Njengoba kunezithunywa ezivela emazweni angamaLungu, izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni, namanyuvesi akhona, kanye nosomabhizinisi abafuna izindlela zokuthuthukisa ngokuqhubekayo "i-Blue Economy", kukhona amathemba okuthi lo mcimbi, owenzeka edolobheni lasePutukezi laseLisbon phakathi kuka-27 Juni kanye Umhla lu-1 kuNtulikazi, kuzophawula inkathi entsha ye-Ocean.
1. Yisikhathi sokugxila ezisombululweni
Ingqungquthela yokuqala, ngo-2017, yabonwa njengenguquko ekuqwashiseni umhlaba ngezinkinga zolwandle. Ngokusho kukaPeter Thomson, Inxusa Elikhethekile likaNobhala-Jikelele we-UN oLwandle, I-Lisbon "izobe imayelana nokuhlinzeka ngezixazululo kulezo zinkinga".
Lo mcimbi uklanyelwe ukunikeza indawo umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba ukuze uphushele ukwamukelwa kwezixazululo ezintsha, ezisekelwe kwisayensi zokulawulwa okusimeme kwezilwandle, okuhlanganisa ukulwa nokucwiliswa kwe-asidi emanzini, ukungcola, ukudoba okungekho emthethweni kanye nokulahlekelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Ingqungquthela yalo nyaka izophinde icacise izinga lokufisa kweNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene Ishumi Leminyaka Lesayensi Yasolwandle Yentuthuko Esimeme (2021-2030). Ishumi leminyaka lizoba indikimba enkulu engqungqutheleni, futhi lizoba yisihloko sezehlakalo ezimbalwa ezibalulekile, ezibeka umbono wolwandle olunempilo, oluzinzile.
I-UN izibekele imigomo eyi-10 ehlobene nolwandle okumele ifinyelelwe kule minyaka eyishumi, njengengxenye ye I-Ajenda yangowezi-2030 Yentuthuko Esimeme, uhlaka lweNhlangano lwekusasa elinobulungiswa kubantu kanye nomhlaba. Kubandakanya isenzo sokuvimbela kanye nokunciphisa ukungcoliswa komhlaba kanye ne-asidi, ukuvikela imvelo, ukulawula izindawo zokudoba, nokwandisa ulwazi lwesayensi. Engqungqutheleni, izingxoxo zokuxoxisana zizogxila ekusingatheni eziningi zalezi zinkinga.
Iqhaza lentsha lizoba seqhulwini e-Lisbon, nosomabhizinisi abasebasha, abasebenza ngezixazululo ezintsha, ezisekelwe kwisayensi ezinkingeni ezibucayi, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yengxoxo.
Kusukela zingama-24 kuya zingama-26 kuNhlangulana bazobamba iqhaza Iforamu Yentsha Nokusungula, inkundla okuhloswe ngayo ukusiza osomabhizinisi abasebasha kanye nabasunguli abasha ukuthi bakhulise imizamo yabo, amaphrojekthi kanye nemibono, ngokunikeza ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe, nokuhlanganisa abeluleki, abatshalizimali, imboni ezimele, nezikhulu zikahulumeni.
Lesi sithangami sizofaka ne-“Innovathon,” lapho amaqembu abahlanganyeli abahlanu ezosebenzisana ukuze akhe futhi enze isiphakamiso sezixazululo ezintsha zolwandle.
2. Izigxobo ziphezulu
Ulwandle lusinika sonke umoya-mpilo, ukudla, nendlela yokuziphilisa. Ithuthukisa izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezingacabangeki, futhi isekela ngokuqondile inhlalakahle yabantu, ngokudla kanye nemithombo yamandla.
Ngaphandle kokuba umthombo wokuphila, ulwandle luqinisa isimo sezulu futhi lugcine ikhabhoni, lusebenza njengosinki omkhulu wamagesi abamba ukushisa.
