Ngonyaka odlule, uMbhishobhi weSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia uKirill wayehalalisele uGorbachev ngeminyaka yakhe engu-90.th usuku lokuzalwa. Kodwa lokho kwakungaphambi kwempi. Lapho uMongameli wokugcina weSoviet Union eshona ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezedlule, uKirill wahlala ethule, engadlulisi amazwi enduduzo, futhi akakhiphanga sitatimende. Lokho akubonakali kuyiphutha.
Eqinisweni, abashisekeli besonto le-Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) banenzondo noGorbachev. Lokho kungase kubonakale kuyinqaba, uma wazi ukuthi uyena owaqeda iminyaka engu-70 yengcindezelo (ngokwehla nokwenyuka) kwamakholwa obu-Orthodox eSoviet Union. Ngo-1988, uGorbachev waba nomhlangano wemizuzu engu-90 noMbhishobhi Pimen, lapho avuma khona amaphutha eSoviet Union ngesonto futhi wathembisa inkathi entsha yenkululeko engokwenkolo. Futhi wasifeza isithembiso sakhe.
Umhlangano kaGorbachev noJohn Paul II
Kodwa ngisho nangaphambi kokumisa umthetho odumile wenkululeko engokwenkolo ngo-1990, uGorbachev welula ukuyekelela kwaseRussia ngaphezu kweSonto Lobu-Orthodox LaseRussia kuphela. Ngo-December 1989, wahlangana noPapa John-Paul II (lowo kwakuwumbukiso wokuqala) futhi wathembisa ukuthi iSoviet Union izoqinisekisa inkululeko yenkolo ekhaya. “Abantu bezivumo eziningi, kuhlanganise amaKristu, amaSulumane, amaJuda, amaBuddha nabanye bahlala eSoviet Union. Bonke banelungelo lokwanelisa izidingo zabo ezingokomoya,” kusho uGorbachev ngalolo suku. Igama elithi “abanye” ngokuqinisekile laliwumnyango ovulekile wamahlelo amaningi enkolo, futhi umbono oye waba yiphupho elibi lombuso kaPutin, uthethelela ingxenye yenzondo abayifunga namuhla kuMikhail Gorbachev.
U-Gorbachev wayengakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, ngisho noma ebhapathizwa njengom-Orthodox lapho esemncane. Kodwa ukuzimisela kwakhe ukuvumela inkululeko engokwenkolo eNhlanganweni Yobumbano kwabangela amahlebezi okuthi wayengumKatolika. Ngisho noMengameli wangaleso sikhathi waseMelika uReagan wayeqagelile ukuthi uGorby wayengaba “ikholwa lasendlini”. Nakuba kwakungase kube ukuncoma kuReagan, kwakungenjalo eSoviet Union, lapho abaholi bezombangazwe namalungu eqembu kwakudingeka bangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu, noma-ke. Kodwa ku-ROC, ukusolwa ngobuKatolika kubi kakhulu kunokungakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Ekugcineni, ngo-2008, UGorbachev kwadingeka aqinisekise kwa-Interfax ukuthi akakholelwa kuNkulunkulu: “”Ukuze ngifingqe futhi ngigweme noma yikuphi ukungezwani, mangisho ukuthi bengingakholelwa kuNkulunkulu futhi ngisalokhu ngiphika,” esho.
Umthetho omusha oqinisekisa inkululeko yenkolo
Ngo-1990, wasayina umthetho omusha oqinisekisa inkululeko yenkolo eNyunyana. Lo mthetho, “umthetho weNkululeko yenkolo”, owamukelwa yiNkantolo Ephakeme yase-USSR, udale umoya ohlanzekile lapho izinhlangano eziningi zenkolo ezivela emazweni aseNtshonalanga zigijimela khona. Lokho bekunzima kakhulu ku-ROC. Yize ivumele i-ROC ukuthi ikhulise izimpahla zayo ngezigidi futhi ikhule ngendlela engakaze ibonwe eminyakeni engama-70 edlule, ayikwazanga ukubekezelela ukufika kwabaqhudelana nabo, futhi ayizange icabange ukuthi kuzodingeka ime ngokulingana nazo zonke lezi “ abaprofethi bamanga”, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi babengamaKatolika, abavangeli, oFakazi BakaJehova noma “bangamahlelo” ayinkulungwane aqala ukwanda ezweni.
Ngenxa yalezi zizathu, uMbhishobhi omkhulu u-Alexy II waseMoscow kanye nama-apparatchik akanye nawo ama-Orthodox balwela umthetho omusha abaze bawubhala, futhi lowo uYeltsin awuphasisa ngo-1997. Kwaphela kanjalo-ke inkululeko engokwenkolo yawo wonke umuntu eRussia, futhi i-ROC yathola yonke imithetho. isivikelo namalungelo eyayiwafuna kanye nje. Kusukela ngalolo suku, imithetho emisha yenezelwa kulo, evimbela nakakhulu inkululeko engokwenkolo eRussia, manje esezoba umbangi omkhulu waseShayina mayelana nokucindezelwa ngokwenkolo.
Ku-ROC, inkululeko yenkolo iwukuwohloka kwaseNtshonalanga
Usuyaqonda-ke ukuthi kungani uGorby engazange akuthole ukunakwa nguPatriarch Kirill ngesikhathi edlula emhlabeni. Ngicabanga ukuthi uGorbachev akanandaba kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, manje njengoba uKirill engomunye wabaphikisi abanamandla bempi yaseRussia e-Ukraine, ukuyithethelela ngokucabangela imetaphysical, wayengeke neze abe muhle kulowo onikeze inkululeko kuwo wonke “amahlelo” aseNtshonalanga akholelwa ukuthi angamandla abangela uguquko lwaseMaidan e-Ukraine, futhi awusongo ku-ROC hegemony endaweni yangaphambili yeSoviet Union. Ama-Russian Nationalists, noma kufanele ngithi, "izwe laseRussia" abashisekeli bobuzwe, bayayizonda iNtshonalanga, ngakho bayamzonda uGorbachev ngokuvulela amakholwa ezinkolo ezazalelwa eNtshonalanga umnyango. Bancoma inkululeko lapho beyinikezwa futhi bakholelwa ukuthi abanye ayibafanele.
Sikholelwa ukuthi inkululeko yenkolo yawo wonke umuntu iyilungelo lomhlaba wonke. Bakholelwa ukuthi ukuwohloka. Noma bakholelwa enzuzweni yabo, futhi abafuni ukwabelana. Noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu esingemuva, uGorby wayengeyena umfana omuhle kubo. UPutin ukholelwa ukuthi wayithengisa iNyunyana. UKirill ukholelwa ukuthi wathengisa indawo yenkolo ye-Great Russia. Eqinisweni, uGorbachev akazange athengise lutho. Wanikeza abantu bakhe inkululeko ethile, nokuthi, noma yini ezokwenzeka phakathi neminyaka ezayo, iyohlala futhi ibuye ibuye. Njengoba abantu baseRussia babenambitha inkululeko yenkolo, futhi bayokhumbula phakade ukuthi kungenzeka, kuyafiseleka, futhi ekugcineni kubalulekile ukuphila ukuphila okukhululekile nokulula.
