Kube nokukhulu ukuthuthuka odabeni lweMuslim Brotherhood, okuveze ukuthi le nhlangano ithanda ukwehlukana kabili ngokusemthethweni, kanti inkundla ngayinye inesizindalwazi esisemthethweni kanye nezinkundla zezindaba. Eyokuqala iMahmoud Hussein Front, enabaholi beGeneral Shura Council, ezinze e-Istanbul, eTurkey, kanti eyesibili yi-Ibrahim Munir Front, enamalungu enhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe, ezinze enhlokodolobha yaseBritain, iLondon.
Ingabe Ubuzalwane buhlukana ngokusemthethweni?
I-Istanbul Front imemezele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuthi i-Brotherhood imelwe yiGeneral Shura Council, ethatha izinyathelo ezihambisanayo ezinqumweni eziphathelene nesikhundla sephini lomqondisi kanye nomuntu ophethe umsebenzi wakhe, igcizelela ukuthi ayinandaba nanoma yimuphi. isinqumo noma inqubo ephikisana nalokho, futhi i-Munir Front ithathe izinqumo ezinodlame zokuchitha, ukumisa, ukubandlulula, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokususa amandla nezibopho zabaholi (51) abathembekile kuHussein Front kanye nalabo ababhekele izici, amabhizinisi e-Muslim Brotherhood. kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali eTurkey, njengoba kubikwe isiteshi se-Al Arabiya.
I-Istanbul Front imemezela ukuthi i-Brotherhood imelwe yiGeneral Shura Council, ethatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze iqedele izinqumo mayelana nokuvuleka kwesikhundla sesekela lomholi kanye nommeleli wakhe.
Izinqumo zikaMunir zihlanganisa ukucwaswa, ukuxoshwa kanye nokuqandisa (15) Muslim Brotherhood abaholi abavela esigabeni se-"Shirin Evler" eTurkey, ukuncishiswa (8) abaholi be-Muslim Brotherhood baseGibhithe ababhekene nesigaba se-"Bashak Shahir" ukushiywa ngaphandle kwezikhulu (12) zeqembu le-General Shura Council, kanye nokumiswa kwamalungelo ezezimali. (9) abazalwane bophiko lwe-“Beylikdüzü”, ababesebenzisa imali yokuqasha neyokufunda, kanye nezixwayiso zanikezwa (8) Abaholi Bobuzalwane bophiko lwe-“Bağcılar”.
I-Munir Front ithatha izinqumo ezinodlame zokuchitha, ukumisa, ukubandlulula, ukuhlukanisa kanye nokususa amandla nezibopho zabaholi (51) abathembekile kuHussein Front.
Lokhu, futhi ngemva kokuba iqembu lase-Istanbul eliholwa ngu-Mahmoud Hussein lilawule iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yaleli qembu ethi “Brothers Online” kanye nezinkundla zabezindaba neze-elekthronikhi, i-Munir Front yethule ezinye izinkundla zamawebhusayithi, ezinye zazo ezinegama elifanayo. I-Munir Front ithathe izintambo zokulawula isizindalwazi esithi “Brothers Online”, yamemezela ukuthi yiyona webhusayithi esemthethweni newukuphela kwayo yeqembu, futhi isikhuthaze abaholi bayo abathembekile ukuthi baxhase ngezimali ezinye izinkundla zokuxhumana, egameni lezinkundla ezixhumene neMahmoud. I-Hussein Front ngokwayo, njenge-platform ye-"Verify Egypt" ye-Front esekelwe e-Istanbul futhi isakazwa eNetherlands, lapho umholi, u-Muhammad al-Aqeed, okhiphe ividiyo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, wagxeka imikhuba yeqembu likaHussein, futhi yembula ukutshalwa kwezimali kweqembu eSomalia nase-Afrika, kanye nokukhaphela kwabaholi ukuze baxhase le nkundla ehlukile yegama elifanayo.
Kulo mongo, u-Adham Hassanein, umholi we-Muslim Brotherhood othembekile ku-Istanbul Front kanye nomhleli oyinhloko wenkundla ethi "Verify Egypt", ukhiphe ividiyo esabisa umholi, u-Muhammad al-Aqeed, emsola ngokuqola amalungu eqembu. . kanye nabanye eTurkey nasemazweni aseGulf ngokuphindisela ngenhloso yakhe yokuqalisa enye inkundla .
I-Munir Front yethula ezinye izinkundla zemidiya namawebhusayithi, amanye anamagama alawo alawulwa nguMahmoud Hussein uqobo.