Ngokuvumelana ne Idatha ye-UN, cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-680 bahlala ezindaweni ezisogwini eziphansi, okukhuphukela cishe ebhiliyoni eyodwa ngo-2050.
Futhi, ukuhlaziya kwakamuva kulinganisela ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingama-40 bazoqashwa yizimboni ezisekelwe olwandle ekupheleni kwale minyaka eyishumi.
3. Kugqanyiswe iKenya nePortugal
Nakuba leNgqungquthela yenzeka e-Portugal, isingathwe ngokuhlanganyela yiKenya, lapho amaphesenti angama-65 abantu abasogwini ehlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya, ehileleka kakhulu kwezokudoba, ezolimo, kanye nezimayini ukuze baziphilise.
KuBernadette Loloju, isakhamuzi saseSamburu County, eKenya, ulwandle lubalulekile kubantu bezwe lakhe ngoba lubavumela ukuthi bathole izimpahla eziningi abazidingayo. “Ulwandle luqukethe izinto eziningi eziphilayo okuhlanganisa nezinhlanzi. Iphinde isinike ukudla. Uma siya edolobheni laseMombasa, sijabulela ulwandle futhi sibhukude, okunezela enjabulweni yethu”.
Nzambi Matee, Uhlelo lwe-UN Environment (Isandiso se-UNEP) Umnqobi Omusha Womhlaba, unombono ofanayo. UNzambi uhlala eNairobi, Kenya, futhi ungumsunguli we Abenzi beGjenge, ekhiqiza izinto zokwakha ezisimeme ezingabizi kakhulu ezenziwe ngemfucuza yepulasitiki egaywe kabusha.
UNksz. Matee uthatha imfucumfucu yepulasitiki olwandle, edotshwa abadobi, ayiguqule ibe izitini zokugandaya - “umsebenzi wami wokwenza kabusha imfucumfucu yepulasitiki evela olwandle ungenze ngakwazi ukuqasha intsha nabesifazane abangaphezu kuka-113, asebehlanganise izitini ezingu-300,000. Ngiziphilisa olwandle, ngakho-ke ulwandle luwukuphila kimina,” kusho yena.
Uthando lolwandle lwabelwa iPortugal, isifunda esikhulu kunazo zonke esingasogwini esiyilungu le-European Union enamakhilomitha angaba yizigidi ezine ogwini oluqhubekayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, izwe elidlala indima emaphakathi endaweni yase-Atlantic.
"Esikulindele kwiNgqungquthela ye-UN Oceans ukuthi kuzoba ingqungquthela mayelana nesenzo hhayi nje ukuzibophezela," kusho uCatarina Grilo, uMqondisi Wezokongiwa Kwemvelo kanye Nenqubomgomo kwa-. I-Associação Natureza Portugal (ANP), inhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni esebenza ngokuhambisana ne-World Wildlife Fund (I-WWF). I-ANP iqhuba amaphrojekthi ambalwa ezindaweni zokuvikela olwandle, ukudoba okusimeme, nokongiwa kolwandle.
“Ingqungquthela edlule eNew York ibe yisikhathi esihle kakhulu sokuqwashisa ngeqhaza lezilwandle enhlalakahleni yabantu. Ngaleso sikhathi sasinezibopho eziningi zokuzithandela ezivela emazweni Angamalungu kanye nezinhlangano ezingezona ezombuso, kodwa manje sekuyisikhathi sokusuka emazwini uye ezenzweni".
4. Ulwandle nesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke kuxhumene
Ulwandle nesimo sezulu somhlaba wonke kunethonya elikhulu komunye nomunye ngezindlela eziningi. Njengoba inkinga yesimo sezulu iqhubeka nokuba yingozi ekhona, kukhona amamethrikhi abalulekile ososayensi ababhekisisa.
