Ama-Anti-Cults - Kusukela ezenzakalweni zaseMaidan ngo-2014, lapho ngaleso sikhathi uMongameli u-Yakunovich aphoqeleka ukuthi asule esikhundleni ngemuva kwemibhikisho emikhulu emigwaqweni yase-Ukraine, inhlangano ye-pan-European Anti-cult, eholwa yi-European Federation of Centers of Research and Information on Sectarianism. (FECRIS), ubelokhu ebamba iqhaza emshinini we-propaganda waseRussia owagcina uholele empini yamanje.
Ngo-2013, ngemuva kokuthi i-Ukraine ibikade isendleleni eya e-Europe eminyakeni ethile futhi isizosayina isivumelwano senhlangano ne-EU esasizoba nobudlelwano obusondelene kakhulu bezepolitiki nezomnotho phakathi kwe-EU ne-Ukraine, amabutho kaPutin acindezela u-Yakunovich ukuthi achithe isivumelwano. . U-Yakunovich, owayaziwa njengomholi okhohlakele osekela iRussia, wavuma futhi lokho kwaqala lokho okubizwa ngokuthi inguquko kaMaidan e-Ukraine.
Sibala amabutho enkolo ngokumelene neNtshonalanga
Uguquko lwaseMaidan lwalumele usongo olukhulu engqondweni kaPutin, owabe eseqala umshini wenkulumo-ze wokudelela iziphathimandla ezintsha. Kusukela lapho, inkulumo-ze yaseRussia emelene namabutho amasha entando yeningi ase-Ukraine abusayo, okwakungeyona neze i-Russian, yayihlanganisa nezinsolo zokuthi i-neo-Nazi, kodwa futhi nokuba ngonodoli bentando yeningi yaseNtshonalanga efihla i-ajenda emelene neRussia. Ngenxa yenkulumo-ze yakhe, wayebala kakhulu “amabutho akhe enkolo”, ikakhulukazi iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, elalisenethonya elibalulekile e-Ukraine.
Abaholi abakhulu beSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia, njengoPatriarch Kirill, bebelokhu besekela imizamo kaPutin yokuqeda amabutho asekela i-European Union e-Ukraine, bewasola ngokushushisa amalungu e-Orthodox ase-Ukraine angaphansi kweMoscow Patriarchate (okungase kube yiqiniso ngokwezinga elithile. , njengoba kwakunjalo ezindaweni ezilawulwa yiRussia e-Ukraine), kodwa futhi nokusongela ubumbano "lwe-Old-Rus'"[1], futhi basakwenza lokho njengoba besibona muva nje lapho uPatriarch Kirill esola labo abaphikisana nempi kaPutin e. I-Ukraine ibe "amandla obubi".
Alexander Dvorkin, "sectologist"
UPatriarch Kirill noVladimir Putin nabo bangathembela kunhlangano “emelene nenkolo,” eRussia eyayiholwa iPhini Likamongameli we-FECRIS Alexander Dvorkin, isazi semfundiso yenkolo yaseRussia-Orthodox owayevame ukwethulwa njengochwepheshe “kwehlelo” yiziphathimandla zaseRussia. . I-FECRIS yinhlangano yaseFrance emelene nenkolo enethonya le-pan-European. Uhulumeni waseFrance uhlinzeka ngoxhaso oluningi lwe-FECRIS, futhi empeleni yasungulwa inhlangano yaseFrance ephikisana namahlelo ebizwa ngokuthi i-UNADFI (Inyunyana Kazwelonke Yezinhlangano Zokuvikela Imindeni kanye Nabantu ngokumelene namahlelo) ngo-1994.
Ekuqaleni kukahulumeni omusha wase-Ukraine owakhethwa ngemva kokusula kuka-Yakunovich, ngo-April 30, 2014 u-Alexander Dvorkin waxoxwa nomsakazo. Izwi laseRussia, i-Russian Governmental Radio eyinhloko (okuthi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva yashintsha igama layo yaba I-Radio Sputnik). U-Dvorkin, owethulwe "njengomshoshovu omelene namahlelo kanye nePhini Likamongameli we-European Federation of Centers of Research and Information on Sectarianism, okuyinhlangano eyisambulela yamaqembu amelene namahlelo eYurophu", wacelwa ukuba aphawule "ngenkolo efihliwe. I-ajenda ngemuva kweMaidan kanye nenkinga yase-Ukraine ”. Wabe esedlulisela inkulumo-ze yoMbuso WaseRussia ngendlela ethakazelisa kakhulu[2].
