Kwiminyaka emininzi ngaphambi kwenguquko yaseKhomeini, kwakukho iintlanganiso eziqhubekayo phakathi kweenkokeli zase-Iranian kunye no-Hassan Al-Banna, umseki we-Muslim Brotherhood.
UAl-Banna ubeka ilitye lesiseko kubudlelwane boBuzalwane kunye namaShiite
Waba ngowokuqala ukubeka ilitye lesiseko le-"Brotherhood-Shiite Convergence" ngo-1947 ngeenzame zokusondeza amaSunni namaShiites kunye, ngentetho yakhe edumileyo awathi wayinikela ngexesha lotyelelo lwegqiza le-Iranian Shiite kwikomkhulu lelizwe. Iziko Jikelele loBuzalwane bamaSilamsi kwaye libandakanya igqwetha lamaShiite "uMuhammad Taqi al-Qummy." Wathi, Yazini ukuba amaSunni namaShiite ngamaSilamsi adityaniswe ligama elithi “Akukho thixo wumbi ngaphandle koThixo, uMuhammad nguMthunywa kaThixo.”
Sayyid Qutb kunye nenguquko yamaShiite
Ngokuphathelele u-Sayyid Qutb, othanda uthando olukhulu kunye nokuthandwa kakhulu e-Iran, oku kubangele ukuba azame ukungenelela ekuphakamiseni umthi entanyeni yakhe emva kokuba kuwiswe isigwebo sentambo kwityala elaziwa ngokuba yi-1965 Special Organisation, eyayiceba amaphulo abanqolobi. nguQutb Islam kwaye wamgqala njengesiseko sethiyori yokusekwa kweLizwe lamaSilamsi kunye nobume boluntu lwamaSilamsi, njengoko ngaphambili bekukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwama-Irani kunye neSayyid Qutb.
Ngaphezu koko, iincwadi zikaSayyid Qattat, ngakumbi ezithi “In the Shadow of the Quran”, zezona ncwadi zisasazwe kakhulu eIran emva kohlaziyo. Oku kwakungeyokuqala ukuba "iMilestones kwiNdlela" yaya e-Iran ngelixa icinezela iinyawo zayo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, yaya apho emva kowe-1966, xa yagqitywayo. Le ncwadi yashicilelwa eBeirut, yaye le ncwadi yayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaShiite, ngoko akukho bani waziyo ngencwadi eyapapashwa ngumbhali wamaSunni eyayixhaphake ngolu hlobo.
Udumileyo kwilizwe lamaShiite, kanye njengoKhomeini, kwimbono yakhe yokugada igqwetha, kwaye kwincwadi yakhe ethi “The Islamic Government” wachukunyiswa yimbono kaSayyid Qutb “yolawulo”, kwaye ngo-1966, uSayyid Ali Khamenei, inkokeli. weRiphabhlikhi yaseIran, umfundi kaKhomeini, owayekwangumfundi ogqwesileyo kaNawab Safavi, owayesaziwa ngobudlelwane bakhe obusondeleyo noBuzalwane, uKhamenei waguqulela incwadi kaSayyid Qutb ethi “Ikamva lale nto. inkolo” kwisiPersi.
Wabhala intshayelelo yoguqulo evuza iimvakalelo ezinzulu, apho wachaza u-Sayyid Qutb njengengcinga ye-mujahid, kwaye urhulumente waseJiphutha wambulala uQutb ngezityholo zokuseka umbutho ojolise ekubulaweni kukaGamal Abdel Nasser kunye nokubhukuqwa kolawulo ngu. amandla, awavumayo uQutb kwileta awayibhala ngaphambi kokuxhonywa kwakhe enesihloko esithi "Kutheni bandibulala? Ukuba inkolo yindlela yokuphila, nokuba izithethe zayo azinamsebenzi ngaphandle kokuba zivakalisa iinyaniso zayo, iye yangqinwa ngendlela emangalisayo nenenjongo yokuba ihlabathi liya kusingise kwisigidimi sethu nakwikamva lale nkolo.
Inkxaso yobuzalwana kwinguquko yamaKhomein
Ubuzalwana babuxhasa ngamandla uvukelo-mbuso lwamaKhomein eIran laza lahlanganisa uqhanqalazo olwaluchasene nokwamkelwa kongasekhoyo uMongameli uAnwar Sadat kwiShah yaseIran, laza laxhasa i-Iran kumlo wayo nxamnye neIraq.”
