Eminyakeni eminingi ngaphambi koguquko lwaseKhomeini, kwakunemihlangano eqhubekayo phakathi kobuholi base-Iran kanye no-Hassan Al-Banna, umsunguli we-Muslim Brotherhood.
U-Al-Banna ubeka itshe lesisekelo sobudlelwane beBrotherhood namaShiites
Ube ngowokuqala ukubeka itshe lesisekelo le-"Brotherhood-Shiite Convergence" ngo-1947 emzamweni wokusondeza amaSunni namaShiite, ngesisho sakhe esidumile asisho ngesikhathi evakashele ithimba lamaShiite ase-Iranian endlunkulu I-General Centre ye-Muslim Brotherhood futhi ihlanganisa nomthetho wamaShiite "u-Muhammad Taqi al-Qummy." Wathi, Yazini ukuthi amaSunni namaShiite angamaSulumane ahlanganiswe igama elithi “Akekho unkulunkulu ngaphandle kukaNkulunkulu, uMuhammad uyisiThunywa sikaNkulunkulu.”
Sayyid Qutb kanye nenguquko yamaShiite
Mayelana noSayyid Qutb ojabulela uthando nokuduma okukhulu e-Iran, lokhu kumenze wazama ukungenelela ukuze asuse isigxobo entanyeni ngemuva kokuphuma kwesigwebo sentambo ecaleni elaziwa ngele-1965 Special Organisation, elalihlela ukuhlasela kwamaphekula. nguQutb Islam futhi wamthatha njengesisekelo senkolelo-mbono yokusungulwa koMbuso WamaSulumane kanye nesimo somphakathi wamaSulumane, njengoba phambilini bekunokuxhumana okuqinile nobudlelwano phakathi kwama-Irani noSayyid Qutb.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izincwadi zikaSayyid Qattat, ikakhulukazi ethi “In the Shadow of the Quran”, zaziyizincwadi ezisatshalaliswe kakhulu e-Iran ngemva koguquko. Bekungesikho okokuqala ukuthi "Ama-Milestones on the Road" aye e-Iran ngenkathi ecindezela izinyawo. Kunalokho, yaya lapho ngemva kuka-1966, lapho iqedwa. Le ncwadi yanyatheliswa eBeirut, futhi lencwadi yayithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwamaShiite, ngakho akekho owayazi ngencwadi eyanyatheliswa umlobi wamaSunni eyayisakazeke kakhulu futhi isakazeke kakhulu.
Udume ezweni lamaShiite, njengoKhomeini, emcabangweni wakhe wokuqapha isazi somthetho, futhi encwadini yakhe ethi “The Islamic Government” ethintwa umbono kaSayyid Qutb “wokuphatha”, kwathi ngo-1966, uSayyid Ali Khamenei, umholi. wase-Iranian Republic, umfundi kaKhomeini, naye owayengumfundi ovelele kaNawab Safavi, nowayaziwa ngobudlelwane bakhe obuseduze neBrotherhood, uKhamenei wahumusha incwadi kaSayyid Qutb ethi, “Ikusasa lalokhu. Inkolo” ngesiPheresiya.
Ubhale isingeniso sokuhumusha econsa umoya omkhulu, lapho achaza khona u-Sayyid Qutb njengomuntu ongqondongqondo we-mujahid, futhi umbuso waseGibhithe wabulala uQutb ngamacala okwakha inhlangano eyayihlose ukubulawa kukaGamal Abdel Nasser kanye nokuketulwa kombuso ngo. amandla, okuyinto uQutb ayivumayo encwadini ayibhala ngaphambi kokulengiswa kwayo enesihloko esithi “Bangibulalelani? Ukuthi inkolo iyindlela yokuphila, nokuthi imikhuba yayo ayinalusizo ngaphandle uma iveza amaqiniso ayo, kufakazelwe ngendlela emangalisayo futhi enomgomo wokuthi umhlaba uzodlulela esigijimini sethu nekusasa lale nkolo.
Ukwesekwa kobuzalwane benguquko yamaKhomeinist
I-Brotherhood yasekela kakhulu uguquko lwamaKhomeinist e-Iran futhi yahlanganisa imibhikisho ephikisana nokwamukela kukaMongameli ongasekho u-Anwar Sadat uShah wase-Iran, futhi yachema ne-Iran empini yayo ne-Iraq.”
Ngenkathi i-Muslim Brotherhood ibona i-Islamic Republic ngo-1979 njengokunqoba kombono wabo kanye nohulumeni wokuqala wamaSulumane kusukela kwawa i-Ottoman Caliphate, i-Muslim Brotherhood isekela i-Islamic Revolution e-Iran kusukela ekusungulweni kwayo ngoba yayiphikisana nombuso kaShah. UReza Pahlavi, owayehambisana nesitha samaZayoni. I-Iran iphinde ibheke ukuthunyelwa kwenguquko kwamanye amazwe yi-Muslim Brotherhood njengempumelelo.
