U-Ombudsman WeRiphabhulikhi YaseBulgaria, u-Diana Kovacheva, ushicilele Umbiko Wonyaka Weshumi Nanye Wesikhungo wokuhlolwa kwezindawo okwaphucwa inkululeko ngo-2023, okwenziwa yi-National Preventive Mechanism (NPM) - i-NPM iyinhlangano ekhethekile ngaphansi kwe-Ombudsman, eliqapha, lihlole futhi lihlole ukugcinwa kwamalungelo omuntu osemajele, izikhungo zokuboshwa, amakhaya okunakekelwa kwezingane ngokwemithi nezenhlalo, izikhungo zokuhlala zohlobo lwemindeni zezingane nabantu, abezengqondo, amakhaya abantu abadala abakhubazekile, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo nokuwohloka komqondo. , izikhungo zabafuduki kanye nababaleki, njll.
Imininingwane evela embikweni iveza ukuthi ngo-2023, ithimba le-NPM lenze izivivinyo ezingama-50 ezindaweni ezisohlwini, lathumela izincomo eziyi-129 emigwaqweni ehlukahlukene kahulumeni futhi lalandelela ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezithile zokwenza ngcono izimo ezindaweni zokuhlala, ukuboshwa noma ukuhlupheka kokuboshwa.
Ukubuka neziphetho ngo-2023 kuyaqhubeka nokukhomba izinkinga zesistimu, isikhungo esiye saxwayisa ngokuphindaphindiwe izikhungo ezinomthwalo wemfanelo, kodwa naphezu kwalokhu, azikho izixazululo zangempela nezanele kuze kube manje.
Izinkinga zokuthola imali encane kanye nokushoda okungapheli kwabasebenzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okuseqophelweni eliphezulu kanye nokunakekelwa kwezempilo kwabantu kuzo zonke izigaba zezikhungo ezihloliwe kusalokhu kungaxazululeki unomphela. Kukhona nokuntuleka kwemali yesabelomali semisebenzi yezenhlalakahle ezindaweni lapho izijeziso zinikezwa khona - umsebenzi wezenhlalakahle kanye nokubuyiselwa kweziboshwa kuyaqhubeka nokungabaza emajele amaningi;
Umbiko ufingqa ukuthi kule minyaka emibili eyedlule, u-ombudsman ubeke isihloko sokuvikela amalungelo abantu abagula ngengqondo kuqala futhi ngobukhali obukhethekile.
Kubikwa ukuthi inani elingama-25 lokuhlolwa okungamenyezelwanga lwenziwa ezikhungweni zezengqondo nasezikhungweni zezenhlalakahle zokuhlala esikhathini sika-2022-2023.
“Ngomqondo weNgqungquthela Yokulwisana Nokuhlukunyezwa Nokunye Ukuphathwa Okunonya, Okungenabuntu noma Okululaza noma Ukujeziswa KweNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene kanye neNgqungquthela YaseYurophu Yokuvimbela Ukuhlukunyezwa Nokuphathwa Ngobuntu noma Okululaza noma Ukujeziswa KoMkhandlu WaseYurophu - izibhedlela zeState Psychiatric (PSHs). ) yizindawo zokuncishwa inkululeko, njengoba ezinye zeziguli zihlaliswa ngezinqumo zenkantolo futhi azikwazi ukuzishiya ngokuzithandela. Ngalesi sizathu, i-ombudsman, njenge-NPM, iqapha ngokucophelela ukuvinjelwa kokuhlukunyezwa nezinye izinhlobo zempatho engenabuntu noma eyehlisa isithunzi kulezi zindawo,” kusho umbiko.
Kuphinde kwaphawulwa lapho ukuthi esikhathini esisuka ku-2019 kuya ku-2022, i-ombudsman njenge-NPM yazisa ngokuphindaphindiwe iziphathimandla ezithintekayo mayelana nokuba khona kwezinkinga ezingapheli ezibhedlela zikahulumeni zengqondo, izimo zokuphila ezilulazayo, ukungondleki okungapheli kweziguli ngenxa yemodeli yezimali engalungile. kwatholakala, izinga eliphansi lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukuntuleka kwabasebenzi kanye nenqubomgomo esimeme yokukunqoba, kuhlanganise nokuntuleka kwezinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle ukusiza ukuhlanganiswa kabusha kweziguli kuma-PSH.
