Engxoxweni nomagazini wesiFulentshi Figaro ngoJanuwari 30, u-Sonia Backes, iPhini likaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi Wokuba yisakhamuzi, umemezele ukuthi uhlose ukuxoxisana neYurophu ngodaba lokusebenzisa “amahlelo” ezingosi zokuxhumana. Ukulwa nalokho akubiza ngokuthi “ukuchezuka kwamahlelo”, ucabanga ukuthi “Uma sifuna ukungenelela maqondana nezinkundla zokuxhumana, isenzo okufanele sithathwe kufanele sibe sezingeni laseYurophu.”
U-Sonia Backes, iPhini LikaNgqongqoshe omusha Wezakhamuzi
U-Sonia Backes ungumlingiswa othakazelisayo. Evela esifundazweni esikude saseFrance, iNew Caledonia, eyayiyikoloni laseFrance ePacific Ocean namanje eselingaphansi kweFrance, lapho azakhela khona igama ngokuba usopolitiki onolaka owayemelene nokuzimela, uqokwe njengoNobhala Wezwe Lobuzwe. kuhulumeni waseFrance ngoJulayi 2022, ngaphansi kwegunya likaNgqongqoshe Wezangaphakathi. Ngakho-ke, kuphothifoliyo yakhe kwakufakwe i-ejensi engavamile yaseFrance ebizwa ngokuthi i-Miviludes (isifinyezo se-French Inter-ministerial mission yokuqapha nokulwa nokuphambuka kwamasiko), enomsebenzi wokulwa “namahlelo” eFrance, igama elingacacile lezinkolo ezingakwenzi lokho. ujabulele ukwamukelwa yiziphathimandla zaseFrance, okungukuthi, izinkolo eziyinhloko. UBacks, ovikela “izindinganiso zobuKristu” lapho eseCaledonia, kanye “nobuthakathi” obuqinile lapho eseFrance, wabeka indima yakhe entsha enhliziyweni yakhe.
Nakuba iMiviludes igxekwe kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele ngenxa yokuma kwayo ngokumelene nezinhlangano ezithile zezenkolo phakathi neminyaka, ayikuqalisi ukugxekwa kwabezindaba zaseFrance. Kunalokho, ithola ukwesekwa okubalulekile kubo ngenkulumo-ze yabo emelene namahlelo. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokuqokwa, uBacks wahamba cishe yonke imithombo yezindaba yaseFrance echaza indima yakhe njengomdala we-Miviludes, nesidingo sokuqinisa ukulwa "namahlelo". Okwakuthakazelisa kakhulu ukulandisa ayekusabalalisa, ukuthi wakhuliswa “ngo Scientology” ngo a Scientologist umama, nokuthi kwadingeka abaleke Scientology kanye nomama wakhe lapho eneminyaka engu-13, ngemva “kokuthola” ukuthi wayesenkolweni yenkolo.
Sonia Backes kanye Scientology
Lokhu kulandisa kubonakale kwamukeleka kahle kwabezindaba baseFrance, nakuba kumuntu ongaphandle kungase kubukeke kuyinqaba ukuthi uNgqongqoshe ezweni elibuswa ngentando yeningi aziphindiselele “ngokomndeni” enhlanganweni ethile yezenkolo, uSonia Backes waze waveza ukuthi yayisebenzela imithetho emisha eyayizovumela uMbuso ukuba ulwe Scientology imisebenzi ezindaweni zaseFrance. (Kungase kuthakazelise ukuqaphela ukuthi ngaphandle kweFrance, Scientology ibhekwa njengenkolo yeqiniso futhi ijabulela lesi simo esingokomthetho, uma sibala ezimbalwa, iSpain, Italy, i-UK, Portugal kanye Abase Netherlands lapho isanda kuthola khona isimo esisemthethweni “sensizakalo yomphakathi” yiziphathimandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho naseFrance, izinkantolo eziningi ziye zasiqaphela isimo senkolo Scientology). Isizathu sokuthi anikeze lo msebenzi omusha ukuthi Scientology uhlose ukuvula isakhiwo seBandla esisha esikhulu endaweni yaseParis futhi “iziphathimandla” zazizamile ukukuvimba ukwenza lokho, kodwa iBandla lanqoba enkantolo. Ngakho-ke 'isizathu' sakhe sasiwukuthi lokhu kwehluleka kweziphathimandla kubonisa ukuthi imithetho ekhona ayenele. (IBandla lika Scientology ngempela iphumelele enkantolo ngemuva kokuthi iHholo Ledolobha laseSaint Denis lizame ukulivimba ukuthi liqale ukulungiswa kwesakhiwo, futhi iNkantolo Yokudlulisa Amacala eyanquma icala, yalahla iHholo Ledolobha kanye noMbuso ngokusebenzisa kabi amandla, ukugwetshwa kanzima Amanxusa kahulumeni).
