Kuwebhu yokuhlanganisa, indawo ye-Schengen ikhanya njengophawu lwenkululeko nobumbano oluhlakaza imingcele futhi lunikeza izakhamuzi ze-European Union (EU) ilungelo eliyigugu lokuhamba ngaphandle kwamapasi. Kusukela yasungulwa, ngo-1995 le ndawo engenamngcele isibe enye yezimpumelelo zephrojekthi yaseYurophu enikeza abantu amandla okuhlala, ukufunda, ukusebenza nokuhlola ngokukhululeka ngaphakathi kwemingcele yayo. Njengoba siqala ukuhlola ubunkimbinkimbi bendawo ye-Schengen ake sithi ngena ngaphakathi kwezakhi lokho kwenza kube insika yokuphilisana eYurophu.
I-Symphony of Nations; Ukuqonda i-Schengen
Empeleni, indawo ye-Schengen ibonisa ukuhlanganiswa phakathi kwamazwe e-EU. Lesi sifunda esingenawo amaphasipoti sihlanganisa wonke amazwe angamalungu e-EU ngaphandle kwe-Ireland ne-Cyprus azojoyina maduze. Kuyamangaza ukuthi amazwe amane angewona awe-EU—i-Iceland, i-Norway, iSwitzerland ne-Liechtenstein—aphinde abambene ngaphakathi kwalesi sivumelwano ukuze anikeze ulwazi lokuhamba.
Ukukhulula Inkululeko; Inhloso Nezinzuzo
Ukubaluleka kwendawo ye-Schengen kudlulela ngalé kokunethezeka; ihlanganisa inkululeko. Izakhamizi ze-EU zijabulela ikhono lazo lokuvakashela noma yiliphi izwe eliyilungu kuze kube yizinyanga ezintathu ngaphandle kokudinga lutho, ngaphandle kwepasipoti noma umazisi.
Inkululeko enikezwa indawo ye-Schengen idlula imisebenzi yokuzilibazisa njengoba inika abantu amandla okuhlala nokusebenza kunoma yiliphi izwe elilungu ngenkathi bejabulela ukwelashwa, njengezakhamuzi zendawo. Osomabhizinisi bathola induduzo enkululekweni yokusungula amabhizinisi abo kuyilapho abafundi belazisa ilungelo lokuphishekela imfundo kuwo wonke amazwe e-EU.
Ukugcina Ukuvikeleka; Indlela Engenamingcele
Nakuba imithetho ye-Schengen iqeda ukulawula imingcele ukuphepha kuseseqhulwini. Uma sebengaphakathi endaweni ye-Schengen abahambi bangahamba ngokukhululeka phakathi kwamazwe ngaphandle kokubhekana nokuhlolwa kwemingcele. Nokho, lokhu kunyakaza okubushelelezi akukhona ngaphandle kwezinyathelo zokuphepha. Iziphathimandla zikazwelonke zingahlola eduze kwemingcele ngokusekelwe kubuhlakani bamaphoyisa nolwazi oluthinta ukulingana phakathi kwenkululeko nokuphepha.
Ukubhekana Nezinselele; Imingcele Yangaphandle
Izinselele ezidalwa ukwanda kokuhamba kwabantu abafudukayo ngo-2015 kanye nokukhathazeka kwezokuphepha okwalandela kwaholela ekutheni amanye amazwe angamalungu ethule kabusha ukulawula imingcele. Ukuqubuka kobhubhane lwe-COVID-19 ngo-2020 kuqhubekisele phambili lo mkhuba. Ngokubona lezi zinselele i-European Commission iphakamise izibuyekezo ngo-2021 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi izilawuli zemingcele yangaphakathi zisetshenziswa njengendawo yokungcebeleka. Le ndlela yokucophelela igqamisa ukuzibophezela ekugcineni ubuqotho bendawo ye-Schengen.
Izimpendulo ze-EU; Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Ezishintshayo
Ukubhekana nezindaba zokufuduka kanye nokuvikela imingcele kuye kwagqugquzela ukusungulwa kwamathuluzi nama-ejensi, ngaphakathi kwe-EU. I-Schengen Information System, i-Visa Information System kanye ne-European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) zivele njengabavikeli besimiso se-Schengen. Ngaphezu kwalokho i-Asylum, Migration and Integration Fund (AMIF) kanye Nesikhwama Sokuphepha Sangaphakathi (ISF) zidlala indima ekubhekaneni nalezi zinselele ezigqamisa ukuzibophezela kwe-EU, umthwalo wemfanelo nokubambisana.
Ukubheka phambili; Intuthuko Yekusasa
Uhambo oluya ekuqiniseni indawo ye-Schengen alugcini lapha. I-European Travel Information and Authorization System (Etias) izodlala indima ekuthuthukiseni izinyathelo zokuphepha. Kulindeleke ukuthi iqale ukusebenza maphakathi no-2025 u-Etias uzohlola abahambi ngaphandle kokudinga i-visa esebenza njengesandulela sokufika kwabo e-EU. Ukwengeza, izinhlelo ziyaqhubeka zokuqinisa i-EU Border kanye ne-Coast Guard Agency nethimba labaqaphi basemngceleni abayi-10,000 ngo-2027 elibonisa ukuzibophezela ekuthuthukiseni ukuphepha kweYurophu eminyakeni ezayo.
Njengoba sizulazula kunethiwekhi yendawo ye-Schengen ukubaluleka kwayo kuba sobala; ingaphezu kwesifunda sendawo; imele izindinganiso ezihlanganyelwe, ukubambisana kanye nokuphishekela okungaguquki kweYurophu ebumbene ebungaza ukuhlukahluka. Ngakho-ke imingcele mayinyamalale njengoba uhambo olusha luqala ngaphakathi kwalo mqondo we-Schengen.