AmaKatolika angamaGreki, amaBaptisti kanye nabanye okuthiwa “Amahlelo” aqondiswe kuwo
Kuleyo ngxoxo, uDvorkin waqala wasola iSonto Elihlangene, elaziwa nangokuthi amaKatolika angamaGreki, ngokuthi liyimbangela yokuvukela umbuso: “Kunamaqembu enkolo amaningana namahlelo enkolo amaningana anendima evelele kulezo zenzakalo. Okokuqala nje, ibandla elihlangene…lidlale indima evelele kakhulu futhi enodlame kubefundisi abaningi base-Uniate ababeshumayela lapho begqoke zonke izingubo zabo zesonto…” Lapho oxoxa naye ebuza uDvorkin ukuthi iVatican ingenzani, njengoba yayibize “isidingo sokubuyela ezinqubweni zokuthula e-Ukraine”, impendulo kaDvorkin yayiwukuchaza ukuthi yayingeke yenze lutho, ngoba manje iVatican yayisiholwa amaJesuit, ayesesekela kakhulu uMarxist futhi esekela uguquko ngokusebenzisa umbuso. amakhulu eminyaka, enezela: “Yebo, uPapa wamanje uFrancis, akasekeli ngempela izinguquko, kodwa indlela aziphatha ngayo ikhombisa ukuthi wayamukele ingxenye yaleli fa”.
Khona-ke uDvorkin ulandela amaBaptisti, ewasola ngokudlala indima ebalulekile eMaidan futhi abe nobuzwe obukhulu e-Ukraine. Uqhubeka nokusola uNdunankulu wangaleso sikhathi u-Yatsenyuk ngokuthi “ufihliwe Scientologist", ngenkathi ezenza i-Uniate: "Kwakunemibiko eminingi yabezindaba ebimbiza Scientologist… Ukube ubengumuntu ovulekile Scientologist, ngabe kubi kakhulu. Kodwa noma kunjalo, okungenani ubuzokwazi ukuthi yini ongayilindela kuye. Kodwa lapho umuntu, empeleni uYatsenyuk, ezibiza ngokuthi uyiGreek Catholic Unitate [ngenkathi u-a Scientologist], futhi kwakukhona umfundisi wase-Uniate owaqinisekisa ukuthi uyi-Uniate, ngikholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuyingozi kakhulu." Ngemuva kwalokho ngendlela ethokozisayo yokuqamba uzungu, waveza iqiniso lokuthi lena bekuyindlela yokuthi i-CIA imlawule, isebenzisa. Scientology amasu ukuze "alawule ukuziphatha kwakhe futhi alawule izenzo zakhe".
Okokugcina, u-Dvorkin uholele ekuhlaselweni kwalokho akubiza ngokuthi "i-neo-paganism", asola ukuthi uboshelwe ku-neo-Nazis, inkulumo-nkulumo ethathe ukubaluleka okubaluleke kakhulu ku-propaganda yamanje yaseRussia, njengoba sibona nge "I-Denazification" ikhuthazwa namuhla nguPutin ukuthi athethelele impi yase-Ukraine.
Izincwadi zothando zikaGerry Amstrong kuPutin
U-Dvorkin akayena yedwa ilungu le-FECRIS elibambe iqhaza ku-Russian anti-West propaganda. Phakathi kwabanye, umsekeli/ilungu laseCanada le-FECRIS, uGerry Amstrong, ubhalele uPutin izincwadi ezimbili ezishicilelwe, enye kuwebhusayithi yeSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia elithi “proslavie.ru”[3] kanti enye ikuwebhusayithi ye-FECRIS Russian esebenzisana nayo[4]. U-Amstrong ungowaseCanada Scientologist owaba isihlubuki seBandla lika Scientology, nowandizela eCanada ukuze agweme ukuboshwa ngemuva kokulahlwa yicala yinkantolo yaseMelika ngokunye kwakhe.Scientology imisebenzi. Encwadini yokuqala, eyanyatheliswa ngo-2 December 2014, uthi ngemva kokuvakashela eRussia, “ngesimemo sabantu beSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia... Uyanezela: “Angizange ngibe umuntu omelene neNtshonalanga noma omelene ne-US, nakuba ngangizimisele ngempela ngokumelene neNtshonalanga nobuzenzisi bombuso wase-US.” Ube esencoma uPutin ngokunikeza u-Edward Snowden indawo yokukhosela, futhi “uhlakaniphe kakhulu, unengqondo futhi ungumongameli.” Ngemva kokukhononda ngokugwetshwa kwakhe e-US, ubonga uPutin “nganoma yini izikhulu kuhulumeni wakho ezenzile ukuze kube lula ukuba kwami eRussia futhi ngikwazi ukuxhumana nezakhamuzi zakho” kanye nokumelana nesinqumo seNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu. wayelahle iRussia ngokwephula amalungelo Scientologists. Ube esesola amazwe aseNtshonalanga “ngenkulumo-ze yabantu abamnyama” ngoMengameli waseRussia.
