Lezi zakhiwo, ezisakazeke kulo lonke elase-Iran, bezisebenza njengeziqandisi zakudala
Ezindaweni ezingenamanzi zasogwadule lwasePheresiya, kwatholakala ubuchwepheshe basendulo obumangalisayo nobuhlakaniphile, obaziwa ngokuthi i-yakhchāl, okusho ukuthi “umgodi weqhwa” ngesiPheresiya. I-Yakhchāl (isiPheresiya: کلکر; yakh esho “iqhwa” futhi chāl esho “umgodi”) iwuhlobo lwakudala lwesipholile esihwamukayo. Ngo-400 BC, onjiniyela basePheresiya base bekwazile ukusebenzisa i-yakhchāl ukwakha iqhwa ebusika futhi baligcine ehlobo ogwadule.
Iveza indlela yokhokho bethu eyinkimbinkimbi ekukhiqizeni iqhwa futhi ihlehlela emuva ku-400 BC. Lezi zakhiwo, ezisakazeke kulo lonke elase-Iran, bezisebenza njengeziqandisi zakudala, zisebenzisa isistimu yokupholisa eyakhelwe ukugcina iqhwa unyaka wonke. Izikebhe zazinomumo ohlukile wokubusa owawuhlala indawo enkulu yokugcina engaphansi komhlaba. Akhiwe ngezinto eziwugqinsi, ezikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, izikebhe zasebenzisa isistimu yokupholisa ehwamukayo engaphezulu.
Ngokusebenza ngokuvumelana nesimo sezulu semvelo, umoya obandayo ungena ngama-inlets esisekelweni, kuyilapho umklamo oyindilinga usiza ukuxosha ukushisa okusele ngezikhala eziphezulu. Inqubo yokukhiqiza iqhwa yaqala ngamachibi angashoni agcwala ubusuku nemini imigudu yamanzi ahlanzekile. Njengoba evikelwe emisebeni yelanga ngezindonga ezinomthunzi, amachibi aba yiqhwa ebusuku basebusika.
Iqhwa eliqoqiwe labe selidluliselwa ku-yahchal eyenziwe ngezinto zendawo ezifana ne-adobe, ubumba, okumhlophe kweqanda, uboya bembuzi, ujusi kalamula kanye nodaka olungangeni manzi. Lezi zakhiwo eziphawulekayo zaba nendima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ukudla, iziphuzo futhi ngokunokwenzeka nokupholisa izakhiwo phakathi nezinyanga ezishisayo zasehlobo. Namuhla, ama-yakhchal angu-129 asele njengesikhumbuzo somlando wobuhlakani basendulo basePheresiya.
