I-Zenit Bank yaseRussia ikholelwa ukuthi isengcupheni yokulahlekelwa okungenzeka okuhlobene nemalimboleko eyanikezwa ngo-Okthoba 2021 lapho ibambe iqhaza khona - kodwa yabe isivalwa ohlwini lwabangavunyelwe.
Inkantolo yaseMoscow ivimbele ibhange laseSwitzerland i-UBS kanye neCredit Suisse elilitholile ekukhipheni amasheya ezinkampanini ezingaphansi kwazo zaseRussia. Lokhu kuboniswa ngamadokhumenti asenkantolo ashicilelwe ngemuva kwesicelo seRussia "Zenit Bank", esaba ukulahlekelwa uma ababolekisi baseSwitzerland behamba eRussia, kubika iReuters.
Ibhange iZenit lithumele isitatimende enkantolo sokuthi likholelwa ukuthi izinkampani ezingaphansi kweRussia i-UBS neCredit Suisse zilungiselela ukumisa ukusebenza kwazo eRussia. Lokhu kuzodalula ibhange laseRussia ekulahlekelweni okungaba khona okuhlobene nemalimboleko enikezwe ngo-Okthoba 2021.
Ibhange laseRussia libe selijoyina isivumelwano sokuhlinzeka ngemalimboleko ehlanganisiwe enkampanini yezolimo ezinze eLuxembourg, i-Intergrain, lapho i-Credit Suisse yasebenza njenge-ejenti yemalimboleko.
NgoNovemba 2021, i-Zenit Bank yadlulisela amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-20 kwa-Intergrain. Kodwa-ke, ngemuva kwezijeziso zasentshonalanga ezibekwe ebhange, i-"Credit Suisse" ikwazise ukuthi ngeke idlulisele izinkokhelo kuyo ezihlobene nesikweletu se-"Intergrain".
UCredit Suisse kanye ne-UBS banqabile ukuphawula ngalolu daba ngesikhathi bebuzwa ngabakwaReuters.
Imibhalo yasenkantolo iphinde ikhombise ukuthi iZenith Bank ifake izicelo zesikhashana, icela inkantolo ukuthi ishaqe izimali zeCredit Suisse ne-UBS, futhi ivimbele ukuchithwa kwabo kwamasheya.
Isicelo somkweletu waseRussia sokushaqwa kwezimali asizange saneliseke, futhi iseshini elandelayo yenkantolo ihlelelwe uSepthemba 14.
Ngesonto eledlule, inkantolo yaseMoscow yashaqa impahla yaseRussia iGoldman Sachs ezinze e-US, okuhlanganisa nengxenye engamaphesenti angu-5 e-Children's World, isitolo esikhulu samathoyizi ezweni.
Khonamanjalo, i-ruble yaseRussia yehle kakhulu ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula, futhi ibhange elikhulu lezwe selingenelele ukuzama ukunqanda lesi slide, kubika i-Associated Press.
Kuze kube manje, iziphathimandla ziye zagwema ukusebenza, njengoba i-ruble ebuthakathaka isizuzise isabelomali. Kodwa-ke, imali ebuthakathaka nayo ithwala ingozi yamanani aphezulu kubantu abavamile, futhi uhulumeni ekugcineni uyangenelela ukuzama ukuqeda lo mkhuba.
I-Associated Press iveza izici ezibalulekile okufanele wazi mayelana nokuthi kwenzekani nge-ruble:
Izici eziyisisekelo zomnotho zinendima, kodwa izinto azigcini lapho. I-Russia ithengisa kancane phesheya - ikakhulukazi ikhombisa ukwehla kwemali engenayo kawoyela negesi yemvelo - futhi ingenisa ngaphezulu. Lapho izimpahla zingeniswa eRussia, abantu noma izinkampani kufanele zithengise ama-ruble ngemali yangaphandle njengedola noma i-euro, futhi lokhu kucindezela i-ruble.
