Iingcali ze-Bioarchaeologists ziye zahlola kwakhona ukutya kwe-Paleo yabantu amathambo abo afunyenwe kwiindawo zokuqala ze-Neolithic eGrisi, kwaye bafumanisa ukuba ukutya kwabo kuqulethwe kukutya kwezityalo, umlinganiselo owawusuka kwi-58.7 ukuya kwi-70.1 ekhulwini. Oku kusezantsi ngokubonakalayo kuneyabantu abavela kwindawo endala ye-Anatolian ye-Neval-Chori, apho iimveliso zezilwanyana zibalelwa kuphela malunga neshumi leepesenti lokutya. Iingcali zenzululwazi zaqaphela ukuba uqoqosho lwe-Neolithic yabemi baseGrisi lwaluguquguqukayo: ukukhula ngokuthe ngcembe kwemfuyo kwakuhamba kunye nokugcinwa kokuzingela. Oku kuchazwe kwinqaku elipapashwe kwi-Journal ye-Archaeological Science: Iingxelo.
Inkqubo yokuguquka ukusuka ekulungelelaniseni uqoqosho oluvelisayo (i-Neolithic Revolution) yenye yezinto eziguqukayo kwimbali yoluntu. Ukwenziwa kwasekhaya kwezityalo eziziinkozo kwaqala kungadlulanga inkulungwane ye-10 yeXesha lethu Eliqhelekileyo kumaziko aliqela eFertile Crescent, ukusuka apho olu hlobo lokulima lwasasazeka kulo lonke elaseMbindi Mpuma naseYurophu. Kungekudala apho, abantu baqala inkqubo yokufuya i-mouflon yase-Asia (Ovis gmelini), ibhokhwe ye-bezoar (Capra aegagrus) kunye ne-primitive tur (Bos primigenius). Ulimo lweza eYurophu ngabaphambukeli abavela e-Anatolia, abathi bashiya uninzi lwabemi balapho. Ngaloo ndlela, i-neolithization yaseGrisi yaqala malunga ne-6800 BC, kwaye malunga neminyaka engama-5000 eyadlulayo le nkqubo yagqitywa phantse kwilizwekazi lonke.
UGisela Grupe, kunye noogxa baseYunivesithi yaseMunich, baphinde baphonononga iziphumo zohlalutyo lwe-isotopes ezizinzileyo zekhabhoni kunye ne-nitrogen kwi-collagen yamathambo, ezafunyanwa ngexesha lokufunda iintsalela zabantu abadala be-Neolithic. Ezi datha zibhekisela kwiindawo ezintlanu zokuqala ze-Neolithic Greek: Mavropigi (6600-6000 BC), Theopetra (6500-4000 BC), Xirolimni (6100 BC), Alepotripa (6000-3200 BC) kunye noFranhti (6000-3000 BC). Izifundo ze-Paleobotanical kunye ne-paleozoological zezi ndawo zicebisa ukuba ukutya kwabemi bendawo kwakusekelwe kwizityalo ze-C3. Umthombo owongezelelweyo wokutya yayiyinyama yezilwanyana zasekhaya, ngaphantsi rhoqo - zasendle. Ukongeza, kwiindawo ezimbini zokugqibela, ukutya kukwabandakanya iimolluscs zaselwandle kunye neentlanzi. Ukuthelekisa, izazinzulu zoba idatha evela kwindawo ye-Anatolian ye-Nevaly-Chori, enye yezona ndawo zindala ze-Neolithic yangaphambili ye-ceramic (malunga ne-8420-7470 BC).
I-Bioarchaeologists yabika ukuba abemi baseNevala-Chori bafumana iprotheni ngokusetyenziswa kwezityalo zeC3 (87 ekhulwini). Eminye imithombo yeprotheyini yayizezasendle (amabhadi: 0–9.5 ekhulwini, amaxhama abomvu: 1.5–3 ekhulwini) yaye zafuywa (0–11.1 ekhulwini). Ngokomyinge, ukutya kwaba bantu kwakuquka ishumi leepesenti lokutya kwenyama. Ngabantu abahlanu kuphela, ngokujonga amaxabiso e-nitrogen isotopes, batye iprotheni yezilwanyana ezininzi. Abantu abavela kwiindawo zeMavropegy kunye neTheopetra baphila ngokutya okufanayo, okuthe, ngokutsho kwezazinzulu, akumangalisi ngenxa yendawo yezi zikhumbuzo kunye nexesha lobukho. Ngaloo ndlela, abemi baseMavropegy badla ngokutya izityalo ze-C3 (i-69.4 ekhulwini), inyama ye-roe deer (i-14.6 ekhulwini), iigusha neebhokhwe (i-8.4 ekhulwini) kunye neenkomo (i-7.5 ekhulwini). Abantu baseTheopetra batya izityalo ezincinci zeC3 (i-61.1 ekhulwini), kodwa ukutya okuninzi kwenyama, ngokukodwa ngenxa yokwanda kwenani lezilwanyana ezifuywayo (i-31.6 ekhulwini). Izazinzulu aziphumelelanga ukwakha imodeli yesikhumbuzo Xirolimni.
Uphononongo lwezikhumbuzo eziselunxwemeni lukhokelele kwiziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Ngaloo ndlela, abantu base-Alepotripa badla ngokuyininzi izityalo ze-C3 (i-58.7 ekhulwini), inyama yezilwanyana ezifuywayo (i-29.2 ekhulwini) kunye nenyamazane (i-12 ekhulwini). Nangona iintlanzi neentlanzi zaselwandle zisenokuba zaziqukiwe ekutyeni, igalelo eliphuma kulo mthombo wokutya laliphantsi, lisusela kwisi-0 ukusa kwisi-2.5 ekhulwini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukusetyenziswa kweentlanzi zolwandle (tuna) kwakubonakala ngokucacileyo kwisikhumbuzo sikaFranhti (i-6 ekhulwini). Noko ke, nalapho, owona mthombo wokudla wawuzizityalo (ama-70.1 ekhulwini), kunye nenyama yegusha nebhokhwe (i-11.9 ekhulwini) namaxhama (i-12.2 ekhulwini).
Iingcali ze-Bioarchaeologists zagqiba ukuba kuzo zonke iindawo ezifundwayo, ukutya kwansuku zonke kwakuquka izityalo ze-C3 - i-cereals zasendle kunye nezifuywayo. Umntu omnye kuphela ovela e-Anatolia wadla inani elikhulu lezityalo ze-C4 kwaye, ngokucacileyo, wayengumfuduki. Ubungqina obuvela kwezona zikhumbuzo zindala bubonisa ukuba abantu bokuqala be-Neolithic babehlala ngokutya kwemifuno. Uqoqosho lokuziphilisa lwaba bantu luye lwatshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe ngenxa yokwanda kwegalelo lokutya kwenyama, kwaye inyama yezilwanyana yatshintshwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngemveliso yemfuyo yasekhaya. Abaphengululi baye bagxininisa ukuba inkalo ebalulekileyo yoqoqosho lweendawo zokuqala ze-Neolithic yayiguquguqukayo. Ngoko ke, abantu abazange bakulahle ngokupheleleyo ukuzingela, nto leyo eqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kwenyama namaxesha xa izilwanyana zasekhaya zafa, umzekelo, ngexesha lendyikitya yokufa.
Ifoto: Sidney Sebald et al. / Ijenali yeNzululwazi yezakudala: Iingxelo, ngo-2022
