Ingxelo entsha yehlabathi epapashwe ngoLwesibini yi-World Meteorological Organization (WMO), i-arhente ye-UN, ibonisa ukuba iirekhodi ziphinde zaphulwa kumanqanaba e-greenhouse gas, amaqondo okushisa aphezulu, ukushisa kolwandle kunye ne-asidi, ukunyuka komgangatho wolwandle, ukugubungela umkhenkce kunye ne-glacier retreat. .
Amaza obushushu, izikhukula, imbalela, imililo yasendle kunye nezitshingitshane ezikhula ngokukhawuleza zabangela inkxwaleko kunye nesiphithiphithi, esinyusa ubomi bemihla ngemihla kwizigidi kwaye senza iibhiliyoni zeedola kwilahleko yezoqoqosho, ngokutsho WMO Ingxelo yeMo yeMozulu yeHlabathi yowama-2023.
"I-Siren zikhala kuzo zonke izibonakaliso eziphambili… Ezinye iirekhodi aziphelelanga nje ekufakeni itshathi, kodwa zinyusa itshathi. Kwaye utshintsho luyakhawuleza,” yatsho i-UN UNobhala-Jikelele u-António Guterres kumyalezo wevidiyo wokuphehlelelwa.
Isilumkiso esibomvu
Ngokusekelwe kwidatha evela kwii-arhente ezininzi, uphando luqinisekisile ukuba i-2023 yayiyeyona nyaka ishushu kakhulu kwirekhodi, kunye ne-avareji ye-avareji ye-avareji yobushushu obusondeleyo kwi-1.45 ° C ngaphezu kwesiseko sangaphambili se-industrial. Ibeke elona xesha lishushu leminyaka elishumi kwirekhodi.
“Ulwazi lwezenzululwazi malunga nokutshintsha kwemozulu lukho ngaphezu kweminyaka engamashumi amahlanu, kodwa okwangoku siphose lonke ithuba lesizukulwana,” uNobhala-Jikelele weWMO uCeleste Saulo uthe enikezela ingxelo kumajelo eendaba eGeneva. Ubongoze impendulo yokutshintsha kwemozulu ukuba ilawulwe "yintlalontle yezizukulwana ezizayo, kodwa hayi imidla yezoqoqosho yexesha elifutshane".
“NjengoNobhala-Jikelele weWorld Meteorological Organization, ngoku ndivakalisa isilumkiso esibomvu ngemeko yemozulu yehlabathi,” wagxininisa.
Ihlabathi liyaphazamiseka
Nangona kunjalo, utshintsho lwemozulu lungaphezulu kakhulu kunobushushu bomoya, iingcali ze-WMO zichaza. Ubushushu bolwandle obungazange bubonwe ngaphambili kunye nokunyuka komphakamo wolwandle, ukuhlehla komkhenkce kunye nokulahleka komkhenkce wolwandle lwase-Antarctic, nazo ziyinxalenye yomfanekiso ombi.
Ngokomndilili wosuku ngo-2023, phantse isinye kwisithathu somhlaba wolwandle wabanjwa ngamaza obushushu aselwandle, wonakalisa inkqubo yendalo kunye neenkqubo zokutya, ingxelo yafumanisa.
Umkhenkce othe wabonwa wafumana ilahleko enkulu yomkhenkce kwirekhodi - ukusukela ngo-1950 - ngokunyibilika okugqithisileyo kwintshona yoMntla Merika naseYurophu, ngokwedatha yangaphambili.
Imikhenkce yomkhenkce yeAlpine ifumene ixesha lokunyibilika ngokugqithisileyo, umzekelo, kunye nabo baphakathi ISwitzerland iphulukene ne-10 lepesenti yomthamo wayo oseleyo kule minyaka mibini idlulileyo.
Ilahleko yomkhenkce wolwandle lwe-Antarctic yayiyeyona iphantsi kakhulu kwirekhodi- kwisigidi seekhilomitha zeekhilomitha ngaphantsi kwerekhodi lonyaka ophelileyo - ilingana nobukhulu beFransi kunye neJamani zidibene.
Ukujongwa kwee-concentrations ezintathu eziphambili ze-greenhouse gases - i-carbon dioxide, i-methane, kunye ne-nitrous oxide - ifikelele kumanqanaba erekhodi ngo-2022 kwaye iqhubeka inyuka ngo-2023, idatha yokuqala ibonisa.