Imali enqwabelene yohwebo yaseRussia (okusho ukuthi idayisa izimpahla eziningi kwamanye amazwe kunezithengayo) inciphile, futhi imali enqwabelene yohwebo ivame ukusekela izimali zezwe. I-Russia yayivame ukwenza imali enkulu yohwebo ngenxa yamanani aphezulu kawoyela kanye nokwehla kwempahla ethengwayo evela kwamanye amazwe ngemuva kokuhlasela kwe-Ukraine. Kodwa-ke, amanani kawoyela ongahluziwe ehlile kulo nyaka, kanti iRussia nayo ikuthola kunzima ukuthengisa uwoyela wayo ngenxa yezinhlawulo zamazwe aseNtshonalanga, okuhlanganisa nokwehla kwentengo kawoyela ongahluziwe kanye nemikhiqizo kaphethiloli efana nodizili.
“Ukungena kancane kancane kwezimali zakwamanye amazwe ngenxa yokwehla kwempahla ethunyelwa ngaphandle kuyisici esibalulekile” ekwehleni kwe-ruble, ngokusho kweKyiv School of Economics.
Ngaleso sikhathi, cishe unyaka nesigamu ngemuva kokuqala kwempi, ukuthengwa kwempahla yaseRussia sekuqalile ukululama njengoba amaRussia ethola izindlela zokuzungeza unswinyo. Okunye ukuhwebelana kuphambukiswa emazweni ase-Asia angakajoyini unswinyo. Abangenisa kwamanye amazwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bathola izindlela zokuthutha izimpahla emazweni angomakhelwane njenge-Armenia, Georgia kanye neKazakhstan.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iRussia iye yandisa ukusetshenziswa kwayo kwezokuvikela, isibonelo ngokuthela imali ezinkampanini ezenza izikhali. Izinkampani kufanele zithenge kwamanye amazwe izingxenye kanye nempahla, kanti enye imali kahulumeni ingena ephaketheni labasebenzi, ikakhulukazi ngoba izwe libhekene nengwadla yokushoda kwabasebenzi. Lokho kuchithwa kukahulumeni kukodwa, kanye nokuzimisela kwe-India kanye neChina ukuthenga uwoyela waseRussia, kusiza umnotho wezwe ukuthi wenze kangcono kunalokho obekulindelwe abaningi. I-International Monetary Fund ibonise ngenyanga edlule ukuthi ibikezela ukuthi umnotho waseRussia uzokhula ngamaphesenti angu-1.5 kulo nyaka.
I-ruble ebuthaka yenza ukwehla kwamandla emali kube kubi kakhulu njengoba kwenza ukuthenga kwamanye amazwe kubize kakhulu. Futhi ubuthakathaka be-ruble buya ngokuya budluliselwa kubantu ngamanani abawakhokhayo. Ezinyangeni ezintathu ezedlule, ukwehla kwamandla emali kufinyelele kumaphesenti angu-7.6, nakuba ibhange lombuso belihlose ukuthi libe ngamaphesenti amane.
Izinga eliphezulu lenzalo lizokwenza kubize kakhulu ukuthola isikweletu futhi lokhu kufanele kukhawulele isidingo sasekhaya sezimpahla, okuhlanganisa nezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke iBhange Elikhulu LaseRussia (i-RBC) lizama ukupholisa umnotho wasekhaya ukuze lehlise ukwehla kwamandla emali. Ibhange linyuse izinga lenzalo yalo lisuka kumaphesenti angu-8.5 laya kumaphesenti angu-12 emhlanganweni ophuthumayo izolo ngemuva kokuthi ukwehla kwe-ruble kugxekwe umeluleki wezomnotho waseKremlin.
Ukuthunyelwa kwe-Russia kwamanye amazwe kunciphile ngenxa yokuthi amadlelandawonye aseNtshonalanga aduba uwoyela waseRussia futhi abeka umkhawulo wentengo ekuhlinzekweni kwawo kwamanye amazwe. Izijeziso zivimbela izinkampani zomshwalense noma izinkampani zempahla (iningi lazo ezinze emazweni aseNtshonalanga) ekusebenzeni nezinkontileka zikawoyela waseRussia ezingaphezu kuka-$60 umphongolo.
