Njengoba kubikwe ngephepha lezindaba le-NGO ezinze eBrussels Human Rights Without Frontiers, ukuphela kweholide lasehlobo eFrance, elaziwa ngokuthi “i-rentrée,” ngokuvamile kubangela ukungezwani okuvuselelwe kwezenhlalo. Lo nyaka ulandele lelo phethini, njengoba ukuzola kwasehlobo kwavula enye ingxabano ngodaba oluqhubekayo lwezwe: indlela abesifazane abangamaSulumane okufanele bagqoke ngayo.
Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, njengoba iFrance isaqhubeka, ngesikhathi sekhefu, uGabriel Attal, ungqongqoshe wezemfundo osanda kuqokwa oneminyaka engu-34 futhi oyintandokazi kaMongameli u-Emmanuel Macron, umemezele ukuthi "i-abaya ngeke isagqokwa ezikoleni", kubika uRoger Cohen i New York Times
Umyalo wakhe osheshayo, osebenza ezikoleni ezimaphakathi nezikole eziphakeme, wavala ingubo egcwele ubude exegayo egqokwa abanye abafundi abangamaSulumane. Kwaqubula enye inkulumo-mpikiswano mayelana nokuthi ungubani waseFrance.
Uhulumeni ukholelwa ukuthi imfundo kufanele iqede ukuhlukana kobuhlanga noma kwezenkolo enkonzweni yokuzibophezela okwabiwe kumalungelo nezibopho zokuba yisakhamuzi saseFrance. Njengoba uMnu. Attal akubeka, “Akufanele ukwazi ukuhlukanisa noma ukukhomba inkolo yabafundi ngokubabheka.”
Imibhikisho yokuvinjelwa kwe-abaya
Kusukela lesi simemezelo, izinhlangano zamaSulumane ezimele idlanzana lamaSulumane elilinganiselwa ezigidini ezi-5 zibhikishe. Amanye amantombazane aye agqoka ama-kimono noma ezinye izingubo ezinde esikoleni ukuze abonise ukuthi ukuvinjelwa kubonakala kungenangqondo. Kwaqubuka impikiswano eshubile mayelana nokuthi ukumangala kukaMnu. Attal ngo-August, ngaphambi nje konyaka wesikole, kwakuwukushuba kwezombusazwe noma ukuvikela okudingekile kwemibono yezwe yaseFrance.
"U-Attal wayefuna ukubonakala eqinile ukuze azuze ezombangazwe, kodwa lesi bekuyisibindi esishibhile," kusho uNicolas Cadène, umsunguli wenhlangano eqapha ukungahambisani nenkolo eFrance. “Isibindi sangempela siyobe sikhuluma ngezikole ezihlukene eziholela ezinhlangeni nasezinkolweni ezihlukene.”
Indaba yezimpawu zenkolo ezikoleni ayiqali. IFrance yavala “ezibukisayo” ngo-2004, kwashiya indawo yokutolika.
Umbuzo bekuwukuthi ngabe umthetho uqondise ngokulinganayo izikhafu zama-Muslim, iziphambano zamaKhatholika nama-kippas angamaJuda, noma ugxile kakhulu ku-Islam. I-abaya, ekhombisa ubunjalo beMuslim kodwa okungenzeka ukuthi igqoke kahle nje, ibiyindawo empunga kuze kube isitatimende sikaMnu. Attal.
Empeleni, igama elithi “ostentatious” livame ukusho amaSulumane. Ukukhathazeka kweFrance ngokuqhekeka kwenkolo, okukhuliswe ukuhlasela okulimazayo kwama-Islamist, kugxile kumaSulumane agwema "ubuFulentshi" ngenxa yobunikazi benkolo kanye nokweqisa.
I-nikab, iveli, i-burkini, abaya ngisho namaduku ohambo lwesikole kuye kwabhekwa ngokungavamile eFrance uma kuqhathaniswa neYurophu futhi ikakhulukazi i-United States, egcizelela inkululeko engokwenkolo phezu kwenkululeko yaseFrance enkolweni.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ubuzwe obuqinile, obuhloswe ngo-1905 ukususa iSonto LamaKatolika ekuphileni komphakathi, buqiniswe kusukela kumodeli eyamukelwa kabanzi evumela inkululeko yenkolo ibe imfundiso ephikisanayo engaguquki eyamukelwa umphakathi olungile nobanzi njengesivikelo ezinsongweni ezisukela ku-Islamic extremism kuya ku-Islamic extremism. I-American multiculturalism.
