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InkoloubuKristuAmanothi ngoMkhandlu waseFlorence, 1438-39

Amanothi ngoMkhandlu waseFlorence, 1438-39

ISIVIVINYO: Ulwazi nemibono ekhiqizwe kabusha ezihlokweni yilabo abakushoyo futhi kuwumthwalo wabo siqu. Ukushicilelwa ku The European Times akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo ukuvumela umbono, kodwa ilungelo lokuwuveza.

IZINGUQUKO ZOKUNQAPHELA: Zonke iziqephu zendatshana ezikule sayithi zishicilelwa ngesiNgisi. Izinguqulo ezihunyushiwe zenziwa ngenqubo ezenzakalelayo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukuhumusha kwe-neural. Uma ungabaza, bheka njalo isihloko sokuqala. Ngiyabonga ngokuqondisisa.

U-Petar Gramatikov
U-Petar Gramatikovhttps://europeantimes.news
UDkt. Petar Gramatikov unguMhleli Omkhulu kanye noMqondisi we The European Times. Uyilungu le-Union of Bulgarian Reporters. UDkt Gramatikov uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 yokuhlangenwe nakho kwezemfundo ezikhungweni ezahlukene zemfundo ephakeme eBulgaria. Wabuye wahlola izinkulumo, ezihlobene nezinkinga zethiyori ezihilelekile ekusetshenzisweni komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe emthethweni wezenkolo lapho kugxilwe ngokukhethekile ohlakeni olungokomthetho lweNew Religious Movements, inkululeko yenkolo nokuzinqumela, kanye nobudlelwane boMbuso neBandla ngobuningi. -izifundazwe. Ngaphezu kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe kobuchwepheshe nezemfundo, uDkt. Gramatikov uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 isipiliyoni seMedia lapho ebambe khona izikhundla njengoMhleli wephephabhuku lekota lezokuvakasha elithi “Club Orpheus” – “ORPHEUS CLUB Wellness” PLC, Plovdiv; Umxhumanisi nombhali wezinkulumo zezenkolo zerubrikhi ekhethekile yabantu abayizithulu ku-Bulgarian National Television futhi ugunyazwe njengentatheli evela ku-Public Newspaper ethi “Siza Abaswele” eHhovisi leNhlangano Yezizwe eGeneva, eSwitzerland.

Kusuka ku-Anonimous Byzantine Chronicle #104:

Ukuhumusha kusekelwe kuhlelo luka-P. Schreiner - "IziKronike Ezimfushane zaseByzantine" (Peter Schreiner. Die byzantinischen Kleinchroniken. Teil I-III. Wien. 1977-79) - into 1 p.661-663 (umbhalo wesiGreki) kanye nento 3 ikhasi 135 (Ukuhunyushwa kwesiJalimane).

Imibhalo yesandla: Athen, Benaki-Museum, 19, 417V.

Izinguqulo: Lambros, Siloge Nr. 115 (S.156-157).

Umbhalo:

1. Ngonyaka ka-6946 - 1437 - Disemba 21, kwafika uMbhishobhi waseConstantinople, uJoseph1, waseModon, kanye namadolobha amakhulu nababhishobhi abangu-29, kanye nabanye abapristi abavela kubefundisi be-"Holy Sophia", abbots nama-laymen kanye ne-despot Dimitar2. . Bonke bafika nesikebhe esisodwa sobukhosi kanye ne-3 kaPapa. Bahlala izinsuku eziyi-14 eModon.

2. Ngayo leyo nyanga, mhla zingama-28, kwafika umbusi uKoresi John3 evela ePylos nebutho. Futhi ngo-January 3, inzalamizi yahamba futhi wonke amalungu esinodi aya ePylos, lapho uMbusi uJohane ayekhona.

3. Ngo-1439, ngoNovemba 16, kwafika eModon ngomkhumbi uGabriel Barbarigo, uMbusi uJohane nawo wonke amalungu esinodi. Futhi wasusa umbusi nomfowabo ngezwe waya eMantene.

4. Futhi ngo-November 23, ngawo lowo nyaka, umbhishobhi wesiLatini (amaFrank) nabapristi bakhe bagubha imisa. Futhi umbhishobhi wamaRoma4 nabefundisi abazange bahlele misa ngalolo suku; amaLatins (amaFrank) namaRoma enza ukugona kuphela enyameni yesiLatini. Futhi ngomhla zingama-5 kuyo le nyanga, ebandleni likaSaint John the Theology, umbhishobhi waseRoma uJosephus, onegama lezwe elithi Kontaratos, wagubha imisa, futhi bonke abefundisi kanye nedolobha lonke, abahlala ngaphakathi nasezindaweni ezizungezile, amaLatins. kanye namaRoma. Bathatha nezinkwa ezingcwelisiwe - induna yenqaba, nazo zonke izinceku nabafazi bazo, ngendlela efanayo namaRoma.

5. Ukubuyisana kwamabandla kwenzeka ngonyaka ka-14396, ngesikhathi sikaPapa ojabulayo waseRoma, u-Eugenius.

6. UMbhishobhi waseConstantinople wafela eFlorence,

7. kanye neMetropolitan yaseSardesi.

8. AmaLatini ahlukana nathi futhi axoshwa ngonyaka ka-62867.

amanothi:

1. Inzalamizi uJoseph II Shishman (1416-1439).

2. Umfowabo woMbusi waseByzantium uJohn VIII.

3. UMbusi uJohn VIII Paleologus (1425-1448).

4. Embhalweni wesiGreki amaLatins abizwa ngokuthi amaFranks.

5. U-Schreiner une-Roman, okudala ukudideka okuthile. Phakathi neNkathi Ephakathi, ababhali bangaphandle (kuhlanganise nesiBulgaria) bavame ukubiza amaByzantines "amaGreki". Abantu baseByzantium ngokwabo, ababebhekwa njengabalandela uMbuso WaseRoma WaseMpumalanga, babebizwa ngokuthi amaRoma. Ukuze ugweme ukudideka olimini lwesiBulgaria, amaByzantine avame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-Romai esikhundleni samaRoma.

6. Imayelana nenyunyana yabefundisi ephethwayo yoMkhandlu weFerrero-Florentine (umkhandlu wamasonto onke wesonto lamaRoma Katolika, 1438–45).

7. Sikhuluma ngoHlelo Olukhulu olwaba khona ngo-1054, lapho amabandla aseMpumalanga nawaseNtshonalanga ahlukana khona.

Isithombe: Isithonjana sabaPhostoli abangama-70

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