I-cap kanye nokuduba, okwabekwa ngonyaka odlule, kuphoqe iRussia ukuthi ithengise ngesaphulelo futhi ithathe izinyathelo ezibizayo njengokuthenga umkhumbi "wamathangi ayizipoki" angaphandle kokufinyelela unswinyo. I-Russia iphinde yamisa ukuthengiswa kwegesi yemvelo e-Europe, ikhasimende layo elikhulu kunawo wonke.
Imali engenayo kawoyela yehle ngamaphesenti angama-23 engxenyeni yokuqala yonyaka, kodwa iMoscow isahola ama-dinar ayizigidi ezingama-425 ngosuku ngokuthengiswa kukawoyela, ngokusho kweKyiv School of Economics.
Kodwa-ke, amanani aphezulu kawoyela asanda kuthumela izimpahla zaseRussia ngaphezu kwenani lentengo, kusho i-International Energy Agency (IEA) embikweni wayo ka-Agasti.
Ukuqaliswa kabusha kokungeniswa kwamanye amazwe kukhombisa ukuthi iRussia ithola izindlela zokunqanda unswinyo kanye nokuduba. Ibiza kakhulu futhi inzima, kepha uma umuntu edinga i-iPhone noma imoto yaseNtshonalanga, angayithola. Ngakho-ke ukwehla kwe-ruble kubangelwa unswinyo, imizamo ephumelelayo yokugwema imiphumela yabo kanye nemizamo yezempi yaseMoscow.
"I-ruble eshibhile ngokwengxenye ikhombisa imiphumela yenswinyo, kodwa ayikhombisi inkinga yezomnotho," kusho uChris Wafer, oyi-CEO yeMacro Advisory Partners.
Eqinisweni, ukwehla kwe-ruble kuye kwasiza uhulumeni ngezindlela ezithile ezibalulekile.
Izinga lokushintshisana eliphansi lisho ama-ruble engeziwe edola ngalinye iMoscow elitholayo ekuthengisweni kwamafutha neminye imikhiqizo. Lokhu kwandisa imali umbuso ongayisebenzisa ezinhlelweni zokuvikela nezomphakathi okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa imithelela yenswinyo kubantu baseRussia.
“Okwenziwe yibhange elikhulu kanye nomnyango wezezimali kulezi zinyanga ezimbalwa ezedlule ukuzama ukulungisa ukwehla kwenani ledola lamarisidi kawoyela nge-ruble ebuthakathaka ukuze kushoda ngendlela yokusebenzisa imali kuqukethwe futhi i-Wafer ilawuleke kakhulu. .
Phakathi kwezijeziso nemingcele ekukhipheni imali ngaphandle kwezwe, izinga lokushintshaniswa kwe-ruble lisezandleni zebhange eliphakathi, elingacebisa abadayisi abakhulu bamazwe angaphandle ukuthi bashintshe nini imali yabo yedola ngama-ruble aseRussia.
Lapho i-ruble idlula umkhawulo wama-ruble ayi-100 ngedola ngalinye, i-Kremlin ne-Central Bank badweba umugqa.
"Ubuthakathaka bebuhleliwe, kodwa buhambe kakhulu futhi bafuna ukubuyisela izinto emuva," wengeza u-Wafer, owathi i-ruble izohweba phakathi kwebanga lama-90-ruble-to-dollar ezinyangeni ezizayo, cishe. lapho uhulumeni efuna khona.
Ukwehla kwamandla emali okubangelwa ukwehla kwe-ruble sekushaye abantu abampofu kakhulu kunabanye ngoba besebenzisa imali yabo eningi ezintweni eziyizidingongqangi ezifana nokudla.
Ukuya phesheya - okujatshulelwa kakhulu yidlanzana labahlali basemadolobheni aphumelelayo njengeMoscow neSt Petersburg - kubiza kakhulu ngenxa ye-ruble ebuthakathaka.
Kunoma yikuphi, ukucasuka komphakathi kuye kwanqunywa uma kunikezwe izinyathelo ezibekwe yiziphathimandla zokugxeka "ukusebenza" kwezempi, kuhlanganise nosongo lokuboshwa.
Isithombe sika-Pixabay: https://www.pexels.com/photo/bank-banknotes-bills-business-210705/
