Usuku lwamazwe ngamazwe lwabafuduki, ukuthutyeleziswa kwabantu ngokungekho mthethweni lulwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo lwehlabathi jikelele olubeka emngciphekweni ubomi nokhuseleko lwabaphambukeli.
Ubundlobongela, impatho-gadalala kunye nomngcipheko wokuxhatshazwa ziimpawu ezixhaphakileyo zolu lwaphulo-mthetho. Abaphambukeli abaninzi babulawa lunxano entlango, babhubhela elwandle, okanye bafuthaniseleke ezityeni.
Abarhwebi baxhaphaza abantu ababaleka ubuhlwempu, iintlekele zemvelo, ungquzulwano okanye intshutshiso, okanye ukungabikho kwamathuba omsebenzi namathuba emfundo, kodwa bengenalo ithuba lokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe ngokusemthethweni.
“Abaphambukeli abangekho mthethweni bajoliswa yimibutho yolwaphulo-mthetho njengemithombo elula yengeniso. Ke ngoko, ukulandela imali emva kokuthutyeleziswa kwabantu kwamanye amazwe kubalulekile ekulweni ulwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo. Ubume obufihlakeleyo bokuthutyeleziswa bubeka esichengeni ubomi babaphambukeli,” watsho uJohn Brandolino, uMlawuli weMicimbi yeSivumelwano kwiOfisi yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yeZiyobisi noLwaphulo-mthetho (UNODC).
Ukufuduka kwehlabathi isifundo yi-International Organisation for Migration (IOM) ibonisa ukuba bekukho abafuduki bezizwe ngezizwe abazizigidi ezingama-281 kwihlabathi ngo-2020, elilingana ne-3.6 yeepesenti yabemi behlabathi.
Idatha yakutsha nje malunga nokuba bangaphi abafuduki abathutyelwe ngokungekho mthethweni ayifumaneki, kodwa i-UNODC fu maneka ukuba ubuncinane be-2.5 yezigidi zabafuduki baye bathutyeleziswa ngo-2016 ngokusebenzisa i-30 yeendlela eziphambili zehlabathi zokuthutyela.
NgoNovemba ka-2000 i-UN yamkela i Protocol ngokuchasene nokuThutyeleziswa kwabaFudu ngokungekho mthethweni ngoMhlaba, uLwandle kunye noMoya, oyinxalenye yeNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo echasene noLwaphulo-mthetho oluQuquzelweyo lweZizwe.
Amazwe angama-151 athe avuma esi sivumelwano ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kufuneka aqinisekise ukuba ukuthutyeleziswa kwabantu kwamanye amazwe kukwaphula umthetho kwaye baphathe abantu abafudukayo ngokungekho mthethweni ngobuntu, bengabajongi njengabaphuli-mthetho. I-UNODC inceda la mazwe ngokuxhasa uphando lwezizwe ngezizwe malunga namakhonkco okuthutyeleziswa, kunye nokulandelwa kunye nokuhlutha imali engekho mthethweni yolu lwaphulo-mthetho.
Njengoko sisondela kumazwe ngamazwe Abafuduki Ngolu suku lwale Cawa, umhla we-18 kweyoMnga, i-UNODC irekhode iziphumo ezininzi eziyimpumelelo zenyathelo layo lokulwa ngokusebenzayo nothungelwano lolwaphulo-mthetho olubandakanyeka ekuthutyeleni abantu kwamanye amazwe.
Ngokomzekelo, i-UNODC incedise amagunya omthetho wezolwandle e-Caribbean ngokuqinisa iimpendulo zabo zengingqi kunye neempendulo zokufuduka, ngokugxila kwimisebenzi yokukhangela kunye nokuhlangula. Le nkxaso ibalulekile ukuba siqwalasela inani lemisebenzi kunye nabafuduki abathi amazwe abizwe ukuba aphendule.
Ngokomzekelo, ukususela ngoNovemba 2022, iDominican Republic iye yakhangela ize ihlangule abantu abafudukayo abayi-558 yaza yathimba nezikhephe eziyi-39 ezithubelezisa abantu ngokungekho mthethweni.
Ngokufanayo, ukususela ngoNovemba 2022, iTrinidad neTobago yenze imisebenzi ye-519 elwandle ekhokelela ekukhangelweni nasekuhlangulweni kwabafuduki be-151. Inkqubo ye-UNODC yeGlobal Maritime Crime Programme iphuhlise uqeqesho olusemgangathweni lwengingqi ekudibaneni neenqanawa zabafuduki elwandle kwaye yaseka iziko loqeqesho lommandla eTrinidad naseTobago ukuphucula imisebenzi enjalo kwiCaribbean. Ukongeza, ibonelele ngokufikelela kwitekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo zokuxhasa amazwe ukuba abone kwaye athintele ukuhamba kwabantu abafudukayo elwandle ngelixa ekhuthaza ukhuseleko lwamaqela omabini kunye nabafuduki.
Ngo-Okthobha ka-2022, i-UNODC kunye ne-IOM zaseka iqonga lentsebenziswano ye-interagency egxile ekubaleni ukuthutyeleziswa kwabantu abafudukayo phantsi kweNethiwekhi ye-UN yokuFuduka. Eli qonga likwabandakanya iKhomishini ePhakamileyo ye-UN yeeMbacu kunye nemibutho emithathu yoluntu njengamalungu.
Ngolu suku, ukuzibophelela kwe-UNODC ekukhuseleni ubomi bomfuduki kunye amalungelo abantu ngokujongana nokuthutyeleziswa kwabafuduki kuye kwaqinisekiswa kwakhona. Njengoko uBrandolino ephawula, "I-UNODC ikhuthaza kwaye ixhasa ukuchithwa kwamaqela olwaphulo-mthetho olucwangcisiweyo olubeka emngciphekweni ubomi babafuduki kwaye lubonise ukungahoywa kwamalungelo oluntu asisiseko. Ulwaphulo-mthetho lunokuthintelwa xa ukufuduka kuququzelelwa, kunokuba kuthintelwe. ”
Kule nyanga siza kubona ukuphehlelelwa kwengcaciso emfutshane ehlaziyiweyo ukuthutyeleziswa kwabantu kwamanye amazwe kunye nokurhweba ngabantu kwimeko yengxabano e-Ukraine. Uphando lwe-UNODC, nge-intanethi yalo I-UNODC Observatory kwi-Smuggling of Migrants, ivelisa idatha rhoqo kunye nohlaziyo lophando kunye nokuhlalutya kwimiba ephambili yokuthutyeleziswa.
nqakraza Apha uphando oluninzi lwe-UNODC malunga nokuthutyeleziswa kwabantu kwamanye amazwe kunye nendlela yokuyichasa, kuquka Uphononongo lwe-UNODC malunga nokuThutyeleziswa kwabafudukayo, isifundo sokuqala se-UNODC ngalo mbandela ubalulekileyo.
