I-Iceland iyisibonelo semibuso yentando yeningi yonxiwankulu: iphezulu ohlwini lokulingana kobulili, ukumeleleka kwezombusazwe, ukufinyelela emfundweni nasemisebenzini, ikhefu lomndeni elilinganayo nokunakekelwa kwezingane, okuqinisekisa ukubuyiselwa ngokushesha emsebenzini nokufunda ngemva kokuba ngumama. U-80% wabesifazane usebenza ngaphandle kwamakhaya, bakha u-65% wabafundi basemanyuvesi kanye no-41% wamalungu ePhalamende.
Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Nakuba ivoti labesifazane e-Iceland lafinyelelwa ngo-1915, inqubekelaphambili eyayifunwa ayenzekanga futhi abesifazane baqhubeka nokukhokhelwa kuze kufike ku-40% ngaphansi kwabesilisa futhi ukumelwa kwabo ephalamende akubanga ngaphezu kuka-5%.
Kodwa kwabe sekufika u-1975. Lowo nyaka wamenyezelwa yi-UN, uNyaka Wabesifazane Wamazwe Ngamazwe, futhi lokhu kwaba nomthelela ekutheni abesifazane babonakale benamandla ngesiteleka esicishe siphelele sabesifazane base-Iceland kuzo zonke izindawo zezwe. Kwakuwumqondo weqembu labesifazane base-Icelandic abesifazane ababizwa ngokuthi ama-Red Stockings abahlongoza ukubekela izwe lonke inselelo, bebonisa ukuthi abesifazane babalulekile ukuze izwe lihambe futhi lithuthuke.
Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ngalolo suku "isiteleka sabesifazane”, ukuze benze indima yabo emphakathini ibonakale, ikakhulukazi emsebenzini wasekhaya ongakhokhelwa kanye nokufuna ukumelwa okukhulu kwezepolitiki.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi e-Iceland kwakungekho isiteleka noma inqubo yokugqugquzela, yingakho kwakhuthazwa ngokuthi "usuku lwezindaba zabo", ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukungabikho kwabesifazane, kodwa ngaphandle kokufaka imisebenzi yabo engozini. Kanye nalesi sicelo esikhulu sosuku lokuphumula, zonke izinhlobo zamalayisense avunyelwe endaweni yokusebenza zasetshenziswa. Kwagqugquzelwa ukuyekwa kwayo yonke imisebenzi yasekhaya engakhokhelwa, kuhlanganise nokunakekela izingane.
U-90% wabantu base-Iceland basekele lesi silinganiso. Isiteleka ngaphandle kokuba munye, kodwa ngaphandle kokuya emisebenzini yabo noma ukwenza noma yisiphi isenzo esingaziwa futhi esiholelwe kanjalo. Owesifazane wayeka ukwenza yonke into.
Umthelela wezomnotho wawuphawuleka: amaphephandaba awazange anyatheliswe ngenxa yokuthi ababhala ngomshini kwakungabantu besifazane, isevisi yezingcingo ayizange isebenze, izindiza zahoxiswa ngenxa yokuthi abanikazi bezindlu abafikanga, izikole zingasebenzi namafekthri ezinhlanzi zavalwa ngenxa yokuthi abasebenzi babo kwakungabesifazane kuphela. Amabhange, izinto zokuhamba, izikhungo zokunakekela izingane, osokheshi, abasebenza ezitolo,…Futhi bonke babuthana emgwaqeni. EReykjavík, inhloko-dolobha yezwe, kwabuthana abantu abangaba ngu-25,000 XNUMX.
Amadoda kwakufanele anakekele izingane. Abaningi abakwazanga ukucela usuku lokuphumula ngoba abesifazane base bekwenzile futhi umsebenzi wabo wawudingeka. Futhi babengeke bangazinaki izingane zabo noma bangakhathazeki ngokudla. Amahhovisi agcwele izingane futhi izindawo zokudlela zandisa kakhulu inzuzo yazo.