Ngaphezu komzamo wakhe wokulawula izintambo zeqembu, u-Ibrahim Munir wanquma ukujuba uDkt. Abdel Moneim Al-Barbari ukuthi ahole ithimba lamalungu e-Muslim Brotherhood adlelana neLondon Front, elizoqoqa imininingwane nolwazi ngezakhi. kanye nabaholi. ethembekile ku-Istanbul Front futhi ayinikeze yena mathupha ku-Ibrahim Munir, ukuze athathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo ngokumelene nayo.
Uyini umsuka we-Muslim Brotherhood?
I-Muslim Brotherhood yazalwa ngo-1928 e-Egypt, e-Ismailia, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeCairo, osebeni lweSuez Canal. Isungulwe nguSheikh Hassan Al-Banna, inhlangano yamaSunni kanye nezamanguquko yazibekela imigomo emibili enembayo: ukukhulula izwe ejokeni lamaNgisi, nokuthatha amandla eGibhithe elaliphinde lagcwala izindinganiso zamaSulumane.
I-Brotherhood yazakhela udumo ngokuhlela imisebenzi yokupha neyomphakathi, ehloselwe ukukhanga abantu abasebenzayo nabaphakathi. Lolu hlelo lunikeza ukuziqhenya ngendawo inkolo, ngenxa yenhlangano yezemfundo edumile, eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwe-Islam. Ukutshalwa kwezimali okubalulekile emehlweni ka-Hassan Al-Banna, uthisha ngokuqeqeshwa.
I-Muslim Brotherhood eYurophu
In Europe kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, baqala ukwakha ngendlela ehlelekile kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga, njengeGreat Britain, ekuqaleni kuka-1963. owayengumongameli waseGibhithe uGamal Abdel Nasser eGibhithe. Futhi le nhlangano yathuthela eYurophu nalaba bantu, futhi yasungulwa futhi yalayishwa zonke izici eyayinazo eMpumalanga YamaSulumane, futhi yakhula nezingxenye ezifanayo zobuhlakani, impi, i-kinetic, yenhlangano, njll. Iqembu linenhlangano enkulu yenhlangano amandla namandla amangalisayo ezezimali avumele ukuthi yakhe inethiwekhi enkulu yezinsizakalo zenhlalo nezenkolo eYurophu eminyakeni eyishumi.
Isinqumo sikaMongameli waseGibhithe uGamal Abdel Nasser sokuhlakaza leli qembu bekufanele siholele ekuqhekekeni nasekuqedweni kokugcina, kodwa izimpawu zomnyakazo zibe yimpumelelo ephawulekayo ekuhleleni kabusha nasekuguquleni umnyakazo ngezimbazo ezimbili eziyinhloko, okuyiSaudi kanye neYurophu. ekseni, futhi bakwazile ukwakha amandla ezombusazwe anethonya kuzo zombili izinhlangothi.
Ubukhona bamaSulumane e-Europe ngesikhathi sesinqumo sokuhlakazwa kweqembu ngo-1954 abubonakalanga ngomfutho noma ukuxhumana, njengoba amaSulumane eJalimane, ngokwesibonelo, ayenama-mosque amabili kuphela ahlukaniswe amabanga amade, elinye liseHamburg nelinye eBerlin. . Ngokuwohloka kwegagasi lama-impiriyali ekuqaleni kwengxenye yesibili yekhulu lama-20 kanye nokukhululwa kwamazwe amaningi amaSulumane ekubanjweni kobukoloniyali baseNtshonalanga, amazwe aseNtshonalanga aphendukela ekuqasheni ama-Arabhu namaSulumane ngendlela entsha, ngokuhambisana nemvelo. yesehlakalo, ngokuwavuselela empini yawo yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nobukhomanisi wangaleso sikhathi, okwavumela amagagasi okufika kwabantu bama-Arab kanye namaSulumane, ngokulandelana, ukuya ogwini lwaseNtshonalanga yonke indawo.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uGerhard von Mende, owayechithe iminyaka yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili njengoNgqongqoshe Wezifundazwe ZaseMpumalanga Ezahluliwe ngaphansi koMbuso woMbuso, wabe esephendukela kwezobunhloli, wabuthela amaSulumane ayelwa eButhweni Lezempi Elibomvu futhi waboshwa ejele. Amakamu amaNazi, ngezinye izikhathi ayewasongela ngokufa futhi ethembisa ukukhulula amazwe awo, ngezinye izikhathi ayewela ngaphansi kombuso wamaSoviet. Ukuze asondele kula makhasimende amasha, uMenda wakha i-mosque edolobheni laseMunich futhi wasungula inhlangano yezomthetho eyakhiwa amalungu omphakathi wamaSulumane wedolobha ukuze enze lo msebenzi.
