Ukusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSeptemba, iAmazon ijongene nenye yembalela yayo engapheliyo kwimbali erekhodiweyo. Imifanekiso ephazamisayo evela kwi-Amazonas state show yaseBrazil amakhulu amahlengesi omlambo kunye neentlanzi ezingenakubalwa ezifile kwiindonga zomlambo emva kokushisa kwamanzi kwinyanga edlulileyo idubule ukusuka kwi-82 degrees Fahrenheit ukuya kwi-104 degrees Fahrenheit.
Njengoko amaqondo obushushu enyuka, abemi bomthonyama nasekuhlaleni kuMbindi nakwiNtshona yeAmazon—oko kukuthi imimandla yaseBrazil, eKholombiya, eVenezuela, e-Ecuador nasePeru—babukele imilambo yabo inyamalala ngendlela engazange ibonwe ngaphambili.
Ngenxa yokuxhomekeka kommandla kwiindlela zamanzi ukuze kuthuthwe, amaqondo asezantsi kakhulu emilambo aphazamisa ukuthuthwa kwempahla ebalulekileyo, kunye noluntu oluninzi olutsala nzima ekufumaneni ukutya namanzi. Amasebe ezempilo engingqi alumkise ngelithi kuya kusiba nzima ngakumbi ukuzisa uncedo lwezonyango olungxamisekileyo kwiindawo ezininzi zaseAmazon.
EBrazil, urhulumente welizwe laseAmazonas ubhengeze imeko kaxakeka njengoko abasemagunyeni bejongana neyona imbalela imbi kwimbali yelizwe, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba kuchaphazela ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi nokutya kwi-500,000 abantu ekupheleni kuka-Oktobha. Abanye abantwana abangama-20,000 banokuphulukana nokufikelela ezikolweni.
Iimeko ezishushu nezomileyo nazo zibangele umlilo wasendle kuwo wonke ummandla. Ukususela ekuqaleni kuka-2023, ngaphezu kwe-11.8 yezigidi zeehektare (18,000 sq mi) yeAmazon yaseBrazil iye yatshiswa ngumlilo, indawo eyiphinda kabini ubukhulu baseMaryland. EManaus, ikomkhulu laseAmazonas eBrazil kunye nesixeko esizizigidi ezibini zabantu, oogqirha baxele ukonyuka kwemiba yokuphefumla ngenxa yomsi oqhubekayo ophuma emlilweni, ngakumbi phakathi kwabantwana kunye nabantu abadala.
Izixeko ezikude nazo ziye zachaphazeleka. E-Ecuador, apho ngokuqhelekileyo i-90% yamandla eveliswa zizityalo zamandla ombane, imbalela yase-Amazon inyanzelise urhulumente ukuba angenise amandla e-Colombia ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphela kombane okuxhaphakileyo. “Umlambo oqukuqela usuka eAmazon, apho zikhoyo iziko lethu lombane, wehlile kangangokuba ukuveliswa kombane ngamanzi kuye kwehliswa ukuya kutsho kuma-60 ekhulwini ngeentsuku ezithile,” wachaza uFernando Santos Alvite, uMphathiswa wezaMandla wase-Ecuador.
Nangona amaxesha emvula esahluka kulo lonke elaseAmazon, imvula ayilindelwanga kwiindawo ezininzi ezichaphazelekileyo kude kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba okanye ekuqaleni kukaDisemba.
I-EL NIÑO, UKUTSHATYWA KWAMHLABA, KUNYE NOMLILO: INDIBANO EYINGOZI
Izazinzulu ziyagxininisa ukuba ngoxa imbalela egqithiseleyo iphenjelelwa yi-El Niño, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi ukutyhubela iminyaka kuye kwayenza mandundu imeko. Ukongeza, imililo yasendle enxulunyaniswa nezenzo zokusika nokutshisa ezithandwa ngabafuyi beenkomo nabavelisi beembotyi zesoya zityhala lo mmandla ngaphaya komda wawo.
UAne Alencar, uMlawuli wezeNzululwazi kwiZiko loPhando lweNdalo yaseAmazonian (IPAM), uyacacisa, “Umsi wemililo uchaphazela imvula ngeendlela ezininzi. Xa ugawula amahlathi endalo, ususa imithi ekhuphela umphunga wamanzi emoyeni, nto leyo enciphisa ngokuthe ngqo imvula.”
Uphando lubonise ukuba le nkqubo yonakeleyo inokusisondeza “kwindawo yokuncamela” eAmazon, kunye namaxesha onyaka ashushu kunye nembalela amade anokubangela ukufa kwemithi. Uphononongo olwapapashwa kunyaka ophelileyo kwiNature Climate Change sicinga ukuba sisekude kumashumi eminyaka ukusuka kwiindawo ezinkulu zehlathi lemvula laseAmazon elidilikayo kwaye libe yi-savannah-nto leyo, enokuthi ivelise impembelelo eyonakalisayo kwi-ikhosistim kwihlabathi liphela.
Le mbalela asiyontlekele yemvelo yodwa. Luphawu lwehlabathi jikelele mozulu utshintsho kunye neempembelelo zengingqi zokutshatyalaliswa kwamahlathi. Ukujongana nale mingeni kufuna intshukumo elungelelanisiweyo kumanqanaba asekhaya, esizwe, kunye nehlabathi.
Urhulumente waseBrazil wenze iqela labasebenzi kwaye iPeru ibhengeze imeko kaxakeka yengingqi, kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu kulo mmandla baye babona nayiphi na inzame elungelelanisiweyo yokunciphisa iimpembelelo zembalela. Ngeli xesha, abahlalutyi banexhala lokuba abantu boMthonyama abakwanti nabakwanti baya kubandezeleka ngakumbi kunoninzi.
Abantu bomthonyama bemi phambili kutshintsho lwemozulu, nangona benegalelo elincinane ekukhutshweni kwerhasi yegreenhouse. Ngoku, kunanini na ngaphambili, umanyano lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye nenkxaso kuluntu oluchaphazelekayo lubalulekile.