Ngeshwa lakhe, uSonia Backes unomfowabo ongu Scientologist ngokwakhe, futhi ubani owanikela ingxoxo lapho anikeze khona ukulandisa okuhlukile kobuntwana bukaBacks. Ngokusho komfowethu, “Iqiniso liwukuthi akazange 'abaleke Scientology' njengoba enza sengathi 'Le Figaro' (Iphephandaba lesiFulentshi) nakwezinye izindawo”.
Uyachaza ukuthi umama wabo ngempela wayengu Scientologist, ukuthi ubezinakekela kahle izingane zakhe, okuhlanganisa no-Backs, nokuthi uSonia walinda ukuba umama wakhe ashone (umama ka-Backes ushone ngoJulayi 23, 2022) ngaphambi kokusakaza amanga mayelana Scientology nomndeni wakhe. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi kungani udadewabo kwakuzodingeka “asungule” indaba enjalo, waphendula: “Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba ashone, umama wangibonisa futhi wanginika umyalezo uSonia ayesanda kuwuthumela kuye. Kulo myalezo, u-Sonia Backes wayechaza ukuthi uzoba noMiviludes esikhundleni sakhe njengoNobhala Wezwe, futhi wayesaba ukuthi iMediapart (iphephandaba laseFrance elisebenza ngokukhethekile ekuphenyeni osopolitiki namahlazo okungenzeka) lithole ukuthi umama wethu a Scientologist. Njengoba wazi, i-Miviludes ibilokhu ikhuthaza ukucwaswa Scientologists. Khona-ke, uSonia wengeza ngokuthi ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuzofanele asho ukuthi uwushiyile umndeni ngenxa yalokhu Scientology, ukuze kugwenywe ihlazo.”
Empeleni lo myalezo, esithole ithuba lokuwufunda ngokugcwele, wangomhla ziyisi-9 kuJulayi 2022 futhi ufundeka kanje:
USonia Backes: Sawubona, nami bengifuna ukukutshela okuthile. Kwiphothifoliyo yami 'nginokulwa nokuchezuka kwamahlelo'. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi iMediapart ithatha iqiniso lokuthi uyi- Scientologist. Njengamanje ngibona indlela yokubhekana nesihloko ukuze singaqhumi. Kodwa kuzomele ngisho ukuthi ngiwushiyile umuzi wakho ngenxa yalokhu. Futhi ngenqaba ukuthi ukhulume nami ngalesi sihloko… Asibonane uma nginesikhathi esincane!
Lokho vele kuthanda ukufakazela ukulandisa komfowethu ngaphezu kukaSonia Backes. Khona-ke umama waphendula lo mbhalo: “Kungaba ngcono ukube ubungakhuluma iqiniso, eliwukuthi ngokuthanda kwakho uhlala eCaledonia.” USonia wabe esemema unina nosingababa, bobabili Scientologists, ukumvakashela ehhovisi lakhe elisha loMnyango Wezangaphakathi, okubonisa ukuthi wayengakunqamuli ukuxhumana naye Scientologist umndeni ngaphambi kokuthi umama wakhe ashone.
Ngokuphambene nalokho ayekulindele, iMediapart ayizange ithathe umdlalo Scientology indaba, futhi kubukeka sengathi abanandaba nalolo hlobo lwempikiswano yenkolo, benesithakazelo kakhulu ezindabeni zenkohlakalo ngamalungu kahulumeni. Ngokwazi kwethu, iBandla lika Scientology akazange aphawule ngobuntwana bukaBakes nobudlelwano bakhe nonina ongasekho.
Izixhumanisi zikaMiviludes nabashisekeli baseRussia
I-Miviludes inomlando omude wokuhlasela izinhlangano zenkolo ezintsha eFrance futhi ngenkathi namuhla isaqhubeka nokuhlasela oFakazi BakaJehova, abaVangeli, namanye amaqembu enkolo njenge Scientology noma amaqembu amaBuddha, yanweba ububanzi bayo ukuze ihlanganise abacwaningi bozungu, abasindile, ukunyakaza kwemvelo kanye nabelaphi bezempilo abahlukile, ebhodweni elincibilikayo eliyinqaba futhi idweba iziqhathaniso eziyingozi kakhulu.
