I-European Court of Justice (ECJ) iyinkantolo ephakeme kunazo zonke e-European Union (EU). Isungulwe ngo-1952, i-ECJ inesibopho sokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ephasiswe yisishayamthetho se-EU ihambisana nezivumelwano nemithethonqubo ebusa i-EU. I-ECJ isebenza njengonakekeli womthetho we-EU, ixazulula izingxabano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu naphakathi kwabantu ngabanye nohulumeni babo.
Iyini iNkantolo Yobulungisa YaseYurophu?
I-European Court of Justice (ECJ) iyinkantolo ephakeme kunazo zonke e-European Union (EU). I-ECJ inegunya phezu kwazo zonke izingxabano ezingokomthetho ezibandakanya amazwe angamalungu nezikhungo ze-EU. Inesibopho sokuhumusha umthetho we-EU kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imithetho ephasiswe yisishayamthetho se-EU ihambisana nezivumelwano nemithethonqubo elawula inyunyana. Izinqumo ze-ECJ zibophezela kuwo wonke amazwe angamalungu, okusho ukuthi noma yimuphi umthetho ophonswe inselelo ecaleni le-ECJ kufanele uchithwe noma uchitshiyelwe uma kutholakala ukuthi wephula umthetho we-EU.
Umlando ofinyeziwe weNkantolo Yobulungisa YaseYurophu.
I-ECJ yasungulwa ngo-1952 njengengxenye ye-European Coal and Steel Community futhi yaba isikhungo sokwahlulela esimaphakathi se-European Union ngemva kweSivumelwano SaseRoma ngo-1957. Umsebenzi oyinhloko weNkantolo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi yonke imithetho eshaywa izikhungo ze-EU ihambisana izivumelwano zokusungula inyunyana, kanye neminye imithetho ehlobene ye-EU. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iNkantolo inegunya lokubuyekeza izinqumo zenkantolo kazwelonke uma ziphakamisa imibuzo ephathelene nomthetho we-EU.
Isakhiwo Senkantolo Yezobulungisa YaseYurophu.
INkantolo Yobulungisa YaseYurophu yakhiwe izigaba ezintathu ezihlukene. Eyokuqala yiNkantolo Yobulungisa, okuyinkantolo ephakeme kakhulu yomuntu ngamunye ohlelweni lwezinkantolo zamazwe ngamazwe futhi enomthwalo wemfanelo wokuhumusha umthetho we-EU nokuxazulula izingxabano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu noma amazwe. Isigaba sesibili siqukethe iNkantolo Jikelele, ephethe amacala ahlobene nezindaba zomphakathi kanye nezohwebo. Ekugcineni, i-Civil Service Tribunal ilalela izingxabano eziphathelene nabasebenzi abaqashwe izikhungo ze-EU.
Amacala Alethwa Kanjani ENkantolo Yobulungisa YaseYurophu?
Amacala angalethwa eNkantolo Yobulungisa YaseYurophu ngokusebenzisa imigudu ehlukahlukene. Noma yisiphi isakhamuzi noma inhlangano esemthethweni ingaletha isenzo phambi kwenkantolo isola ukuthi amalungelo aso ephuliwe ngenxa yokwephulwa komthetho we-EU, futhi inkantolo inegunya phezu kwanoma yiziphi izingxabano phakathi kwamazwe angamalungu e-EU noma amazwe. Inkantolo futhi inegunya eliqondile lokuphatha ezindabeni ezihlobene nezinqubo zokwephulwa komthetho ezilethwa izwe eliyilungu noma isikhungo. Okokugcina, izinkantolo zikazwelonke zingadlulisela imibuzo yokuchazwa komthetho we-EU enkantolo ukuze icaciselwe.
iziphetho
Ngemva kokuhlolisisa umlando nesakhiwo seNkantolo Yobulungisa YaseYurophu, kungaphethwa ngokuthi iyinkantolo enamandla enomthwalo wamacala ahlaba umxhwele. Ngokusebenzisa amandla okulawula aqondile ezingxabano eziphathelene nomthetho we-EU kanye nokuthumela imibuzo yokutolika enkantolo, abantu ngabanye bayaqinisekiswa ukuthi amalungelo abo ayavikelwa. Ukwengeza, ngohlaka lwayo lwenhlangano oluhlelekile kanye nenqubo evumelana nezimo, i-ECJ iqinisekisa ukuthi amacala aphathwa ngendlela efanele nangendlela efanele.
