NgoLwesihlanu, iPhalamende kanye noMkhandlu bafinyelele isivumelwano sesikhashana sezepolitiki ngoMthetho Wezinsizakalo Zedijithali (DSA). Kanye ne Umthetho Wezimakethe Zedijithali, i-DSA izobeka izindinganiso zendawo yedijithali ephephile nevuleke kakhudlwana kubasebenzisi kanye nenkundla yokudlala yezinkampani iminyaka eminingi ezayo.
Izinkundla ze-inthanethi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo owengeziwe
Ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha, izinsiza zabalamuli, okuyizinkundla ze-inthanethi - njengezinkundla zokuxhumana kanye nezimakethe - kuzodingeka zithathe izinyathelo zokuvikela abasebenzisi bazo kokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni, izimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo.
- Ukuziphendulela kwe-algorithmic: I-European Commission kanye namazwe angamalungu azokwazi ukufinyelela ama-algorithms ezinkundla ezinkulu kakhulu ze-inthanethi;
- Ukususwa ngokushesha kokuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni ku-inthanethi, okuhlanganisa imikhiqizo, amasevisi: inqubo “yesaziso nesenzo” ecace kakhudlwana lapho abasebenzisi bezonikwa amandla okubika okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni ku-inthanethi futhi izinkundla ze-inthanethi kuzodingeka zithathe isinyathelo ngokushesha;
- Amalungelo ayisisekelo okufanele avikelwe naku-inthanethi: izivikelo eziqinile zokuqinisekisa ukuthi izaziso zicutshungulwa a ongakhethi futhi ongabandlululi indlela kanye nenhlonipho yamalungelo ayisisekelo, okuhlanganisa nenkululeko yokukhuluma nokuvikelwa kokwaziswa;
- Izimakethe ze-inthanethi ezinomthwalo wemfanelo owengeziwe: kufanele baqinisekise ukuthi abathengi bangathenga imikhiqizo ephephile noma amasevisi ku-inthanethi, ngokuqinisa amasheke ukuze baqinisekise ukuthi ulwazi olunikezwa abahwebi luthembekile (umgomo othi “Yazi Ikhasimende Lebhizinisi Lakho”) futhi benze imizamo yokuvimbela okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni okuvela ezinkundleni zabo, okuhlanganisa ngokusebenzisa amasheke okungahleliwe;
- Izisulu zodlame lwe-inthanethi zizovikeleka kangcono ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nokwabelana okungavunyelwe (izithombe zobulili ezingcolile zokuziphindiselela) nokwehliswa ngokushesha;
- Izijeziso: izinkundla eziku-inthanethi nezinjini zokusesha zingahlawuliswa kufika ku-6% wenzuzo yazo yomhlaba wonke. Esimeni sezinkundla ezinkulu kakhulu ze-inthanethi (ezinabasebenzisi abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-45), Ikhomishana ye-EU izoba namandla akhethekile okufuna ukuthotshelwa kwemithetho;
- Imithwalo embalwa nesikhathi esengeziwe sokujwayela ama-SME: isikhathi eside sokusebenzisa imithetho emisha sizosekela ukuqanjwa kabusha emnothweni wedijithali. IKhomishana izolandela eduze imiphumela yezomnotho engaba khona yezibopho ezintsha kumabhizinisi amancane.
Indawo ephephile ku-inthanethi yabasebenzisi
- New obala izibopho ezinkundleni zizovumela abasebenzisi ukuthi bazi kangcono ukuthi okuqukethwe kunconyelwa kanjani kubo (amasistimu wokuncoma) futhi bakhethe okungenani inketho eyodwa engasekelwe ekuphrofayilini;
- Ukukhangisa ku-inthanethi: abasebenzisi bazoba nokulawula okungcono kokuthi idatha yabo yomuntu siqu isetshenziswa kanjani. Ukukhangisa okuhlosiwe kuyavinjelwa uma kuziwa kudatha ebucayi (isb. ngokusekelwe ekukhetheni ubulili, inkolo, ubuzwe);
- Ukuvikelwa kwezingane: izinkundla ezifinyeleleka ezinganeni kuzodingeka zithathe izinyathelo ezithile ukuze zibavikele, okuhlanganisa nokuvimbela ngokugcwele ukukhangisa okuhlosiwe;
- Ukukhohlisa ukukhetha kwabasebenzisi 'ngamaphethini amnyama' kuzovinjelwa: izinkundla eziku-inthanethi nezimakethe akufanele zigqugquzele abantu ukuthi basebenzise amasevisi abo, isibonelo ngokunikeza ukugqama okwengeziwe ekukhetheni okuthile noma ukunxusa umamukeli ukuthi ashintshe ukukhetha kwakhe ngokuphazamisa izigelekeqe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhansela ukubhalisa kwesevisi kufanele kube lula njengokuyibhalisela;
- Isinxephezelo: Abamukeli bezinsizakalo zedijithali bazoba nelungelo lokufuna ukulungiswa nganoma imuphi umonakalo noma ukulahlekelwa okukhona ngenxa yokuphulwa komthetho izinkundla.