Ngemva kokuba uKhomeini ethathe izintambo zokubusa e-Iran ngomhla ziyi-11 kuNhlolanja 1979, enye yezindiza zokuqala ezafika esikhumulweni sezindiza saseTehran yayithwele ithimba elimele ubuholi benhlangano yomhlaba wonke yamaMuslim Brotherhood: U-Al-Alsun wasakazeka phakathi kwamaqembu aphikisayo aseSyria lapho ithimba linikeza uKhomeini ukwethembeka yena njengoKhalifa wamaMuslim uma emukela isitatimende esishicilelwe esithi “ukuthi ingxabano nge-Imamate ngesikhathi saBangane yindaba yepolitiki, hhayi inkolo”. UKhomeini walinda futhi wabathembisa impendulo kamuva, nalapho umthethosisekelo omusha we-Islamic Republic of Iran usumenyezelwa, othi “imfundiso ka-Ja'fari iyimfundiso esemthethweni… futhi ukunakekela kosomthetho kungummeli we-Imam eyimfihlo. ”, impendulo kaKhomeini yayicacile.
Naphezu kwalokhu, i-Muslim Brotherhood e-Egypt yaqhubeka nokusekela umbuso omusha wase-Iranian futhi yahlela imibhikisho emikhulu ngokumelene nokusingatha kukaMongameli Sadat i-Shah yase-Iran e-Egypt, yabe isisekela i-Iran empini yayo ne-Iraq kanye nomagazini i-Crescent. Umqondisi jikelele waleli qembu, u-Omar al-Telmisani, uthi: “Angazi ngomuntu weMuslim Brotherhood emhlabeni wonke ohlasela i-Iran. Okuhlukile kulokhu kube igatsha leSyria Brotherhood, ebelisanda kuphuma engxabanweni enzima (1979-1982) nombuso waseSyria ohlangene ne-Iran, nakuba wawungekho emthethweni, kodwa ngamazwi omunye wabaholi be-Brotherhood eSyria, Sheikh Saeed Hawa.
Ngesikhathi uKhomeini eshona mhla zizi-4 kuNhlangulana 1989, uMhlahlandlela Jikelele we-Muslim Brotherhood, u-Hamid Abu Al-Nasr, washicilela incwadi yezidumbu eyayihlanganisa nala mazwi alandelayo: 'I-Muslim Brotherhood ibala ukufa kwe-Islam, u-Imam Khomeini, umholi owaqhumisa i-Islamic Brotherhood. ukuvukela umbuso ngokumelene nomashiqela noNkulunkulu. Ngesikhathi sika-Ali Khamenei, owaba “uMholi” ngemva kokushona kukaKhomeini, izinkolelo-mbono zikaSayyid Qutb zafundiswa ezikoleni zokuqeqesha ze-Ideological (I-Iranian Revolutionary Guards), kanye nomthelela weziphathimandla zezenkolo ezifana no-Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi, uthisha ongokomoya ka-Ahmadinejad, kwavela futhi. Ufihla ukuthi uyamthanda uSayyid Qutb kanye nomthelela wakhe kuye.
Ukufana kwemibono phakathi kweBrotherhood kanye namaShiites
Indlela yobuhlakani iyafana phakathi kweBrotherhood kanye nabaholi boguquko lwamaKhomein, yingakho inkolelo yokuthi wonke umyalezo wokukholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa ukhona emhlabeni wonke. Ukuthi i-Islam iwukuphela kwendlela yokuphila okujabulisayo kanye nenkolelo yobuningi bemibono kanye nobuningi bamaqembu ngesisekelo senkululeko yokucabanga nokukhuluma ku-Islam. Zombili izinhlangothi zinombono ngemiphumela yokuhlaselwa kwezempi yaseNtshonalanga emhlabeni wamaSulumane, nokuthi akuholelanga nje kuphela ekulawuleni ezempi, ezombusazwe kanye nezomnotho emazweni amaSulumane, kodwa futhi kukhiqize ukuthambekela okuqinile emiphakathini yamaSulumane ekubhekeni komqondo waseNtshonalanga, isiko, impilo yenhlalo kanye ne-fundamentalism, ebona ukuthi kukhona indawo yokuqala okuyimvelaphi, futhi isikhathi kube yinqubo yokuchezuka kuyo, futhi amaSulumane kufanele abuyele kuwo. Impucuko ethanda izinto ezibonakalayo nehlehla ngokomoya.
