NgoNovemba 2023, izingxoxo phakathi kwe-EU ne-Australia zeSivumelwano Sokuhweba Ngokukhululekile (FTA) zawa. Lokhu kwakungenxa yezidingo eziqinile ezivela ku-EU mayelana nezinkomba zendawo ezivikelekile - ikhono lokuthengisa iwayini neminye imikhiqizo njengevela endaweni ethile - kanye nendlela eguquguqukayo yokufinyelela emakethe yokuthunyelwa kwezolimo kwamanye amazwe.
Emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, kwabonakala ukuthi ukungaboni ngaso linye okuqhubekayo ezingxoxweni ze-EU-Mercosur - ikakhulukazi ngenxa yezidingo zemvelo nokugawulwa kwamahlathi ezivela eBrussels - bekungakaxazululwa, noMongameli waseBrazil uLula ethi i-EU "intula ukuguquguquka".
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abaxoxisana be-EU baphothule omunye umjikelezo wezingxoxo ne-Indonesia exhunywe ku-FTA ehlongozwayo: cishe akukho nqubekelaphambili eseyenziwe cishe izinyanga eziyisithupha, futhi lo mhlangano wakamuva awuhlukile.
Isithombe sicacile:
ukwenza lula ukuhweba kanye nokuvula izimakethe kumile. Lena inkinga ethile ngoba i-Indonesia ingenye yezimakethe zabathengi ezinkulu nezikhula ngokushesha kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengoba ukuthunyelwa kwethu eChina naseRussia kwehla (ngezizathu ezisobala neziqondakalayo), ukuvula izimakethe ezinkulu ezintsha kufanele kube yinto ehamba phambili. Akubukeki kanjalo.
Ubufakazi bubonisa ukuthi lokhu akuyona inkinga ngozakwethu esixoxisana naye. Ezinyangeni eziyi-12 ezedlule, i-Indonesia iphothule uhlelo isivumelwano ne-United Arab Emirates (ngaphansi konyaka). Isanda kuthuthukisa ekhona isivumelwano neJapan, futhi ukuxoxisana neCanada kanye ne-Eurasian Economic Union, phakathi kwabanye. Ingaphakathi kuphela izingxoxo ne-EU ukuthi i-Indonesia ithole ukuthi inqubekelaphambili ihamba kancane futhi inzima.
Akuzona kuphela izingxoxo ze-FTA: icala le-World Trade Organization (WTO) ngokumelene ne-EU, elifakwe yi-Indonesia kulindeleke ukuthi likhiphe isinqumo maduze. Leli cala, ngaphezu kwezingxabano ezikhona mayelana ne-Renewable Energy Directive kanye nokuthunyelwa kwe-nickel, kusho ukuthi i-Indonesia ibona izinqubomgomo zethu njengezivikelayo nezimelene nokuhweba. Ukhetho lukamongameli luhlelelwe uFebhuwari: ohamba phambili uPrabowo ukusho ngokusobala ukuthi i-Indonesia "ayiyidingi i-EU," egqamisa "izindinganiso ezikabili" kunqubomgomo yezohwebo ye-EU.
Ngakho-ke, iyiphi indlela eya phambili yobudlelwano?
Ukhetho lwe-EU, kanye nokuqokwa kweKhomishini entsha, kudinga ukumemezela ukuguqulwa kwendlela. Ukuphromotha ukuthunyelwa kwe-EU, nokwandisa ukufinyelela emakethe kuma-giants wesikhathi esizayo afana ne-Indonesia ne-India, kudinga kube yinto eza kuqala. Ukuvinjwa kwezobuchwepheshe kudinga ukushintshwa ubuholi obuqinile bezepolitiki nokuzibophezela kozakwethu abasha bokuhweba.
Ukubandakanya lawa mazwe ozakwethu ezindaweni zenqubomgomo ye-EU ezithinta wona - njenge-Green Deal - nakho kubalulekile. IKhomishana ibonakala ingaboni kahle ukuthi i-EU Deforestation Regulation izoba nemiphumela engakanani: Amazwe angu-14 asathuthuka, okuhlanganisa ne-Indonesia, asayine incwadi evulekile eyigxekayo, futhi izinselele ze-WTO ziseduze. Ukubonisana ngendlela efanele kanye nokuxhumana nabameli bekungavimbela lokhu ekubeni yinkinga. Lokho kuxoxisana kudinga ukufinyelela ngale kwamaNxusa: I-Indonesia inezigidi zabalimi abancane abakhiqiza amafutha esundu, irabha, ikhofi, futhi bazothinteka kabi umthethonqubo we-EU. Ukuntuleka kokufinyelela kusho ukuthi lawo mazwi manje aseyizonda ngokuphelele kwi-EU.
I-Indonesia iyonke ayiphikisani. Iyaqhubeka nokulandela izingxoxo neKhomishana, futhi amanye Amazwe Angamalungu - ikakhulukazi iJalimane ne-Netherlands - anezingxoxo ezinhle zamazwe amabili. Kodwa isiqondiso sokuhamba siyakhathaza: asikwazi ukukhokhela eminye iminyaka engu-5 ye-stasis ezingxoxweni zohwebo, kuyilapho ukungezwani kwezombusazwe kuphakama eduze nemingcele yokuhweba ye-EU (iningi layo elingakaqali ngisho nokungena).
Ukhetho lungase, futhi kufanele, lunikeze isiqalo esisha kuzo zombili izinhlangothi. Kunjalo naseNdiya (ukhetho ngo-Ephreli-Meyi), futhi mhlawumbe nase-United States (November). Iphuzu elibalulekile elixhumanisa konke lokhu ukuthi lisebenza kuphela uma iKhomishana entsha izimisele ngokuthuthukisa amathuba okuthunyelwa kwempahla e-EU - kanye nokunciphisa imigoqo yokuhweba kunokuba imise eminye yayo.