Kodwa okugqama kakhulu izixhumanisi ze-Miviludes nabe-Russian anti-Ukrainians propagandists, umfelandawonye osekelwe ekufaniseni okuhlosiwe (izinkolo ezingamukelekile), kuze kube yilapho muva nje, izazi ezivelele ze-80 zase-Ukraine. ubhalele uMongameli uMacron emcela ukuthi ayeke ukuxhasa i-FECRIS, umfelandawonye wase-Europe ozinze e-France oseke waba nguzakwethu ophambili we-Miviludes amashumi eminyaka, futhi unabasakazi abaningi be-Kremlin hardliner ezinhlwini zayo. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, uMiviludes noSonia Backes baqhubekile nokubambisana ngokusemthethweni ne-FECRIS futhi eKomidini layo eliqondisayo kukhona owayengusopolitiki, uGeorges Fenech, owavakashela eCrimea namanye amalungu ephalamende ngo-2019, ukuyohlangana noPutin futhi afakaze ngokuthi iCrimea ilungile kangakanani. yayenza ngaphansi kokulawulwa yiRussia.
Ngo-2020, i-FECRIS yahlonzwa yiKhomishini YaseMelika Yenkululeko Yezenkolo Yamazwe Ngamazwe (USCIRF), inhlangano kahulumeni wase-US ehlangene kabili, njengengozi yentando yeningi namalungelo abantu, futhi yawuveza njengokuthi ibambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo “emkhankasweni oqhubekayo wokusabalalisa ulwazi olumayelana nezinkolo ezincane”.
Imizamo kaMiviludes yokuguqula iYurophu
Akukhona okokuqala ukuthi i-French Miviludes izame ukuthumela imodeli yayo ezingeni laseYurophu. Umzamo wabo wokugcina wawungowezi-2013-2014, lapho bejube iLungu lePhalamende laseFrance (naye oyilungu lekomidi eliqondisa iMiviludes) uRudy Salles, ukuthi asebenzele ePhalamende LePhalamende LoMkhandlu WaseYurophu (PACE) ukuze likhiphe isincomo. kanye nesinqumo endabeni “yamahlelo nezingane ezincane”. NgoMashi 2014, u-Salles wayehlongoze kokubili isincomo esisalungiswa kanye nesinqumo esisalungiswa, okuhloswe ngaso ukuthumela imodeli yesiFulentshi emazweni angama-47 oMkhandlu WaseYurophu nokudala "indawo yokubuka amahlelo" ezingeni laseYurophu, uhlobo lweMiviludes yaseYurophu. eyayizokwengamela ukucindezelwa kwezinkolo ezincane ezwenikazi.
Imibhalo esalungiswa yadala umsindo emhlabeni wonke, futhi i-PACE yathola izincwadi zokubhikisha ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba, zivela kwizazi ezingamaJuda zakwa-Israel ziya kwabaziwayo. Iqembu laseMoscow Helsinki emifelandawonye yamalungelo abantu yamaSulumane kanye namaKristu (amaKhatholika namaProthestani) nabavikeli bamalungelo abantu abangakholelwa kuNkulunkulu. Ngisho nowayengummeli weNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu, umFulentshi uVincent Berger, waphumela obala futhi wamemezela emagcekeni oMkhandlu ukuthi isibonelo saseFrance esichazwe emibhalweni esalungiswa “sasizoyibukela phansi kakhulu inkululeko engokwenkolo nenkululeko yokuhlangana eqinisekiswa yiSivumelwano SaseYurophu. ngamalungelo Abantu. Ngempela, bahlambalaza wonke amaqembu amasha enkolo nangokomoya aqhamuke eYurophu kanye namasonto namahlelo endabuko…”
Ngokungamangalisi, usuku lokuvota yiPhalamende lePhalamende, amaPhalamende aseYurophu asenqaba lesi sincomo futhi anquma ukuguqula isinqumo. kokuphambene nayo, esula kuyo noma yiziphi iziphakamiso ezibandlululayo, futhi esikhundleni sazo kufakwe izitatimende ezilandelayo:
IsiGungu sinxusa amazwe angamalungu ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi akukho ukucwasana okuvunyelwe ngesisekelo salokho ukunyakaza okubhekwa njengehlelo noma cha, ukuthi akukho mehluko owenziwe phakathi kwezinkolo zendabuko nezinhlangano zenkolo ezingezona ezendabuko, izinhlangano zenkolo ezintsha noma “amahlelo” lapho kumayelana nokusetshenziswa komthetho wezakhamuzi nobugebengu, nokuthi isinyathelo ngasinye esithathwayo maqondana nezinhlangano zenkolo ezingezona ezendabuko, izinhlangano zenkolo ezintsha noma “amahlelo” zihambisana nezindinganiso zamalungelo abantu njengoba zibekwe yi-European Convention on Human Rights kanye nezinye. amathuluzi afanelekile avikela isithunzi esitholakala kubo bonke abantu kanye namalungelo abo alinganayo nangenakuphikwa.