Umthelela wezepolitiki wawubaluleke kakhulu. Ngo-1976, iPhalamende lase-Icelandic laphasisa umthetho oqinisekisa amalungelo alinganayo kwabesilisa nabesifazane, nakuba lokhu kungeke kubangele imisebenzi engcono noma isinxephezelo samaholo kwabesifazane. Eminyakeni emine kamuva, umongameli wokuqala wesifazane, u-Vigdis Finnbogadottir, wayezokhethwa ngesilinganiso esincane. Kwasungulwa inhlangano yabesifazane, iWomen’s Alliance, okwathi ngo-1983 yathola izihlalo zayo zokuqala ephalamende. Emashumini amabili eminyaka kamuva, ngo-2000, kwaqalwa ikhefu lokubeletha elikhokhelwayo lamadoda. Ngo-2010, i-Iceland yakhetha owesifazane, u-Johanna Sigudardottir, njengondunankulu wayo, okokuqala ngqa emlandweni. Uphinde waba ngumholi wokuqala ngqa emhlabeni osobala wezitabane. Ngalowo nyaka, njengenye yezinqubomgomo zokuqala zikahulumeni wakhe, ama-strip club avinjelwa. Futhi nakuba ezinye izinkinga ziqhubeka, ikakhulukazi emsebenzini, ukulwela ukulingana kuyaqhubeka ngendlela efanayo.
"Kwakuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokukhululwa kwabesifazane”, ngokusho kowayengumongameli uVigdis Finnbogadottir eminyakeni edlule engxoxweni ayinikeze iBBC. Kube wukukhuphula okukhulu ukulingana kwabesifazane ezweni. Lolo suku lwayishintsha ngokuphelele indlela yokucabanga yabantu base-Iceland futhi indima yabesifazane kuzo zonke izindawo zomphakathi yaziswa.
Amadoda aqaphela ukubaluleka abesifazane ababenakho emphakathini futhi, kude nokuthukuthela noma ngisho nokukhathazeka nabesifazane base-Icelandic, bahamba ngesinyathelo esisodwa futhi bajoyina isifiso sokufeza inhlangano yezenhlalakahle enobulungisa lapho wonke umuntu elingana.
Leso sibonelo sasiza amanye amaqembu abesifazane ukuthi afune ukusilingisa futhi, ngaleyo ndlela, ePoland ngo-2016, abesifazane babengekho emsebenzini futhi bahlela imashi enkulu ngokumelene nomthetho wokusabela owawuzama ukuvimbela ukufinyelela kwelungelo lokukhipha isisu kuzo zonke izimo. Kodwa lesi siteleka asibanga nawo umthelela wezomnotho owatholwa ngumanduleli waso; nakuba baphumelela emkhakheni wezombangazwe ngokuhoxiswa koMthetho. I-Argentina izophinde izame ukuguqula isimo sayo senhlalo, ilisondeze kwabesifazane ngesiteleka esifanayo, kodwa okuqinisekileyo ukuthi umphumela awubanga mkhulu njengase-Iceland.
E-United States, “usuku olungenabo abesifazane” lwaphinde lwabizwa ngo-2017, olwaluhlanganisa ukuhlangana okukhulu phambi kweTrump Tower kaMongameli uDonald Trump eNew York.
“I-Icelandic Friday” ikhombise amandla ombhikisho wabesifazane wokwenza indawo yabo yezomnotho ibonakale ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekhaya. Kodwa ukuphikelela kwegebe lamaholo kuphinde kwakhombisa umkhawulo wesidingo “sokulingana” ngaphandle kokungabaza uhlelo lonke. Eqinisweni, i-capitalism yase-Icelandic yayazi indlela yokuhlanganisa futhi "yehlisa" isidingo kangangokuthi namuhla, eminyakeni engu-40 kamuva, abesifazane bayaqhubeka nokuhlangana ngesizathu esifanayo.
Indiza engalingani kakhulu isaqhubeka nokuba ngeyomnotho: igebe lomholo lika-14% lisekhona. Futhi ukuphikelela kokugqugquzelwa kwabesifazane kuwubufakazi bokuthi nakulawo mapharadesi amancane alinganayo (i-Iceland inabantu abangaba ngu-330,000) obunxiwankulu abanawo emhlabeni ongalingani ngendlela exakile, ukulwa nengcindezelo nokucwasa kuyasebenza. Abesifazane baphinde bahlangana unyaka nonyaka befuna ukulingana ababekhahlele ngakho ibhodi ngalolo Lwesihlanu ngo-1975.
Manje lolu suku lwesiteleka lubanjwa njalo eminyakeni eyishumi.
Kuyiqiniso ukuthi isiteleka asikhiqizi ushintsho lwamasiko noma lwezombangazwe ngokushesha, njengoba kwenzeka e-Iceland, kodwa okungenani ikwazi ukuheha ukunaka kwezwe ukwethula izinkinga zayo, ngoba ukubonakala kwalokhu kubonisa ukuthi ingenye ye ukunqoba okuyinhloko kwesiteleka.
The usuku lwesiteleka e-Iceland Kwakuphindwa njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi
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