Chibvumirano cheKuvamba cheRome cha1957 chakapa simba kuEuropean Commission, semuchengeti weChibvumirano, kutora matanho ekutyora Nyika dzeMasangano nekuona kutyora zvisungo zveChibvumirano chadzo. Yakapa zvakare kuti kana Dare reJustice rikamisa kutadza kuzadzisa chisungo, Nyika yenhengo yaifanira kutora matanho anodiwa kutevedzera mutongo weDare.
Zvichida nekuda kwetarisiro yakatenderedza chibvumirano cheChibvumirano chenhoroondo, vakasaina havana kufanoona kudikanwa kwemamwe matanho ekuona kuti Nhengo dzeNyika dzinoremekedza zvakatongwa neDare Rezvemitemo. Zvakaitika zvaiva zvokuratidza kuti tariro yakadaro yakanga isina kururama uye kuti mamwe matanho akanga ari madikanwa. Nekudaro, muChibvumirano cheMaastricht hurongwa hutsva hwakaunzwa kuitira kuti Komisheni ikwanise kutora nyaya dzekuteedzera dzekusateedzera mitongo yekutyorwa kwekare, uye Dare riteme chirango chemari kuNhengo dzeNhengo apo rakaona kuti Komisheni yakaratidza case.
Matanho aya, kunyanya kana akatorwa pamwe chete, anoita seakakwana kugadzirisa kutyorwa kwemutemo weEU. Kuti Komisheni yaifanira kudzokera padanho rekutanga uye kutanga hurongwa hutsva hwekutyora mutongo wedanho rechipiri hazvina kufanoona muzvirongwa izvi. Asi, izvi ndizvo chaizvo zvakaitika panyaya yerusaruro rwakatora nguva refu pamusoro pevadzidzisi vemitauro yekunze (Lettori) mumayunivhesiti eItaly, nemitengo yese yevanhu inobatanidzwa.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akonzera mamiriro ezvinhu aya akashata akatsanangurwa mune zvinyorwa zvekare The European Times. Muchidimbu, muna 2006 Komisheni yakakunda mhosva yekumanikidza C-119/04, iyo yakanga yatora kuItaly kuti isaite a 2001 kukanganisa kutonga yeDare Rezvemitemo. Nekureva kwayo, mhosva yekutanga yekutyora yakatorwa kuti isaite iyo 2 Allué mitongo yeDare, yekutanga yakaitika muna 1989.
Munyaya yepamusoro-soro yeC-119/04 Komisheni yakanga yadaidzira kuisirwa faindi yezuva nezuva ye309,750 paItaly nekuda kwekuenderera kwayo kusarura kune Lettori. Italy yakaunza mutemo weminiti yekupedzisira 2004 uchipa iyo Lettori kuvakazve kwebasa kubva pazuva rekutanga basa richireva parameter yemuongorori wenguva pfupi kana zvirinani paramita. Richifunga kuti mitemo yemutemo inogona, kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, kugadzirisa rusarura, Dare rakabvisa faindi dzakakurudzirwa.
Mukutevera tsamba neKomisheni mumashure memutongo wa2006, Italy yakavimbisa Komisheni kuti zvirevo zvemutemo wa2004 zvaive, uye zvaizoramba zvichishandiswa zvizere. Pahwaro hweizvi "kuvimbiswa kwakasimba", ipapo Commissioner weBasa, Zvemagariro uye Nemikana Yakaenzana. Vladimír Špidla, yakaziviswa mu kuburitswa kwenhau kwa2007 kuti Komisheni yakanga ichivhara mhosva yayo yekutyora Italy.
Kukosha kwe "kuvimbiswa kwakasimba" uku kwakaratidzwa nechisarudzo cheKomisheni chakatevera kuzarura nzira yekufambisa ndege (nzira yakaunzwa kugadzirisa kusawirirana nenhengo dzenhengo uye kudzivirira kupindira kwekukanganisa) kuItaly muna 2011. Semakore gumi akatevera izvi. hurongwa hwehumiriri hwakatadza kuzadzisa chinangwa chayo, Komisheni yakavhura matanho ekutyora mutemo kuItaly munaGunyana 2021 nekuda kwekusaitwa kwemutongo we2006.
Kana vimbiso dzakapihwa kumashure muna 2007 dzekutevedzwa kwemutongo weDare ra2006 dzaipesana nebasa rekubatana kwekuvimbika kwakaiswa kuNhengo dzeNyika mukubata kwadzo neKomisheni, ipapo maitiro eItaly panguva yekutyora kuri kuita danho rekuita. kutonga kwakadaro zvakafanana. Mune yayo Gunyana 2021 mupepanhau vachizivisa kuvhurwa kwenyaya dzekutyora mutemo, Komisheni yakapa Italy mwedzi miviri kuti itore matanho ekutevedzera mutongo we2006 weDare reJustice. Kunyangwe yakapihwa yakakosha nguva yenyasha, Italy haina kutora matanho akakwana. Kuenda kune yakafungwa pfungwa nhanho muna Ndira 2022, Komisheni mune yechipiri yayo mupepanhau yenyaya yacho yakayambira Italy kuti ikozvino yave nemwedzi miviri yekubhadhara zvakagadziriswa nekuda kweLettori kuti irege kuzoendesa nyaya yacho kuDare reJustice.