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IsiGungu asikholelwa ukuthi zikhona izizathu zokubandlulula phakathi kwezinkolo ezimisiwe nezinye, okuhlanganisa izinkolo ezincane nezinkolo, ekusebenziseni le migomo.
Lokhu kwachazwa emhlabeni wonke njengokwehluleka okukhulu kwamaMiviludes kanye nokunqoba inkululeko yenkolo noma yenkolelo, futhi iminyaka eminingi iFrance ayizange izame ukuthumela imodeli yayo phesheya futhi. Noma kunjalo, kungenzeka ukuthi uSonia Backes akasazi lesi sigameko esibangela amahloni eFrance futhi uzozama ukuphinda ukwehluleka.
Umthetho wecala leNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu
Esinye isici esibalulekile okufanele sicatshangelwe ukuthi iNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu (ECHR) iye yawandisa kakhulu umthetho wayo mayelana nalesi sihloko kule minyaka edlule. Isinqumo sakamuva mayelana nalolu daba sithi “Tonchev kanye nabanye v. Bulgaria.” Kuleso sinqumo, eyakhishwa ngo-December 12, 2022, i-ECHR yalahla iBulgaria ngecala lokwephulwa kwesigaba 9 (inkululeko yenkolo noma yenkolelo), ngemva kokuba amasonto amathathu eVangeli ecwaswe ngencwadi eyindilinga ngokuthi “amahlelo ayingozi,” futhi yabheka ukuthi “lawa izinyathelo kungenzeka zibe nemiphumela engemihle ekusetshenzisweni kwenkululeko engokwenkolo ngamalungu amasonto okukhulunywa ngawo”.
Umthetho wakamuva kakhulu ophathelene noMbuso oxhaswe “ngolimi oluhlambalazayo nezinsolo ezingenabufakazi” ezinkolelweni zenkolo uhlanganisa nesinqumo sangomhla zi-7 Juni 2022 (i-Taganrog LRO and Others v. Russia) esathi:
“Ngemuva kokwethulwa koMthetho Wezinkolo omusha owawudinga ukuthi izinhlangano zezenkolo zifake isicelo sokubhaliswa kabusha, oFakazi BakaJehova babonakala bekhethelwe ukuphathwa ngendlela ehlukile, kanye nezinye izinhlangano zenkolo ezibhekwa “njengezinkolo ezingezona ezendabuko”, okuhlanganisa neNsindiso. Ibutho kanye neBandla lika Scientology. INkantolo yathola ukuthi bonke babenqatshelwe ukubhaliswa okusha ngezizathu ezingokomthetho ezingamanga nokuthi, ngokwenza kanjalo, iziphathimandla zaseRussia enhloko-dolobha yaseMoscow zazingazange “zenze ngobuqotho” futhi “zaziwushaye indiva umsebenzi wazo wokungathathi hlangothi nokungakhethi” .
Ngo-2021, iRussia yayilahlwe yicala “lokuhluleka ukuvikela izinkolelo zenhlangano yenkolo yase-Krishna enkulumweni enenzondo esetshenziswa iziphathimandla zoMbuso wesifunda encwajaneni “emelene nenkolo”, esinqumweni esithi “I-Center of Societies for Krishna Consciousness in Russia and Frolov v. Russia”. Maqondana nelungelo lokuguqulela abantu kwenye inkolo, iNkantolo yakhumbuza iziphathimandla zaseRussia ukuthi “leyo nkululeko yokubonisa inkolo yomuntu ihlanganisa nelungelo lokuzama ukukholisa umakhelwane wakho, uma ehluleka, ngaphezu kwalokho, “inkululeko yokushintsha inkolo noma izinkolelo zakhe”, ebekiwe. kuleso Sihlokwana, kungenzeka sihlale siyincwadi efile”.
Ngakho-ke, ngamanye amazwi, kungenzeka ukuthi iPhini likaNgqongqoshe waseFrance u-Sonia Backes akazazi ngempela lezi zindaba ezikhavwe kabanzi okwenze i-France yaba inkundla yamazwe ngamazwe mayelana nezinqubomgomo nokuma kwayo okumelene nenkolo amashumi eminyaka manje. Kungenzeka ukuthi uthambekele ekulweleni kanzima ukuyixazulula inkinga futhi. Uma kunjalo, ngeshwa izophinde iveze ukukhanya okudabukisayo ngezwe lakhe, njengoba kwenzeka esikhathini esedlule, okungangabazeki ukuthi kubangele ukusabela okuqinile kwabashisekeli bamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke. Okuwukuphela kombuzo, esikhathini lapho impi namalungelo abantu sekuphinde kwangena enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseYurophu, nayo yonke inhlekelele eyasilethela yona, ukuthi: ingabe iFrance ifuna ukuhlanganyela empini enjalo engavamile nebandlululo?