Ngokuqondene nokwehluka, kunqunyelwe umehluko phakathi kwawo kokuqukethwe yi-Islam, okuyiSunni, okuqukethwe ngokuka-Al-Banna, okuqukethwe yiShiite eKhomeini, futhi kukhona inqubekela phambili ekufinyeleleni umgomo ngokusho kuka-Al-Banna. I-Muslim Brotherhood ayihambisani nombono kaKhomeini wokuthi iMelika yaseNtshonalanga inguSathane Omkhulu maqondana neSoviet Union, nakuba ivumelana ngokuzonda kwayo kokubili.
Isazi uDkt. Ishaq Musa Al-Husseini, owayeyilungu le-Arabic Language Academy eCairo kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1990, futhi owayeyilungu le-Iraqi Scientific Academy, ngaphezu kwelungu le-Islamic Research Academy, wabhala. lesi sazi esikhulu encwadini yakhe edumile ethi “The Muslim Brotherhood. Umnyakazo Omkhulu Kakhulu. I-Modern Islam” yathi ubungane babuphakathi kweMuslim Brotherhood kanye namaShiite. Ngempela, amaShiite ayethatha i-Muslim Brotherhood njengegatsha lamagatsha awo kanye nomkhulumeli wolimi lwabo phakathi kwesizwe samaSunni, futhi akusho mayelana nalokhu ukuthi “Abanye abafundi abangamaShiite ababefunda eGibhithe bajoyina i-Muslim Brotherhood, futhi kuyaziwa. . Izinga le-Muslim Brotherhood e-Iraq lalihlanganisa namaShiite amaningi e-Twelver Imami.” Ngenkathi abamele iSafavi beya eSyria futhi behlangana noDkt Mustafa al-Sibai, umqaphi jikelele we-Muslim Brotherhood lapho, wakhalaza kuye ngokuthi intsha ethile yamaShiite ijoyina izinhlangano zezwe kanye nezobuzwe, ngakho abameleli baya kwelinye lamapulpiti. Uthe esixukwini sentsha yamaShiite neyamaSunni: “Noma ngubani ofuna ukuba yiJaafari yeqiniso kufanele ajoyine iMuslim Brotherhood.
I-Muslim Brotherhood inikezela ngeGibhithe e-Iran ngemuva kokuthatha izintambo
Ngemuva kwenguquko kaJanuwari, ama-Irani ayibona njengemodeli entsha yenguquko yamaSulumane, ikakhulukazi ngokukhula kwemibono yezepolitiki yamaSulumane, kwalimala ubuzwe, kanye nokukhuphuka kwamandla e-Brotherhood, ama-Irani. bazama ukuqinisa ubudlelwano babo ne-Brotherhood, kwathi ngesikhathi kubusa i-Brotherhood, u-Qassem Soleimani, umkhuzi we-Al-Quds Force in the Guards, wavakashela i-Iranian revolutionary e-Egypt futhi wahlangana nabaholi abaningi be-Brotherhood ukuze kube nokuzwana phakathi kwe-Brotherhood ne-Iran.
Ngemuva kokuthi iMuslim Brotherhood ithathe izintambo zokubusa ngokunqoba kukaMengameli owakehliswa u-Mohamed Morsi okhethweni lwango-2012, leli qembu laqala uchungechunge lokusungula kabusha ubuhlobo nobudlelwano ne-Iran. UMorsi wasebenzisa ithuba leNgqungquthela ye-Non-Aligned Movement ngo-Agasti 2012, ngemuva kwekhefu leminyaka engu-35 ebuhlotsheni obusemthethweni base-Iran, phakathi kokufudumala kwe-Iran nomengameli we-Muslim Brotherhood kanye nokwangana okufudumele phakathi kuka-Morsi Ahmadinejad, kodwa i-Muslim Brotherhood inokwesaba intukuthelo ethandwayo. e-Iranian Shiites yabakhathaza.
Kuyathakazelisa futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Muslim Brotherhood yazama ukuzuza kubuchwepheshe be-Iranian Revolutionary Guards futhi yenza isibonelo e-Egypt ukuze ivikele umongameli owaxoshwa u-Mohamed Morsi, kodwa bahlehla phakathi kokunganeliseki okukhulu okudumile futhi bawuchitha ngokuphelele lo mbono.
Okwenzeka namuhla phakathi kweQatar ne-Iran akuyona into encane, ukwazi ukuthi i-Qatar ibilokhu isekela futhi ixhasa ngezimali i-Muslim Brotherhood, ikakhulukazi Europe.
Kuzoqhutshwa ….