Okuqukethwe okuyingozi kanye nolwazi olungaqondile
Izinkundla ezinkulu kakhulu ze-inthanethi kuzodingeka zithobelane nezibopho eziqinile ngaphansi kwe-DSA, ngokulingana nezingozi ezibalulekile zomphakathi ezizibeka lapho zisakaza okuqukethwe okungekho emthethweni nokulimazayo, okuhlanganisa nokungahloniphi ulwazi.
- Amapulatifomu amakhulu kakhulu aku-inthanethi kuzodingeka ahlole futhi anciphise ubungozi besistimu futhi ibe ngaphansi kocwaningomabhuku oluzimele unyaka ngamunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezo zinkundla ezinkulu ezisebenzisa lokho okubizwa “ngezinhlelo zokuncoma” (ama-algorithms anquma ukuthi abasebenzisi babona ini) kufanele zinikeze okungenani inketho eyodwa engasekelwe ekuphrofayilini;
- Izinyathelo ezikhethekile ngezikhathi zobunzima: uma kwenzeka isimo esibucayi, esifana nokuvikeleka komphakathi noma usongo lwezempilo, Ikhomishini ingase idinge izinkundla ezinkulu kakhulu ukuze ikhawulele noma yiziphi izinsongo eziphuthumayo ezinkundleni zayo. Lezi zenzo ezithile zikhawulelwe ezinyangeni ezintathu.
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“I-Digital Services Act izobeka amazinga amasha omhlaba. Izakhamizi zizolawula kangcono indlela idatha yazo esetshenziswa ngayo izinkundla eziku-inthanethi kanye nezinkampani ezinkulu zobuchwepheshe. Ekugcineni senze isiqiniseko sokuthi lokho okungekho emthethweni ungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi nakho akukho emthethweni ku-inthanethi. EPhalamende laseYurophu, izibopho ezengeziwe zokungafihli kwe-algorithmic kanye ne-disinformation ziyimpumelelo ebalulekile, "kusho u-rapporteur. Christel Schaldemose (DK, S&D). "Le mithetho emisha iphinde iqinisekise ukukhetha okwengeziwe kubasebenzisi kanye nezibopho ezintsha zezingxenyekazi zezikhangiso eziqondiwe, okuhlanganisa ukuvinjelwa kokukhomba izingane kanye nokukhawulela ukuqoqwa kwedatha ukuze kuphrofayili."
Izinyathelo ezilandelayo
Umbhalo uzodinga ukuba uphothulwe ezingeni lobuchwepheshe futhi uqinisekiswe ochwepheshe bezilimi zommeli, ngaphambi kokuba iPhalamende kanye noMkhandlu banikeze imvume yabo esemthethweni. Uma le nqubo isiqediwe, izoqala ukusebenza ezinsukwini ezingu-20 ngemva kokushicilelwa kwayo ku-EU Official Journal futhi imithetho izoqala ukusebenza ezinyangeni eziyi-15 kamuva.
Kusukela zingama-23 kuya zingama-27 kuNhlaba, ithimba le-EP's Internal Market Committee lizovakashela ikomkhulu lezinkampani ezimbalwa (i-Meta, i-Google, i-Apple nezinye) e-Silicon Valley ukuze lixoxe mathupha ngephakethe loMthetho Wezinsizakalo Zedijithali, kanye neminye imithetho yedijithali eqhubekayo, futhi ukuzwa isikhundla sezinkampani zaseMelika, abaqalayo, izifundiswa kanye nezikhulu zikahulumeni.
