIPHA OKULIMALI NGESIKHATHI SOKUPHUMULA KWAMATAYI
Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini nokuthi zithinta kanjani.
Izinto ezinegesi ezikhishwe esitshalweni se-pyrolysis yamasondo yilezi:
• CH₄ – I-Methane
• C₂H₄ – Ethylene
• C₂H₆ – Ethane
• C₃H₈ – Propane
• I-CO – I-Carbon monoxide (I-Carbon monoxide)
• I-CO₂ - I-Carbon dioxide (I-Carbon Dioxide)
• I-H₂S – I-Hydrogen Sulfidi
Umthombo - https://www.wastetireoil.com/Pyrolysis_faq/Pyrolysis_Plant/can_the_exhaust_gas_from_waste_tire_pyrolysis_plant_be_recycled_1555.html#
Izinto 1-4 zibuyiselwa ukuze zishise ku-reactor, ziqhubezela inqubo ye-pyrolysis.
Nokho, i-H₂S, i-CO, ne-CO₂ - i-hydrogen sulfide, i-carbon monoxide, ne-carbon dioxide ayishi futhi ikhishwa emkhathini.
IMTHETHO WOKUKHIPHA OKULIMzayo KUBANTU
Nansi indlela ezithinta ngayo:
I-Hydrogen sulfide (H2S)
I-1% kuphela ye-sulphur yesondo etholakala oketshezini lwe-pyrolysis, okusele kukhishelwa emkhathini njenge-hydrogen sulphide.
Umthombo - https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165237000000917
IHydrogen sulfide ingelinye lamagesi aziwa kakhulu anoshevu empilweni yomuntu. Igesi esebenza ngokushesha kakhulu, enobuthi kakhulu, engenambala nephunga lamaqanda abolile. Emazingeni aphansi, i-hydrogen sulfide ibangela ukucasuka kwamehlo, ikhala, nomphimbo. Amazinga amaphakathi angabangela ikhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, isicanucanu nokuhlanza, kanye nokukhwehlela kanye nobunzima bokuphefumula. Amazinga aphezulu angabangela ukushaqeka, ukudlikizeka, ukukoma nokufa. Ngokuvamile, uma ukuchayeka kubi kakhulu, izimpawu ziba nzima kakhulu.
Source – https://wwwn.cdc.gov/TSP/MMG/MMGDetails.aspx?mmgid=385&toxid=67#:~:text=At%20low%20levels%2C%20hydrogen%20sulfide,convulsions%2C%20coma%2C %20and%20death.
Futhi, ngaphezu kwempilo yomuntu, iphinde ithinte imvelo. IHydrogen sulfide, ingena emkhathini, iphenduka ngokushesha ibe yi-sulfuric acid (H2SO4), ebangela imvula eneasidi.
Umthombo- http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/~qq002439/aferraro_sulphcycle.pdf
Ngokungangabazeki, akufanele sithathe noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezingandisa amazinga ale gesi enobuthi nganoma iyiphi indlela eduze kwalapho sihlala khona.
I-Carbon Monoxide (CO)
I-Carbon monoxide ingenye igesi enobuthi nathi esingayifuni nhlobo ezindlini zethu.
Ithinta impilo ngokusabela kwayo nge-hemoglobin egazini. I-Hemoglobin iyinhlanganisela enikeza amangqamuzana umoya-mpilo. Ukuhlobana kwe-hemoglobin kuphakeme ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-200 ku-CO kune-oxygen, ngakho-ke ingena esikhundleni somoya-mpilo osegazini osuvele usezingeni eliphansi, okuholela ngempumelelo ekumitheni ezingeni lamaselula.