Ngoxa i-Muslim Brotherhood yabona iRiphabhlikhi yamaSilamsi ngo-1979 njengoloyiso lombono wabo kunye norhulumente wokuqala wamaSilamsi ukususela ekuweni kwe-Ottoman Caliphate, i-Muslim Brotherhood ixhase i-Revolution yamaSilamsi e-Iran ukususela ekusekweni kwayo ngenxa yokuba yayichasene nolawulo luka-Shah. UReza Pahlavi, owayezimanya notshaba lwamaZiyoni. I-Iran iphinda ithathele ingqalelo ukuthunyelwa kwe revolution yi-Muslim Brotherhood njengempumelelo.
Emva kokuba uKhomeini elawula e-Iran nge-11 kaFebruwari 1979, enye yeenqwelomoya zokuqala ukufika kwisikhululo seenqwelomoya saseTehran yayithwele abathunywa ababemele ubunkokeli bombutho wehlabathi wamaMuslim Brotherhood. yena njengoCaliph wamaSilamsi ukuba wamkela ingxelo epapashiweyo ethi “ukuba ingxabano ngoBumam ngexesha lamaQela ngumcimbi wezopolitiko, hayi ukholo”. UKhomeini walinda waza wabathembisa impendulo kamva, kwaye xa umgaqo-siseko omtsha weRiphabhlikhi yamaSilamsi yase-Iran wabhengezwa, othi “imfundiso kaJa'fari yimfundiso esemthethweni… kwaye ukugadwa kommeli ngummeli we-Imam eyimfihlo. ”, impendulo kaKhomeini yayicacile.
Nangona kunjalo, i-Muslim Brotherhood e-Egypt iqhubekile nokuxhasa ulawulo olutsha lwase-Iranian kwaye iququzelele imiboniso emikhulu malunga nokusingatha kukaMongameli Sadat we-Shah yase-Iran e-Egypt, emva koko ixhasa i-Iran kwimfazwe yayo yokulwa ne-Iraq kunye nakumagazini we-Crescent. Umkhokeli jikelele weli qela, uOmar al-Telmisani, uthi: “Akukho mntu ndimaziyo weMuslim Brotherhood ehlabathini ohlasela iIran. Into engaphandle koku yayilisebe loBuzalwana baseSyria, elalisandul’ ukuvela kwingxwabangxwaba ekrakra (1979-1982) nolawulo lwaseSyria oluhlangene neIran, nangona lwalungekho semthethweni, kodwa ngokwamazwi yenye yeenkokeli zoBuzalwane eSyria. USheikh Saeed Hawa.
Wathi akusweleka uKhomeini ngomhla we-4 kuJuni ka-1989, uMkhokheli Jikelele we-Muslim Brotherhood, u-Hamid Abu Al-Nasr, wapapasha ingxelo yomngcwabo eyayiquka la mazwi alandelayo: 'I-Muslim Brotherhood ibala ukufa kwe-Islam, u-Imam Khomeini, inkokeli eyadubula i-Islamic Brotherhood. revolution nxamnye oozwilakhe noThixo. Ngexesha lika-Ali Khamenei, owaba "yiNkokeli" emva kokufa kukaKhomeini, iingcamango zikaSayyid Qutb zafundiswa kwizikolo zoqeqesho lwe-ideological (I-Iranian Revolutionary Guards), kunye nefuthe labasemagunyeni bezenkolo ezifana no-Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, umfundisi wokomoya ka-Ahmadinejad, kwavela kwakhona. Ufihla indlela amncoma ngayo uSayyid Qutb kunye nempembelelo yakhe kuye.
Ukufana kweengcamango phakathi koBuzalwane kunye namaShiites
Indlela yobukrelekrele iyafana phakathi koBuzalwane kunye neenkokeli zenguqu yamaKhomeinist, kungoko kukho inkolelo yobukho jikelele bomyalezo wokukholelwa kuThixo omnye. Ukuba iSilamsi kuphela kwendlela eya kubomi obonwabisayo kunye nenkolelo yobuninzi bezimvo kunye nobuninzi bamaqela ngesiseko senkululeko yokucinga kunye nokubonakalisa kwiSilamsi. Omabini la macala abelana ngombono weziphumo zohlaselo lomkhosi waseNtshona kwilizwe lamaSilamsi, kwaye alukhokeleli kuphela kulawulo lomkhosi, lwezopolitiko nolwezoqoqosho kumazwe angamaSilamsi, kodwa luye lwavelisa utyekelo oluqinileyo kuluntu lwamaSilamsi ngokubhekiselele kwiNtshona yengcinga, inkcubeko, ubomi bentlalo kunye ne-fundamentalism, ebona ukuba kukho indawo yokuqala eyimvelaphi, kwaye ixesha libe yinkqubo yokuphambuka kuyo, kwaye amaSilamsi kufuneka abuyele kuyo. Impucuko ethanda izinto eziphathekayo nesemva ngokomoya.