"Lokhu bekufanele kwenziwe ngo-2004, futhi bekuyoba njalo ukube besingenabo abaholi abangenangqondo," kusho u-Marine Le Pen, umholi ode kwesokudla, omelene nabokufika, kulesi sinyathelo sikaMnu Attal. "Njengoba uGeneral MacArthur aphawula, izimpi ezilahlekile zingafingqwa ngamagama amabili: sekwephuze kakhulu."
Umbuzo uthi: sekwephuzile yini? Ukuvimbela abayas ezikoleni njengoba uMnu. Attal efuna? Noma ukumisa ukusabalala kwezikole ezintulayo ezindaweni ezinezinkinga lapho amathuba ezingane ezingamaSulumane ezifika kwamanye amazwe zihlupheka futhi kukhula izingozi ze-radicalization?
Yilapho iFrance ihlukana khona, ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-80 agunyaza ukuvinjelwa kodwa okubalulekile ngekusasa lezwe.
Abanye babheka ukubusa kwezwe njengokunika ithuba elilinganayo, kuyilapho abanye bebheka kanjalo ubuzenzisi ukufihla ubandlululo, njengoba kuboniswa yilezo zindawo ezingaphansi kwedolobha.
Ukunqunywa kukathisha uSamuel Paty ngo-2020 ngumuntu oweqisayo kusavusa ulaka. Nokho izibhelu ngemuva kwesigameko sokudutshulwa kwamaphoyisa kwentsha edabuka e-Algeria naseMorocco zikhombise ukucasuka mayelana nengozi ethathwa njengengamaSulumane.
“Uhulumeni waseFrance usebenzisa imithetho ka-1905 no-2004 ukuze ‘ivikele izindinganiso zeRiphabhulikhi’ engutsheni yentsha, eveza ubuthakathaka bayo bokwenza abantu bahlale ngokuthula ngaphandle kokungaboni ngaso linye,” kubhala isazi sezokuhlalisana kwabantu u-Agnès de Féo kuyi-Le Monde.
U-Éric Ciotti wamaRiphabhulikhi amaphakathi-kwesokudla uphendule ngokuthi "i-communautarisme" noma ukubeka kuqala ubunikazi benkolo/ubuhlanga kunobunikazi bezwe "kusongela iRiphabhulikhi." UMnu. Attal, uthe, uphendule ngendlela efanele.
AmaRiphabhulikhi abalulekile ngoba uMnu. Macron akanalo iningi lephalamende, okubenza bangaba umbimbi wabo kwezomthetho.
Isinyathelo sikaMnu. Attal sinezinhloso zezombusazwe ezicacile. UMnu Macron ubusa kulesi sikhungo kodwa uncika kwesokudla.
UMnu Attal ungene esikhundleni sikaPap Ndiaye, ungqongqoshe wokuqala omnyama wezeMfundo, ngoJulayi ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kwabantu abalungile okwamphoqa ukuthi aphume, ngokucwasa ngokwebala okucashile.
Wasolwa ngokungenisa “imfundiso yokuhlukahluka” yaseMelika kanye “nokwehlisa yonke into ibe umbala wesikhumba,” njengoba i-Valeurs Actuelles ekude kwesokudla ikubeka.
Ngaphambi kokuxoshwa kwakhe, uMnu Ndiaye wenqabile ukuvinjelwa kwe-abaya, wathi othishanhloko kufanele banqume icala ngalinye.
USheik Sidibe, 21, umsizi kaMnyama ofundisa ngaphandle kwesikole samabanga aphezulu saseParis, uthe uthishanhloko wakhe waphatha kabi abafundi abangamaSulumane ngamasheke ezingubo zokugqoka.
“Kufanele sigxile ezinkingeni zangempela, njengamaholo amancane othisha,” kusho uMnu. Sidibe, oyiSulumane. “Abafundi abancishwe amathuba ezimeni ezibucayi badinga usizo, hhayi izingubo zamaphoyisa.”
Umthelela wezepolitiki awukacaci. Kodwa isilinganiso sibonakala sihlukanisa kakhulu kunokuhlanganisa naphezu kwenhloso yenkolo.
“Ubuzwe kufanele bunikeze inkululeko nokulingana kungakhathaliseki ukuthi inkolelo ikuphi,” kusho uMnu. Cadène. “Akumele kube yisikhali ukuthulisa abantu. Lokho ngeke kukwenze kukhange.”