Izibikezelo zokwakhiwa kwe-Islamic current enobunye futhi ehlelekile eYurophu ngokunqoba ukungezwani kwezinhlanga nemibono phakathi kwezakhi zayo zaqala eNgqungqutheleni yaseLondon ngo-1973, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuvulwa kwe-mosque yaseMunich, lapho inqwaba yezishoshovu zahlela umhlangano omkhulu. enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseLondon eyayihlanganisa inqwaba yezithombe zamaSulumane ngaleso sikhathi, njengoGhaleb Hemmat, owayeqokwe njengenhloko yoMphakathi WamaSulumane WaseNingizimu Jalimane (igama elisha elisemthethweni leMunich Mosque), kanye noKhurshid Ahmed, omunye wabo. izithonjana zeQembu LamaSulumane ePakistan, igatsha laseNingizimu Asia le-Muslim Brotherhood, nezinye.
Nakuba umhlangano ungazange uveze imiphumela eqondile, kube yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlanganisa ama-Islamist. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, omunye umhlangano obalulekile emlandweni woBuzalwane wenziwa ngo-1977 endaweni yokuphumula yaseSwitzerland yaseLugano.
Lo mhlangano ubuhlonishwe ngokuba khona kwenqwaba yabantu abaqavile beMuslim Brotherhood kanye nezishoshovu zamaSulumane, ezinjengoGhaleb Hemmat kanye noYoussef Nada, omunye wezimpawu zeMosque yaseMunich, uSheikh Yusuf Al-Qaradawi, umcwaningi u-Ian Johnson amchaza ngokuthi ubaba ongokomoya weqembu, kanye no-Ismail Al-Farouqi, i-theorist nomcabango omkhulu wamaSulumane nabanye. Lo mhlangano wawuyitshe legumbi lokuqala ekwakhiweni kabusha kwesakhiwo soBuzalwane esasicekeleke phansi ngaphansi kwesisindo samahalavu wobushiqela nengcindezelo yamaNasserist.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1990 ekhulwini elidlule, inqwaba yezinhlangano nezindikimba zamaSulumane zakhiwa ezwenikazi laseYurophu, njenge-Brussels-based Federation of Islamic Organisations in Europe, ehlose ukuhlanganisa nokuxhumanisa amaqembu e-Muslim Brotherhood emazweni angaphezu kwamashumi amabili. , i-European Council for Fatwas and Research ezinze eDublin, ebhekene nokukhipha ama-fatwa ezindabeni ezithinta amaMuslim amancane eYurophu, kanye ne-European Institute for the Humanities, eyenza umsebenzi wokuqeqesha ama-imam emanyuvesi amathathu eFrance naseWales, kanye neqembu lezinhlangano zezomnotho ezithembele ekuhlinzekweni kwezimali ezivela e-Gulf kuya ezinhlanganweni nezinhlangano ezixhumene ne-Brotherhood ukuze kwandiswe imisebenzi yokwakha ama-mosque kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Umehluko kuphela phakathi kwe-Muslim Brotherhood emazweni ase-Arab kanye naseNtshonalanga ukuthi inhlangano ye-Muslim Brotherhood emazweni aseNtshonalanga isebenza njengeqembu elimele idlanzana lezenkolo, ngakho-ke inhloso yayo ayibhekisiwe ekuthuthukiseni umphakathi.
I-Muslim Brotherhood inamaqiniso ezepolitiki kanye nokuhluzeka kwengqondo, okubavumela ukuthi baqonde uhlobo lomphakathi abasebenza kuwo kanye nohlobo lomsebenzi owenziwayo. Mhlawumbe ukuziphatha okunokuthula kweqembu nokugxila ezinkingeni zenhlalo, amasiko, ezemfundo, ezemidlalo, nezenkolo zemiphakathi yamaSulumane eNtshonalanga kusize ohulumeni ukuthi babone i-Muslim Brotherhood njengendlela ephakathi nendawo kwezinye izifutho zeSalafi-jihadist...
Isihloko sokuqala ngesi-French lapha (ukuhumusha akuqinisekisiwe)
Isithombe ngu UMarkus Winkler on Unsplash