Imiphumela empilweni yomuntu ihlukene. Emazingeni aphezulu kakhulu, le gesi ingabangela ukushaywa unhlangothi, ukulahlekelwa ukwazi nokufa kwezingxenye zobuchopho kanye nomuntu ngokwakhe. Emazingeni aphansi, kuba nemiphumela ethambile yokuziphatha, isb ukukhubazeka kokufunda, ukuncipha kokuqaphela, ukungasebenzi kahle kwemisebenzi eyinkimbinkimbi, isikhathi sokusabela esikhulayo. Lezi zimpawu ziphinde zenzeke emazingeni angokwemvelo endaweni yasemadolobheni evamile eduze kwemigwaqo ephithizelayo. Imiphumela ethile ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi iyabonwa.
I-Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
I-Carbon dioxide, ngaphezu kokuba igesi ebamba ukushisa, ingenye igesi nayo enezingozi eziningi zempilo ngamanani aphakeme.
Umthombo - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0323-1
izinsimbi ezisindayo
I-Pyrolysis emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kuka-700 °C iguqula izinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-Pb ne-Cd (umthofu ne-cadmium) zisuka oketshezini ziye esimweni segesi.
Source – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7831513/#:~:text=It%20is%20known%20that%20Cd,heavy%20metals%20Cd%20and%20Pb.
Ukulimala kwabo emzimbeni womuntu kubhalwe kabanzi iminyaka eminingi futhi kucacile kwisayensi.
Ukuhola
Ubuthi bomthofu bungabangela izinkinga zokuzala kwabesilisa nabesifazane, umfutho wegazi ophakeme, isifo sezinso, izinkinga zokugaya ukudla, ukuphazamiseka kwezinzwa, izinkinga zokukhumbula nokugxilisa ingqondo, ukwehla okujwayelekile kwe-IQ, nobuhlungu bemisipha namalunga. Kukhona nobufakazi bokuthi ukuchayeka komthofu kungaholela emdlavuzeni kubantu abadala.
Source – https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/lead-and-health#:~:text=Lead%20poisoning%20can%20cause%20reproductive,result%20in%20cancer%20in%20adults.
I-Cadmium
I-Cadmium idala ukuchithwa kwamaminerali kanye nokwenza amathambo abe buthakathaka, inciphisa ukusebenza kwamaphaphu futhi ingadala umdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19106447/#:~:text=Cd%20can%20also%20cause%20bone,the%20risk%20of%20lung%20cancer.
Ezingcoliseni eziyisithupha ezibucayi kakhulu zemvelo, i-pyrolysis yamasondo ikhiqiza ezi-4 zazo. Ziwumthofu, i-carbon monoxide, izinhlayiya zothuli oluhle, ne-hydrogen sulfide. Kuphela i-ozone ne-nitrogen dioxide akhiqizwa.
Umthombo - https://www.in.gov/idem/files/factsheet_oaq_criteria_pb.pdf
ISIPHETHO
I-Pyrolysis inqubo eyingozi akufanele ivunyelwe eduze nezindawo zokuhlala. Izihloko eziningi zingatholakala ku-inthanethi ezichaza le nqubo ‘njengengenabungozi futhi ihambisana nemvelo’, kodwa zonke zibhalwe yizinkampani ezithengisa imishini ngokwazo. Kubuye kuchazwe njengendlela engcono kakhulu, kunokushisa amathayi endaweni evulekile. Lokhu ukuqhathanisa okungenangqondo, njengoba kunezindlela eziqhubekayo zokusebenzisa kabusha amathayi. Isibonelo, ukuzisika nokuzisebenzisa njengendawo engaphezulu endaweni yasemadolobheni (ezinkundleni zokudlala, emapaki, njll.), kanye nokuthi zingangezwa ku-asphalt.
I-Pyrolysis ikhiqiza ngokucacile ukukhishwa okuholela ekulimazeni impilo yabantu kanye nemvelo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imithelela yayo incishiswa kangakanani, kunoma yikuphi akufanele ivunyelwe ukuthi yenziwe eduze nezindawo zokuhlala, ingasaphathwa enkabeni yedolobha, ngokulandela isibonelo samazwe angcoliswe kakhulu njengeNdiya nePakistan.
