The European Convention of Human Rights, inodonongodza kodzero dzekodzero nerusununguko dzisingambotyorwi neNyika, idzo dzakatsigira Chibvumirano. Idzi dzinosanganisira kodzero dzakadai se: kodzero youpenyu kana kuti kurambidzwa kutambudzwa, kodzero yokusununguka nokuchengeteka, uye kodzero yokuremekedza upenyu hwepachivande uye hwemhuri.
Chibvumirano chinopa nheyo yepamutemo yakafanana inobvumira kunzwisiswa kwakafanana kwekodzero dzevanhu kumunhu wose pasinei nenyika ipi muEurope munhu anogara, uye kunyange kana nyika idzi dzisingagoverani tsika dzezvematongerwo enyika, dzemutemo kana dzemagariro evanhu.
Yakanyorwa mumakore mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri
Chibvumirano chakaumbwa uye chakanyorwa mumakore mushure meHondo Yenyika Yechipiri kudzivirira vanhu kubva mukushungurudzwa kwenyika dzavo, kugadzira chivimbo pakati pevanhu nehurumende uye kubvumidza nhaurirano pakati penyika.
Europe nepasirese zvakazara zvakasimukira kubva 1950, zvese tekinoroji uye maererano nemaonero emunhu uye nemagariro ekuvaka. Nekuchinja kwakadai kwemakumi manomwe emakore apfuura, mikaha muzvinhu zvakapfuura uye kushaikwa kwekufanoona mukuumbwa kwezvimwe zvinyorwa muChibvumirano kunopa matambudziko pakuona nekudzivirira kodzero Dzevanhu munyika yanhasi.
Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, European Convention yaifanira kushanduka. Yagara ichidzokororwa, uye maprotocol matsva akawedzerwa kuwedzera huwandu hwekodzero dzevanhu, kutora maonero ekuchinja munharaunda, kusanganisira nyaya dzine chekuita nehunyanzvi hutsva, bioethics kana nharaunda, asiwo dzimwe nyaya dzatinoona seyakajairika. sekuchengetedzwa kwemidziyo, kodzero yesarudzo dzakasununguka kana rusununguko rwokufamba.
Vagadziri vakagadzira zvinyorwa zveEuropean Convention vakadzidziswa uye vakashandiswa munguva iyo Kodzero dzevanhu dzakanga dzisati dzave pakati pekuita mutemo uye muenzaniso wemagariro evanhu. Ndosaka zvaive zvakafanira kuigadzira pakutanga. Yaifanira kubvumirana mune zvematongerwo enyika munyika yakanga ichangopfuura nemuhondo dzenyika mbiri, uye yakatarisana nematambudziko mazhinji uye mune dzimwe nguva nyika idzi dzingave dzisati dzagadzirira zvakakwana kodzero dzevanhu.
Zvinhu zvitsva zvechokwadi nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji uye maitiro emagariro
Kubva pakavhurwa Chibvumirano ichi kuti chisayinwe muna 1950 pave paine shanduko huru yemafungiro kuzvinhu zvakaita sechirango cherufu uye rusarura nekuda kwevakadzi nekuremara. Uyezve, European Convention inofanirawo kushandiswa maererano nezvinhu zvakanga zvisipo muna 1950, zvakadai semashandisirwo akawandisa ekuchengetedza makamera (anozivikanwa seCCTV) panzvimbo dzevanhu uye muzvitoro, in vitro fertilization (IVF), internet, zvakasiyana-siyana. kufambira mberi mune zvokurapa, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.
Dare reEuropean Court of Human Rights, sangano guru repamutemo reKanzuru ye Europe iyo inodudzira European Convention uye kutonga pamusoro penyaya dzine chekuita nekushandiswa kwayo kana kushaikwa kwayo muhupenyu chaihwo kana yaunzwa pamberi payo, yakatonga pazvinhu zvakawanda zvemagariro sekubvisa nhumbu, kubatsira kuzviuraya, kutsvaga muviri, huranda hwemumba, kupfeka zviratidzo zvechitendero. muzvikoro, kuchengetedzwa kwezvinyorwa zvevatapi venhau uye kuchengetwa kwedata reDNA.
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kutsoropodzwa kwakamutswa mukurwisana neEuropean Convention, uye kunyanya kududzirwa kwayo, kuti kwakawedzera “kupfuura zvaifungwa nevakaumba Chibvumirano pavakainyorera.” Zvikumbiro zvakadaro kazhinji zvakasimudzwa nezvimwe zvikamu zveConservative, asi mukuongorora izvi zvinoonekwa kuti zvakarasika uye zvinoratidza kunzwisisa kudiki kwemaitirwo nekududzirwa kwemitemo.
Kupokana kwe“kurwira kodzero dzevanhu” kweEuropean Court of Human Rights, uko muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki kwakavakirwa pamutongo chaiwo une mubvunzo weDare, kunowanzo tsvakwa kunyaya uko mumhan’ari asingabvumirani nemutongo wacho kwete chokwadi. Dare racho riri kuturikira chimwe chikamu cheEuropean Convention maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu emazuva ano, kusanganisira mimwe mitemo yepasi rose yekodzero dzevanhu.
Kurapa European Convention se“chiridzwa chipenyu” kunokosha kana mutemo uchienderana nekuchinja uku, uye kodzero dzevanhu dzine revo dzinofanira kuramba dziripo. Chibvumirano cheEuropean Convention chinofanira kuva 'chishandiso chipenyu' sezvo nyika inochinja, isingachinji mafungiro ezviri Kodzero Dzevanhu.
