Islam noma Islamism namuhla eYurophu?

I-Islam iyinkolo ka-Abrahama ekholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa eyasungulwa ngekhulu lesi-7 e-Arabhiya ngumprofethi we-Islam Muhammad, ukuthula nensindiso makube phezu kwakhe. Abalandeli bamaSulumane, ababizwa ngokuthi amaSulumane, bakholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa, uAllah, futhi babheka iKoran njengencwadi yabo engcwele.

I-Islamism, ngakolunye uhlangothi, yigama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza imibono yezombangazwe efuna ukumisa umbuso ngokusekelwe ekuchazeni okuqinile kwe-Islam. Amaqembu ama-Islamist angahluka ngokwemibono nemigomo, kusukela kwezombangazwe kuya odlameni oluhlomile.

Kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwe-Islam njengenkolo kanye ne-Islamism njengenhlangano yezombangazwe. Iningi lamaSulumane liqhuba ukholo lwalo ngokuthula futhi lilahla udlame. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlangano zama-Islamist eziqinile zenze izenzo zobuphekula egameni lemibono yazo yezepolitiki.

Kubalulekile ukuthi uhlale unolwazi ngama-nuances phakathi kwe-Islam kanye ne-Islamism ukugwema noma yikuphi ukudideka nokucwasa amaSulumane. Izingxoxo nokuqondana kubalulekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuhlalisana ngokuthula phakathi kwemiphakathi eyahlukene.

Islam kanye State Modern

Ukulingana phakathi kwe-Islam nomphakathi wanamuhla kuyindaba eyinkimbinkimbi edala izinkulumo-mpikiswano nemibono eyahlukene phakathi kongqondongqondo, abefundisi kanye namalungu omphakathi wonkana.

Amanye amaSulumane akholelwa ukuthi kukhona ukuvumelana phakathi kwe-Islam nomphakathi wanamuhla, ethi izimfundiso eziyisisekelo zobuSulumane zingahunyushwa ngezindlela ezihambisana namaqiniso nezinselele zangaleso sikhathi. Bagomela ngokuthi i-Islam ikhuthaza izindinganiso zokulunga komphakathi, ukulingana, ukubekezelelana nokuhlonipha amalungelo abantu, okuyizimiso ezibalulekile emphakathini wanamuhla.

Abanye bangase babe nokukhathazeka mayelana nokwanela kwezimfundiso ezithile zamaSulumane noma imikhuba enenkambiso yesimanje yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi mayelana nezindaba zamalungelo abesifazane, inkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuhlukahluka kobulili, njll. Lezi zindaba zingase zibe ngaphansi kokuhunyushwa okuhlukahlukene kanye nezinkulumompikiswano zangaphakathi emiphakathini yamaMuslim.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-Islam iyinkolo ehlukahlukene enezikole eziningi zemicabango nezincazelo, okusho ukuthi imibono ingase yehluke kuye ngezinkolelo nezimo zamasiko.

Ekugcineni, ukuvumelana phakathi kwe-Islam nomphakathi wanamuhla kuzoncika ekutheni amaSulumane nomphakathi uwonke uhumusha futhi ubheka kanjani izimfundiso zenkolo ngokubheka amagugu nezinkambiso zomphakathi wanamuhla. Izingxoxo, ukuqondana kanye nokufuna izixazululo ezihlonipha amalungelo awo wonke umuntu kubalulekile ukuze kuzuzwe ukuphilisana ngokuthula nokuzwana.

Islam kanye nokuhlala ndawonye

Yebo, ubuSulumane bungakwazi ukuphila ngokuvumelana nezinye izinkolo nezinkolelo zaseYurophu, futhi lokhu kakade kwenzeka emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. I-Europe iyizwekazi elihlukahlukene eliyikhaya lenqwaba yamasiko, izinkolo nezinkolelo, futhi ukuhlalisana ngokuthula kungenzeka ngokuhloniphana, ukubekezelelana kanye nezingxoxo phakathi kwezinkolo.