Ngokusho the umbiko wakamuva wokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ovela kwi-World Meteorological Organization (WMO) amazinga olwandle amaphakathi emhlabeni wonke anyuke ngesilinganiso esingu-4.5 mm ngonyaka phakathi kuka-2013 no-2021, ngenxa yokuncibilika kwamaqhwa ngezinga elikhulayo.
Ulwandle lumunca cishe amaphesenti angu-23 e-CO2 ekhiqizwa umsebenzi womuntu, futhi uma kwenzeka, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka, okwenza amanzi olwandle abe ne-asidi. Lokho kubeka izindawo zasolwandle engcupheni futhi, lapho amanzi eba ne-asidi eyengeziwe, i-CO2 ikwazi ukumunca kancane.
USamuel Collins, umphathi wephrojekthi I-Oceano Azul Foundation, eLisbon, ikholelwa ukuthi le ngqungquthela izosebenza njengebhuloho eliya ku-COP27, ezoba seSharm El-Sheikh, e-Egypt ngalo November.
“Ngokuyisisekelo ulwandle luyingxenye yesimo sezulu. Ihlala amaphesenti angama-94 wendawo yokuhlala emhlabeni. Ngingakwazi ukuhoxisa izibalo ezisishaqisayo sonke.”, kusho lo wesifazane waseScot oneminyaka engu-27 ubudala.
“Isizathu esenza ukuthi imikhiqizo esiyithenga esitolo ingabizi kakhulu yingoba umkhumbi uthutha amaphesenti angama-90 wezimpahla ezisekhaya, ngakho-ke ziningi izizathu zokuthi kungani sixhumeke olwandle, noma ngabe uyizwe elivaliwe noma hhayi. Ayikho into ephilayo emhlabeni engathinteki oLwandle”.
5. Yini ongayenza ukuze usize?
Sibuze ochwepheshe abathile - okuhlanganisa u-Catarina Grilo kanye nesazi sezinto eziphilayo uNuno Barros e-ANP, kanye no-Sam Collins e-Oceano Azul Foundation - ukuthi yini izakhamuzi ezingayenza ukuze zikhuthaze umnotho oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka osimeme, kuyilapho zilinde abenzi bezinqumo nabaholi bomhlaba ukuthi bangene esenzweni. Nansi eminye imibono ongayifaka ezimpilweni zakho zansuku zonke:
- Uma udla izinhlanzi, hlukanisa ukudla kwakho ngokwemibandela ukusetshenziswa kwezilwane zasolwandle, ungadli njalo uhlobo olufanayo. Futhi gwema ukudla izilwane ezidla ezinye eziphezulu futhi uqiniseke ukuthi okudlayo kuvela emithonjeni ethembekile.
- Vimbela ukungcola kwepulasitiki: njengoba amaphesenti angu-80 okunukubezeka olwandle aqala emhlabeni, yenza ingxenye yakho ukunqanda ukungcola okufinyelela olwandle. Ungasiza ngokusebenzisa imikhiqizo engasetshenziswa kabusha, ugweme ukudla izinto ezilahlwayo, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ubeka imfucuza yakho emigqonyeni efanele.
- Thatha udoti ogwini, futhi ningachithi. Kodwa futhi cabanga ukuthi noma yisiphi isinyathelo ongase usithathe ukuze unciphise indawo yakho yemvelo sizosiza ulwandle ngendlela engaqondile.
- Qhubeka ukhulumela izisombululo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lokho kusemigwaqweni, ukubhala izincwadi eziya kwabathatha izinqumo, ukusayina izicelo, noma ukusekela imikhankaso ezihlose ukuthonya abenzi bezinqumo, ezingeni likazwelonke noma ezingeni lomhlaba jikelele.
I-UN News izoba se-Lisbon ukuzokhuluma ngeNgqungquthela Yasolwandle, ukuze ukwazi ukulindela izindaba, izingxoxo, nezici ezinochwepheshe, intsha, namazwi e-UN.
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