Nakuba le ncwadi ingasho ngokucacile nge-Ukraine ibhalwe ngaphambi kwenkathi entsha yentando yeningi yase-Ukraine futhi ihambisana nenkulumo-ze yeRussia esongelwa imibono namahlelo aseNtshonalanga, futhi ibe yindlela yokugcina yokugcina "isikhundla sokuziphatha" ngokumelene nalabo. .
Encwadini yakhe yesibili eya ku-Vladimir Putin, eyanyatheliswa ngomhla zingama-26 kuNhlangulana wezi-2018 kusizindalwazi saseRussia i-FECRIS, u-Amstrong, wethulwa kusizindalwazi ngokuthi “isishoshovu sobuKristu” kanye nomngane omkhulu kaMnu Dvorkin - okuthiwa uyena onakekela ukuhunyushwa kwemibhalo engcwele. incwadi ngesiRashiya - iqala ngokuhalalisela u-Putin ngokuqokwa kwakhe kabusha. Ngemuva kwalokho, uyaqhubeka nokuhalalisela uPutin ngesenzo sakhe eCrimea ehlaselwe: “Siyakuhalalisela ngokuvulwa kwebhuloho laseCrimea lokuhamba kwezimoto. Ngihalalisela izwe lonke ngempumelelo emangalisayo. Lesi yisibusiso eCrimea nakulo lonke elaseRussia.” Ube esethatha ukuzivikela kukaPutin ngokumelene nomkhankaso othi "iNtshonalanga" ibhala ukuthi "iyingozi, inonya, inobuzenzisi, ayinangqondo futhi isekelwe ezihlosweni ezicacile zemibono"
Le ncwadi iyaqhubeka: “Uyazi ukuthi kunabantu eCanada nakwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga abangawukholelwa umkhankaso wokunihlambalaza, babone ukuthi akulungile, bawubheke njengosongo, baze bavume nokuthi ungasetshenziswa njengezaba. noma ivuse impi yenuzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulula ukubona ukuthi kunenqwaba yabantu laphaya abafuna ukuthi lolu songo nezinye izinsongo ezifanayo ziphumelele futhi zikhule, futhi ukwenza kanjalo, bahlela, benze okuthile, bakhokhe, futhi bakhokhelwe ukwenza lolu songo luphumelele. . Yibo laba abaqhuba umkhankaso lapha wokudicilela phansi isithunzi sakho.” Nalapha futhi, lokhu kuwukukhuluma uzungu okubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba kubeka icala lempi emazweni aseNtshonalanga kanye nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi “umkhankaso wokuhlambalaza”, okungaba imbangela eyinhloko yesibopho sikaPutin sokuqala impi e-Ukraine.
Umbiko we-USCIRF mayelana nenhlangano emelene nenkolo eRussia
Ngo-2020, i-US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) yashicilela umbiko othi “The Anti-cult Movement and Religious Regulation in Russia and the Former Soviet Union”[5]. Imibiko ichaza ukuthi “Ngenkathi ifa leSoviet kanye neROC [Isonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia] amathonya amakhulu, izimo zengqondo zamanje mayelana nezindlela ezithinta izinkolo ezincane nazo zibangelwa ezinye izici, okuhlanganisa intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho yangemva kweSoviet Union, isifiso sombuso kaPutin sobumbano lwesizwe, ukwesaba komuntu ngamunye mayelana nokuvikeleka komndeni noma ushintsho ngokuvamile, kanye nokukhathazeka kwamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nalokho okucatshangwayo. izingozi zezinhlangano ezintsha zezenkolo (NRMs)”. Okuxakayo ukuthi, kuya ezimpandeni zenhlangano emelene nenkolo edabuka eNtshonalanga.
Lo mbiko uchaza ukuthi ngemva kuka-2009, “izinkulumo zenhlangano emelene namahlelo kanye nombuso waseRussia ziye zahlangana ngokuphawulekayo phakathi neminyaka eyishumi eyalandela. Ehambisana nokukhathazeka kukaPutin ngokuvikeleka ngokomoya nangokokuziphatha, uDvorkin wathi ngo-2007 ama-NRM 'alimaza ngamabomu imizwa yokushisekela izwe laseRussia'. Futhi kwaqala kanjalo-ke ukuhlangana, futhi kungani iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia kanye ne-Anti-cult movement yaba ukhiye ohlelweni lwenkulumo-ze kaPutin.
