Psychiatry - Inqaku lamva nje elinesihloko esithi "Ishishini elinomthunzi lokugula ngengqondo: indlela ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zengqondo e-US kuye kwanda kakhulu (El turbio negocio de las enfermedades mentales: así se disparó el consumo de psicofármacos en EEUU)" ipapashwe kwi-EL MUNDO nguDaniel Arjona Ngomhla woku-1 kuSeptemba 2023, ibonisa ukugxeka kwenguquko yokuxilongwa kunye nokunyangwa kwezigulo zengqondo e-United States kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo, into engeyiyo kuphela Scientologists bebesenza, kodwa eneneni, oku kuyaphandwa kwaye kubhenceka ngakumbi nangakumbi ziintatheli, oogqirha bezonyango, abalwela amalungelo oluntu kunye noogqirha bengqondo; Abanye bangatyhola iKomishoni yaBahlali yamaLungelo oLuntu, ngokuba nobuganga bakuthetha imilomo yabo ndlongondlongo (abanye bathi), kodwa Inkundla ithe amazwi abo kunye nokubhenca kwabo kukhuselwe ngumthetho.
Ngapha koko, ubuyela kwinqaku, umbhali uqaqambisa ummiselo okhulayo wamachiza e-psychotropic kunye nemibuzo ngobudlelwane phakathi kweenkampani zengqondo kunye neenkampani zamachiza (abanye bathetha ngomxube wengqondo kunye ne-pharmacocrazy). Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lwenqaku, ukucaphula iinxalenye ezifanelekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngengqiqo.
I-Psychiatry kunye noTshintsho kwiNkcazo yokuDakumba
Eli nqaku liqala ngokuzisa ingqalelo ekutshintsheni kwendlela ukudakumba okwachazwa ngayo yiAmerican Psychiatric Association (APA) emva phayaa ngowe-1980. Olu tshintsho luye lwavumela ukuba kufunyaniswe ukudakumba okusekelwe kwiimpawu ezibonwa kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukwanda kokuchongwa kokudakumba kunye nokunyuka komyalelo wamayeza afana ne-Xanax. Umbhali uthatha olu tshintsho njengenqaku lokuhlalutya ngakumbi.
Indima yeNcwadi yokuHlola kunye neNkcazo yoBalo lweZiphazamiso zengqondo (DSM)
Eli nqaku ligxininisa ukubaluleka kwe-Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ekuhleleni izifo kunye nefuthe layo ekukhuleni kokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi zengqondo. Ikhankanya incwadi enesihloko esithi “I-Psychiatry phantsi kweempembelelo” ibhalwe nguRobert Whitaker kunye noLisa Cosgrove, ephonononga ngokunzulu ubudlelwane phakathi kwengqondo kunye neshishini lamayeza. Ngokombhali, le ncwadi yavusa impikiswano, ngaphakathi kuluntu lwezonyango.
Uxilongo lokuNyuka kwamaxabiso kunye noNyango
Eli nqaku lithetha ukuba iindlela zokuxilonga izifo zengqondo ziye zandiswa ngeendlela eziye zandisa inani labantu abaxilongwayo, okukhokelela ekwandiseni unyango lweengxaki zengqondo kunye neemvakalelo. Ikwabonisa ukuba unyango lwengqondo lwale mihla luthande ukugxila ngakumbi kunyango lwebhayoloji kunemiba yengqondo nezoqoqosho.
Imeko ye-ADHD
Eli nqaku lixubusha indlela imarike ye-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) eyakhiwe ngayo eUnited States, iphawula ukuba yayingeyiyo indalo yeshishini lamachiza, kodwa yengqondo ehleliweyo. I-DSM-III kunye ne-DSM-IV zibonelele ngesakhelo sokuxilonga, kwaye oogqirha bengqondo bezemfundo baye bafaka isandla ekuxilongweni kwe-ADHD ngakumbi kunye nemigqaliselo yeyeza.
I-Critique ye-Global Medicalisation
Eli nqaku libonisa uluvo lwengcali olubuza isiseko senzululwazi samacandelo amaninzi okugula ngengqondo kunye nobudlelwane phakathi kwezi kunye nonyango lwamayeza. Kukhankanyiwe ukuba ukuhlelwa kwemizabalazo yeemvakalelo njengokuphazamiseka kwengqondo yinkqubo eyingxaki ye-epistemologically kwaye izizathu zezi meko zintsonkothile ngakumbi kunokungalingani kwemichiza.
Iimbono zoTshintsho
Eli nqaku liqukumbela ngembono eqinisekileyo malunga nokuba nokwenzeka komngeni kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo yoxilongo kunye nonyango lwesifo sengqondo. Ikhankanya ukuba, nangona kukho imiqobo, oogqirha bengqondo abancinci babonisa ukuvuleleka okukhulu ekuphulaphuleni idatha ecela umngeni kwingxelo ebalaseleyo.
Ngokwenene, inqaku likaDaniel Arjona lizisa ingqwalasela kwimiba kunye nokuchasana malunga nokuxhamla phakathi kwengqondo, iinkampani zonyango kunye nonyango lokugula e-United States (into esele yenzeka eYurophu ngesantya esibi). Ngokubonisa ubungqina kunye neembono zeengcali umbhali unikezela ngombono oxhokonxa ingcinga ophakamisa imibuzo ebalulekileyo malunga neendlela zangoku zengqondo kunye nefuthe labo, kuluntu.