AmaSulumane amaningi ahlala eYurophu njengamakholwa amancane futhi azibandakanya empilweni yezenhlalo, yamasiko nezomnotho yamazwe abamba iqhaza. Banamalungelo ayisisekelo aqinisekiswa imithetho nemithetho-sisekelo yamazwe aseYurophu, evikela inkululeko yenkolo nenkululeko yokukholelwa yazo zonke izakhamuzi.

Ukuhlalisana okuvumelanayo nakho kuncike emandleni awo wonke umuntu okuhlonipha izimiso zentando yeningi nezimiso zomphakathi ahlala kuwo. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlonipha imithetho yezwe, ukugqugquzela inkhulumomphendvulwano yezinkolo ezihlukene namasiko ahlukahlukene, kanye nokuthola indawo efanayo ukuze kugqugquzelwe ukuqondana.

Kubalulekile ukuthi amalungu emiphakathi ehlukene yezenkolo nezinkolelo asebenze ndawonye ukuze anqobe ubandlululo nokungaqondi, aqinise ukubumbana komphakathi futhi afake isandla ekwahlukeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwamasiko aseYurophu.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi izinselele zingase ziphakame kwezinye izimo, kodwa ngokukhuthaza ukufakwa, ukuhlonipha nokuqashelwa kwamalungelo abo bonke, i-Islam nezinye izinkolo zingahlala ndawonye ngokuthula nangokukhiqiza eYurophu.

Islam kanye nenkolo

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuba umSulumane kanye nezwe. Ubuzwe buwumgomo ohlukanisa izindaba zombuso nezenkolo, oqinisekisa inkululeko yenkolo nokungathathi hlangothi ngokwenkolo kombuso. Ukungabi nezwe kusho ukuthi umbuso awunamatheli kunoma iyiphi inkolo futhi uqinisekisa inkululeko yokukholelwa kuzo zonke izakhamuzi zawo.

Umuntu angaba yikho kokubili umSulumane kanye nezwe ngokunamathela enkolweni yakhe yenkolo kuyilapho esekela isimiso sokungabi nankolo ekusebenzeni kombuso. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba eqhuba inkolo yakhe ekuphileni kwakhe siqu nangokomoya, futhi usekela ukuhlonishwa kwenkululeko engokwenkolo yabo bonke abantu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiziphi izinkolelo noma izinkolelo zabo.

AmaSulumane amaningi emazweni angaphandle emhlabeni aphila lobu bunye, ehlanganisa ukholo lwawo ekuphileni kwawo kwansuku zonke kuyilapho ehlonipha imithetho nezimiso zokungabi nankolo ezweni lawo.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi incazelo yenkolo nenkolo ingase yehluke emazweni nasezimweni zamasiko. Kodwa-ke, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuba yiSulumane nezwe ngokunamathela ezimisweni eziyisisekelo zenhlonipho, ukubekezelelana nokuphilisana ngokuthula.

Ukwesaba Islam eYurophu

Ukwesaba i-Islam eYurophu namuhla kungabangelwa izici eziningana eziyinkimbinkimbi nezihlobene. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lokhu kwesaba akuthinti lonke inani labantu baseYurophu, kodwa ukuthi kungaba khona ezingxenyeni ezithile zomphakathi.

1. Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula: Ukuhlasela kwamaphekula okwenziwa abantu abathi bangamaSulumane ashibhile kuye kwaphawula iYurophu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Lezi zenzo zodlame ziye zaphakamisa ukwesaba kwezokuphepha futhi zasiza ekucwaseni amanye amaSulumane, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi iningi lamaSulumane liyalanqaba udlame futhi ligxeka ubuphekula.