Ngokuphathelele iiyantlukwano, zilinganiselwe kwiiyantlukwano phakathi kwazo kumxholo we-Islam, okuyiSunni, umxholo uhambelana ne-Al-Banna, umxholo nguShiite eKhomeini, kwaye kukho inkqubela phambili ekufezekiseni injongo ngokutsho kwe-Al-Banna. I-Muslim Brotherhood ayihambelani nombono kaKhomeini wokuba iNtshona yaseMelika nguSathana Omkhulu ngokunxulumene neSoviet Union, nangona bevumelana ngobutshaba babo kuzo zombini.
Umphengululi uGqirha Ishaq Musa Al-Husseini, owayelilungu le-Arabic Language Academy eCairo de wasweleka ngo-1990, kwaye wayekwalilungu le-Iraqi Scientific Academy, ukongeza kwilungu le-Islamic Research Academy, wabhala. lo mphengululi ubalaseleyo kwincwadi yakhe edumileyo ethi “The Muslim Brotherhood. Eyona ntshukumo ibalaseleyo. UbuSilamsi banamhlanje” yathi ubuhlobo babuphakathi kwamaMuslim Brotherhood namaShiites. Ngenene, amaShiite ayebugqala uBuzalwana bamaSilamsi njengesebe lamasebe awo nesithethi solwimi lwawo phakathi kwesizwe samaSunni, yaye oko wakuthethayo ngalo mba yayikukuba “Abanye abafundi abangamaShiite ababefunda eYiputa bazibandakanya noBuzalwana bamaSilamsi, yaye iyaziwa. . Amaqela amaMuslim Brotherhood eIraq ayequka amaShiite amaninzi alishumi elinesibini angama-Imami.” Xa abameli beSafavi baya eSyria badibana noGqr Mustafa al-Sibai, umakhi-mkhanyo jikelele we-Muslim Brotherhood apho, wakhalaza kuye ukuba amanye amaShiite aselula ajoyina imibutho yehlabathi kunye nelizwe, ngoko ke abameli baya kwenye yeepulpiti. Wathi kwinginginya yolutsha lwamaShiite nolwamaSunni: “Nabani na ofuna ukuba yiJaafari yokwenyani makajoyine iMuslim Brotherhood.
I-Muslim Brotherhood inikezela ngeYiputa kwi-Iran emva kokuthatha
Emva kwenguqu kaJanuwari, apho ama-Irani ayibona njengemodeli entsha yoguquko lwamaSilamsi, ngakumbi ngokunyuka kweembono zezopolitiko zamaSilamsi, kube yingozi kwisazisi sesizwe, kunye nokunyuka kwamandla oBuzalwane, ama-Irani. bazama ukuqinisa ubudlelwane babo kunye noBuzalwane, kwaye ngexesha lolawulo loBuzalwane, uQassem Soleimani, umphathi we-Al-Quds Force kwi-Guards, watyelela i-Iranian revolutionary eYiputa kwaye wadibana neenkokheli ezininzi ze-Brotherhood for rapprochement phakathi koBuzalwane kunye ne-Iran.
Emva kokuba iMuslim Brotherhood ithathe amandla ngokuphumelela kukaMongameli u-Mohamed Morsi kunyulo luka-2012, eli qela laqala uthotho lokuseka ubudlelwane kunye nobudlelwane kunye ne-Iran. UMorsi uthathe ithuba lengqungquthela ye-Non-Aligned Movement ngo-Agasti ka-2012, emva kweminyaka engama-35 yekhefu kubudlelwane obusemthethweni baseIran, phakathi kobushushu obugqithisileyo baseIran kumongameli weMuslim Brotherhood kunye nokwamkelana ngokufudumeleyo phakathi kukaMorsi Ahmadinejad, kodwa iMuslim Brotherhood yoyika umsindo odumileyo. kwi-Iranian Shiites yayibakhathaza.
Kwakhona inika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba Brotherhood Muslim wazama ukuxhamla kubuchwephesha Iranian Revolutionary Guards waza wamisela umzekelo eYiputa ukukhusela umongameli owagxothwayo Mohamed Morsi, kodwa babuyela phantsi phakathi kokunganeliseki okukhulu ethandwayo kwaye wala ingcamango ngokupheleleyo.
Yintoni eyenzekayo namhlanje phakathi kweQatar kunye ne-Iran ayibalulekanga, ukwazi ukuba iQatar ibisoloko ixhasa kwaye ixhasa uBuzalwane bamaSulumane, ngakumbi iYurophu.
Iza kuqhubeka ….