Ukhuluma ngoDvorkin lo mbiko uthi: “Ithonya likaDvorkin liye ladlulela nangaphandle kwe-post-Soviet orbit. Ngo-2009, ngawo lowo nyaka aqokwa ngawo njengenhloko yoMkhandlu Wezazi WaseRussia, wabuye waba iPhini Likamongameli we-European Federation of Research and Information Centers on Sectarianism (FECRIS), inhlangano yaseFrance emelene nenkolo enethonya le-panEuropean. Uhulumeni waseFrance uhlinzeka ngoxhaso oluningi lwe-FECRIS futhi leli qembu lihlala lisakaza inkulumo-ze engemihle mayelana nezinkolo ezincane, okuhlanganisa nezithangami zamazwe ngamazwe njengengqungquthela ye-OSCE Human Dimensions. Isikhungo sika-Dvorkin singabambisene nabo oyinhloko be-FECRIS eRussia futhi sithola ukwesekwa okukhulu kwezezimali okuvela ku-ROC nakuhulumeni waseRussia.”
Khona-ke esahlukweni esibizwa ngokuthi “ukungabekezelelani kwamanye amazwe e-Ukraine”, i-USCIRF iyaqhubeka: “IRussia yaletha uhlaka lwayo lwemithetho yezenkolo evimbelayo lapho ihlasela iCrimea ngo-2014, okuhlanganisa ne-symbiosis phakathi kwemibono ephikisana namahlelo nokuphepha kwezwe. Umbuso wokubusa e-Ukraine uvame ukusebenzisa imithetho yenkolo ukuze wethuse umphakathi futhi uhlasele izishoshovu emphakathini wamaTatar aseCrimea.” Ekuphetheni kwawo umbiko we-USCIRF ukubeka kucace ukuthi “u-Alexander Dvorkin nozakwabo babambe iqhaza elikhulu kuhulumeni nasemphakathini, babumba inkulumo yeningi inkolo emazweni amaningi.”
Impi yaseDonetsk neLuhansk yokulwa nalokho okubizwa ngokuthi amahlelo
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, izifunda mbumbulu zikaDonbass iDonetsk neLuhansk, kube yizona kuphela izindawo emhlabeni ezenza ukulwa “namahlelo” kube isimiso somthethosisekelo. Umagazini i-Bitter-Winter okhuluma ngenkululeko engokwenkolo waphetha ngalokho nobunye ubufakazi bokwenqaba kwabo ngonya inkululeko engokwenkolo, ukuthi “lokho okwenzeka endaweni mbumbulu ethi-'Donetsk People's Republic' kanye 'neRiphabhulikhi Yabantu YaseLuhansk' kuwumelela okucacile kwesimiso esingokwasezulwini sama-Orthodox. Izazi zemibono kaPutin zicabanga 'Ngezwe LaseRussia' imingcele yalo abayikhulisa ngokuqhubekayo. "[6]
Futhi akukhona okokuqala ukuthi inhlangano ye-Anti-cult jikelele, kanye ne-FECRIS ikakhulukazi, ixhunyaniswe nenkulumo-ze yobuzwe ne-pro-war yonkana. Europe. Embikweni oshicilelwe ngoJulayi 2005 futhi wasayinwa ummeli waseFrance noMiroslav Jankovic, kamuva owaba yi-OSCE National Legal Officer eSerbia, kwavezwa ukuthi omele i-FECRIS eSerbia kwakunguColonel Bratislav Petrovic.[7].
I-FECRIS' edlule e-Serbia
Ngokombiko, uColonel Bratislav Petrovic weYugoslav Army naye ubengudokotela wezifo zengqondo. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaMilosevic, wahola i-Institute for Mental Health and Military Psychology ye-Military Academy eBelgrade. Kusukela kuleso sikhundla, wagxila ekukhethweni nasekulungiseleleni ngokwengqondo kwamasosha ebutho likaMilosevic ngaphambi kokuba athunyelwe empini. UColonel Petrovic naye waba nesandla ekudluliseleni inkulumo-ze kaMilosevic yokuthi amaSerbia ayizisulu hhayi abenzi bokuqothulwa kohlanga eBosnia, ngokuphambene nayo yonke imibiko ethembekile ye-UN ngale ndaba.
Umbiko uqhubeka uthi: “UPetrovic manje usebenzisa amasu akhe angokwengqondo okufundisa ukuze aqondise izinkolo ezincane. Nokho lokhu akukusha. Ngo-1993, ngesikhathi kuhlanjululwa ubuzwe nenkolo eCroatia naseBosnia, uPetrovic wasebenzisa lowo mbono ukuze alahle izinkolo ezincane eSerbia, ezisola ngokuthi ziyizinhlangano zamaphekula futhi ezibiza kalula ngokuthi ‘amahlelo.’”