2. Imithombo yezindaba kanye nolwazi olungaqondile: Abezindaba ngezinye izikhathi bangaba neqhaza ekudaleni noma ekwandiseni ukwesaba ngokusabalalisa ulwazi oluchemile noma ukugqamisa izehlakalo ezingazodwa ezihilela amaSulumane. Ulwazi olungaqondile lungabhebhethekisa ukucwasa kanye nemibono engaqondile.

3. Ukunganaki kwe-Islam: Ulwazi olulinganiselwe noma oluyiphutha lwe-Islam lungaholela ekwesabeni okungaziwa. Imibono ecatshangwayo kanye nemibono ehlukile mayelana ne-Islam ingaholela ekuboneni okungekuhle ngale nkolo nabalandeli bayo.

4. Ukwanda kwezinhlangano zobuzwe: Ezinye izinhlangano ezilwela ubuzwe kanye nokucwasa kwabokufika e-Europe zisebenzise ukwesaba okuhlobene nokufika kanye ne-Islam ukuze kuthuthukiswe i-ajenda yazo yezepolitiki futhi kubhebhethekise ukungezwani kwezenhlalo.

5. Ukushaqeka kwamasiko: Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlukana kwamasiko kungadala umuzwa wokungathembani kumaMuslim aseYurophu, ikakhulukazi uma kuziwa emikhubeni ehlukene yezenkolo noma yamasiko.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukwesaba i-Islam ngokuvamile kusekelwe ekuqaguleni kanye nemibono eyiphutha, nokuthi i-Islam ayiyona into eyodwa, kodwa ihlukahlukene, enemifudlana nemikhuba eminingi. Ukuze kunqotshwe lokhu kwesaba nokukhuthaza umphakathi obandakanya wonke umuntu, kubalulekile ukugqugquzela ukuxoxisana kwamasiko, ukufundisa ngokuhlukahluka kwezenkolo namasiko, nokukhuthaza ukuqondana nokuhloniphana phakathi kwemiphakathi.

I-Islam kanye ne-anti-Semitism

Isimo sengqondo ngamaJuda kumongo we-Islam siyisihloko esiyinkimbinkimbi futhi esiyinkimbinkimbi. Umlando we-Islam uhlanganisa izikhathi zokuhlalisana ngokuthula nokubekezelelana emiphakathini yamaJuda, kodwa nezinkathi zokungezwani nezingxabano.

KuyiKoran, incwadi engcwele yamaSulumane, kubhekiselwa kumaJuda ngokuthi “Abantu Bencwadi” futhi kudinga ukubambisana nokuhloniphana phakathi kwamaSulumane, amaJuda namaKrestu. Nokho, zikhona futhi izindima ezingahunyushwa kabi kumaJuda. Njengakunoma iyiphi inkolo, incazelo nokuqonda kwalemibhalo kuyehluka phakathi kwabantu nezikole zomcabango.

Kuwo wonke umlando, kuye kwaba nezinkathi lapho amaJuda amukelwa khona emiphakathini yamaSulumane, ikakhulukazi phakathi nenkathi yegolide yamaSulumane enkathi ephakathi, lapho echuma ngokomqondo, ngokwezomnotho nangokwesiko.

Kodwa-ke, kuye kwaba nezinkathi zokucwaswa nokushushiswa kwamaJuda kwamanye amazwe aneningi lamaSulumane, njengakweminye imiphakathi kuwo wonke umlando.

Namuhla, ukulwa namaJuda ngeshwa kukhona ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, kuhlanganise namaqembu athile amaSulumane. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi i-anti-Semitism ayimele wonke amaSulumane, futhi kubalulekile ukuthi ungafaki noma ucwase wonke umphakathi wamaSulumane ngenxa yezenzo zabambalwa.

Ukugqugquzelwa kwezingxoxo ezihlukene zezinkolo, imfundo kanye nokuqondana kubalulekile ekunqobeni ubandlululo nokwehlukana kanye nokugqugquzela ukuphilisana ngokuthula phakathi kwemiphakathi eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa phakathi kwamaSulumane namaJuda.