Mwedzi mina mushure mavo kuratidzwa muna Zvita wapfuura, Lettori akaungana zvakare musi weChina kunze kwemahofisi eGurukota reMayunivhesiti, Anna Maria Bernini kuti apikisane nenyaya yekuti misha yakadanwa mukufunga kwakange isina kuitwa. Iri kuruboshwe rwebhangi reTiber, mahofisi eGurukota ari mukati mekufamba kuri nyore kweCampidoglio kubhangi rekurudyi. Sezvo FLC CGIL, mubatanidzwa mukuru weItaly, wakanyatso cherechedzwa munguva pfupi yapfuura tsamba yakavhurika kuna Minister Bernini, iyi ndiyo nzvimbo iyo kodzero yekuenzaniswa kwekurapwa yakasimbiswa sechikamu cheChibvumirano chekare cheRoma.
Kuisa kodzero yekuenzana kwekurapwa mumamiriro ezvinhu ekodzero dzevanhu vose vekuEurope, Komisheni inotaura kuti kodzero "zvichida ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pasi pemutemo wenharaunda, uye chinhu chinokosha chekugara kweEurope". Mumwe mukuru weKomisheni ari kunze kwehofisi yeMinister for Universities nemusi weChina angadai akaona kuungana kwaLettori kubva kunhengo dzese dzeEU, vachiratidzira vachiti vari kunyimwa kodzero iyi. Iwo mapepa echokwadi akagoverwa naava Letttori angadai akazivisa mukuru uyu nezvekuti rusarura rwunoenderera sei kunyangwe mana akajeka-akachekwa parity yemubhadharo weDare reJustice mumutsara wehutongi hunobva kune seminal. Allué achitonga of 1989. Naizvozvo, hapana Lettori aripo pakuratidzira akamboshanda pasi pemamiriro ekurapa anofanirwa kuve otomatiki pasi peChibvumirano.
Mukutyorwa kwenyaya vamhan'ari, kunyange hazvo vasina kupindirana nezviri kuitika, vanokwanisa kubatsira kumafaira enyaya dzeKomisheni uye nekuisa mari. Mumhan'ari, Asso.CEL.L, "La Sapienza" yeRome yakavakirwa mubatanidzwa wevashandi, nerubatsiro rwemubatanidzwa mukuru weItaly wevashandi, FLC CGIL, vakaita Census yenyika yese yevakabatsirwa nemutongo wa2006, kureba kwesevhisi, uye. maparamita emuongorori wenguva-pfupi kana zvirinani parameter yakakodzera kuvakwazve kwemabasa. Kubva kubhangi re data iri sangano rinoshanda rinogona kuita zvigadziro nekuda kweLettori mumavhiki mashoma.
Kutsinhana pakati peNhengo dzeNyika neKomisheni ndekwakavanzika mukutyora mitemo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, iyo Lettori haizive kuti Italy inofunga kuita sei kune Komisheni yekupedzisira yekubhadhara zvakagadziriswa pasi pemutemo we2006. Hungwaru hwakapenya kubva kumayunivhesiti emuno manejimendi anoratidza kuti zviremera zveItaly zvichaedza kukoshesa pekugara pahwaro hwemutemo unopokana weGelmini we2011.
Mutemo weGelmini, wakadzikwa makore mashanu mushure mekutonga kweDare reJustice, unoda kududzira mutongo iwoyo. Kunze kwehushingi hwekuita mutemo kududzira mutongo wedare repamusoro reEuropean Union, kuverengwa kweGelmini kwemutongo uyu kuri kupesana nemitongo yakapihwa nematare emuno emuItaly mukati menguva pakati pemutongo weDare reJustice uye zuva rekutongwa. kuitwa kweGelmini pachayo. Nepo iyi mitongo yedare renzvimbo iyi yakapa vamhan'ari veLettori kuvakwazve kwebasa kusingapindiki kubva pazuva rekutanga basa, mutemo weGelmini unoganhurira kuvaka patsva makore 1995 asati asvika- muganho usina kwawakatemwa mumutongo weDare. Chimwe chikanganiso chiri pachena chemutemo ndechekuti mazwi awo haagone kupa arithmetically mamiriro ekupedzisira emutongo wa2006.
Kana Italy ikafunga kushandisa zvirevo zvemutemo weGelmini, izvi zvinogona kuita kuti Komisheni iendese nyaya yacho kuDare Rezvemitemo. Kuita kune tarisiro iyi kwakasanganiswa pakati pevaratidziri kunze kwemahofisi eGurukota Bernini. Nepo vamwe Lettori vachitambira dudziro yeDare rekuti Gelmini akaturikira sei mutongo weDare muna 2006, vamwe vakanongedzera kunyaya yekuti izvi zvaizorebesa kutongwa kwemhosva nemamwe makore maviri.
Kurt Rollin, aimbova mudzidzisi pa "La Sapienza" University yeRome, mumiriri weAsso.CEL.L weLettori akarega basa. Achitaura kunze kwehofisi yaMinister Bernini akati:
“Komisheni inoona kuti kuenzana kwemabatirwo ndiyo kodzero yakakosha pasi peChibvumirano. Zvakadaro serekodhi inoratidza Italy yakanyima kodzero iyi kubva kuna Lettori kwemakumi emakore. Muzvido zvevagari vekuEurope hurongwa huripo hwemasangano hunoda kuchinjwa kuitira kuti Nyika dzeNhengo dzisingachinji dzisazoregeredza kodzero dzeChibvumirano zvachose. "