Umbiko uqhubeka ubala zonke izinkolo ezibizwa ngamahlelo ezaziqondiswe yi-FECRIS eSerbia: amaBaptist, amaNazaretha, ama-Adventist, oFakazi BakaJehova, amaMormons, amaPentecostal, iTheosophy, i-Anthroposophy, i-Alchemy, iKabala, izikhungo zeYoga, I-Transcendental Meditation, i-Karma Centre, i-Shri Chimnoy, i-Sai Baba, i-Hare Krishna, i-Falun Gong, i-Rosicrucian Order, i-Masons, njll. Njengoba ubona, u-Petrovic wayekude nokuwela emahlelweni okulwa nawo. Lezi zazifana nalezo ezihloselwe inkulumo-ze ka-Dvorkin ne-ROC eRussia emzamweni wabo wokuthethelela ukuvikelwa "kwemizwa yokushisekela izwe laseRussia" kanye "nokuphepha okungokomoya".
FECRIS isekelwa abaholi bama-Orthodox namasonto kwezinye izindawo
Lesi sinyathelo esivela ku-FECRIS sasekelwa iSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseSerbia, okwathi, ngamazwi ommeleli wakhe uMbhishobhi Porfirije, wabeka isidingo sokuba “nemininingwane eyiqiniso ekudaluleni amahlelo ngalinye ngalinye njengamaqembu asakaza ukwesaba nobudlova obungokomoya”. U-Porfirije uphinde wathi "Ukulwa nalobu bubi kuzoba lula uma uMthetho wezinhlangano zezenkolo ufika", ebhekisela kumthethosivivinywa yena noPetrovic ababezame ukuwuchibiyela. Isichibiyelo abasifakile (kodwa esanqatshwa) sihloselwe ukunciphisa amalungelo ezinkolo ezincane e-Serbia. Nalapha futhi, lokhu kufana ncamashí nalokho okwenzeka eRussia, ngaphandle kokuthi eRussia umthetho ovimbela amalungelo ezinkolo ezincane owawunxenxelwa yi-FECRIS waphasiswa futhi wasetshenziswa kakhulu ngokumelene namaqembu enkolo angenalo ubudlova.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ummeleli we-FECRIS eBelarus unesixhumanisi kusizindalwazi se-FECRIS esixhuma ngqo kuwebhusayithi yeSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseBelarusian, elingengaphansi kweGatsha LeSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia. Ummeleli waseBulgaria we-FECRIS, "Isikhungo Sokucwaninga Ngezinhlangano Ezintsha Zenkolo", ushicilela kuwebhusayithi yakhe izingcingo ezivela e-Bulgarian Orthodox Church ukuthi zingakubekezeleli "imibuthano engekho emthethweni".
Noma kunjalo, njengoba kushiwo umbiko we-USCIRF 2020: “UDvorkin nozakwabo abanawo amandla okucabanga nemibono yama-Orthodox, futhi amazwi aphikisayo ebandleni [i-ROC] ayigxekile inhlangano emelene namahlelo ngokuthembela emibonweni engagunyaziwe kanye nokungeyona ingxenye yohlu lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli. imithombo”. “Amazwi aphikisayo” anjalo awakaze azwakale phakathi kwe-FECRIS.
[1] Ama-Rus' kwakuyiqembu lasendulo, elalihlala eRussia yanamuhla, e-Ukraine, eBelarus, nakwamanye amazwe, futhi bangokhokho bamaRussia anamuhla kanye nezinye izizwe zaseMpumalanga Yurophu.
[2] Ingxoxo ka-Alexander Dvorkin on Izwi laseRussia, 30 April 2014 ohlelweni lwezingxoxo "Iphuzu elivuthayo".
[3] https://pravoslavie.ru/75577.html
[4] https://iriney.ru/poslevoennaya-eklektika/sajentologiya/ostanovit-ochernenie-rossii-otkryitoe-pismo-byivshego-sajentologa-vladimiru-putinu.html
[5] https://www.uscirf.gov/publication/anti-cult-movement-and-religious-regulation-russia-and-former-soviet-union
[6] https://bitterwinter.org/donetsk-and-luhansk-denying-religious-liberty/
[7] Umbiko othi "Ukucindezelwa Kwezinkolo Ezincane ESerbia: Indima edlalwa yi-European Federation of Centers of Research and Information on Sectarianism (FECRIS)" - 27 July 2005 nguPatricia Duval noMiroslav Jankovic.