Iziphumo zehlabathi
Ngokwengxelo, imozulu kunye nokugqithiswa kwemozulu zingoyena nobangela okanye izinto ezibangela ukuba ngo-2023 zibangele ukufuduka, ukungakhuseleki kokutya, ilahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo, imiba yezempilo nokunye.
Ngokomzekelo, le ngxelo ithi inani labantu abanengxaki yokungafumani kutya ehlabathini lonke liye laphindaphindeka ngokuphindwe kabini. ukusuka kwi-149 yezigidi ngaphambi kwe Covid-19 Ubhubhani wafikelela kwizigidi ezingama-333 ngo-2023 kumazwe angama-78 ijongwe yiNkqubo yoKutya yeHlabathi (I-WFP).
“Ingxaki yemozulu umngeni ocacileyo ukuba uluntu ubuso. Inxibelelene kakhulu nengxaki yokungalingani - njengoko kungqinwa kukungakhuseleki kokutya kunye nokufuduswa kwabantu, kunye nelahleko yeentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo," utshilo uNks. Saulo.
Ilitha lethemba
Ingxelo ye-WMO ayiphakamisi nje i-alamu kodwa inika nezizathu zokuba nethemba. Ngo-2023, ukongezwa kwamandla okuvuselelekayo kunyuke malunga neepesenti ezingama-50, iyonke i-510 gigawatts (GW) - elona zinga liphezulu eliqatshelweyo kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini.
Ukwanda kokuveliswa kwamandla ahlaziyekayo, ikakhulu okuphenjelelwa yimitha yelanga, umoya, kunye nomjikelo wamanzi, kubeke njengawona mandla aphambili kwintshukumo yemozulu ukufezekisa iinjongo ze-decarbonization.
Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zokulumkisa kwangethuba ngeengozi ezininzi zibalulekile ekudambiseni impembelelo yeentlekele. I Izilumkiso zakwangoko kubo Bonke inyathelo lokuqala lijolise ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko jikelele ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokulumkisa kwangethuba ngo-2027.
Ukusukela ukwamkelwa kwe Isikhokelo se-Sendai sokuNcitshiswa kweNtlekele, kubekho ukwanda ekuphuhliseni nasekuphunyezweni kwezicwangciso zokunciphisa iintlekele zengingqi.
Ukusukela ngo-2021 ukuya ku-2022, ukuhamba kwemali okunxulumene nemozulu yehlabathi phantse kuphindwe kabini xa kuthelekiswa namanqanaba ka-2019-2020, ukufikelela phantse i-1.3 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi.
Nangona kunjalo, oku kufikelela kwipesenti enye kuphela ye-GDP yehlabathi, igxininisa umsantsa obalulekileyo wemali. Ukufezekisa iinjongo zendlela ye-1.5 ° C, utyalo-mali lwemali yemozulu yonyaka kufuneka lunyuke ngokuphindwe kathandathu, lufikelele phantse kwi-9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngo-2030, kunye ne-10 yetriliyoni eyongezelelweyo efunekayo ngo-2050.
Iindleko zokungasebenzi
Iindleko zokungasebenzi ziyamangalisa, ingxelo ilumkisa. Phakathi kwe-2025 kunye ne-2100, yona inokufikelela kwi-1,266 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, emele umahluko kwiilahleko phakathi kwemeko yoshishino njengesiqhelo kunye nendlela ye-1.5 ° C. Ziphawula ukuba eli nani libonakala lijongelwa phantsi kakhulu, iingcali zemozulu zeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo zithi makwenziwe amanyathelo ngoko nangoko.
Le ngxelo yaziswa phambi kwentlanganiso yabaphathiswa bemozulu eCopenhagen, apho iinkokheli zemozulu kunye nabaphathiswa abavela kwihlabathi liphela baya kuhlangana okokuqala ukusukela oko. COP28 eDubai ukutyhala intshukumo ekhawulezileyo yemozulu, kubandakanya nokunikezela ngesivumelwano esinamabhongo malunga nenkxaso-mali kwi-COP29 eBaku kamva kulo nyaka - ukuguqula izicwangciso zelizwe zibe zizenzo.