Mayelana nalokhu, u-Ombudsman ugcizelela ukuthi kuthathwe izinyathelo ezimbalwa eziphuthumayo ukuvimbela noma yiluphi uhlobo lwempatho eyehlisa isithunzi noma ukuhlukunyezwa okungenzeka. Okokuqala, ukuhlukanisa isenzo "sokuhlushwa" njengobugebengu obuzimele, ngokulandelayo - ukuhlanganyela ezenzweni zokulawula okuphumelelayo - ngesisekelo se-Art. 127, ingxenye yesi-4 yoMthethosisekelo weRiphabhulikhi yaseBulgaria ukuthi ihhovisi lomshushisi liqondise njalo ekusetshenzisweni kwezinyathelo zobugebengu nezinye eziphoqelelayo kuzo zonke izibhedlela zikahulumeni zabagula ngengqondo, ngoba zigcinwa izindawo zokuncishwa inkululeko.
I-ombudsman iphinde iphakamise ukuthi kubuyekezwe uhlaka olungokomthetho lwenqubo yokusetshenziswa kwezinyathelo zokuzibamba okwesikhashana ezigulini ezinokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okusunguliwe futhi kwenziwe umthetho olandelwayo wokusebenzisa izinyathelo eziphoqelelayo “zokunganyakazi” kanye “nokuhlukaniswa”, lapho kufanele kucace khona. kuphawulwe ukuthi yisiphi isikhathi kanye nokuthi iziguli zingahlukaniswa kangaki futhi zivinjelwe (ziboshwe) esikhathini esingamahora angama-24, nokucacisa izizathu lapho lezi zinyathelo zisetshenziswa khona.
Umbiko uphinde ugcizelele ekwandiseni amathuba okulawulwa komphakathi ngokufaka okuphoqelekile komuntu onemfundo yezomthetho kanye nommeleli wenhlangano engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni wamalungelo abantu ekubunjweni kweKhomishini Yokwengamela Ukuqaliswa Kwezinyathelo Zokuvinjelwa Emzimbeni Zesikhashana, kanye nokuhlanganisa indlela yokuxhasa ngezimali zonke izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwempilo yokwelashwa kweziguli ezilaliswa esibhedlela, kuboshwe ikhwalithi yenkonzo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo enikeziwe.
Umbiko uphinde uchaze udaba lokuhlukunyezwa okubi kakhulu kusukela kwaqala umsebenzi ka-Ombudsman njenge-NPM. Lona ngumlilo owenzeka ngo-Okthoba 2, 2023 eSibhedlela Sezengqondo Sikahulumeni - Lovech, lapho kushone khona isiguli. Insizwa eshone ngesikhathi kusha umlilo ewadini ehlala yodwa esibhedlela sabagula ngengqondo eLovech, igwetshwe ukuthi ilale ewodini ehlala yodwa amahora angu-9, angu-6 kuwo eboshiwe. Ngokusho kwe-ombudsman, u-Diana Kovacheva, lesi silinganiso siwukuhlushwa. Uphikelela ekugadweni okukhethekile kophenyo yihhovisi lomshushisi. Futhi nokuqapha zonke izinyathelo eziphoqelelayo kwezokwelashwa kwengqondo, ukuguqula umthethonqubo wokuzihlukanisa.Ukuhlolwa kwe-ombudsman lapho kwaqokomisa ubuthakathaka obuningi ohlelweni lokuhlinzeka ngokunakekelwa kwengqondo okuseqophelweni eliphezulu nokuvikelwa kwabagula ngengqondo. Isibonelo - ukuntuleka kohlaka lwezomthetho kanye nezinqubo zokuqalisa izinyathelo zokuvinjelwa ngokomzimba kwesikhashana kwabantu kuma-PSH, ukuntuleka kwezindlela eziphumelelayo zokulawula izikhungo zikahulumeni, kanye nezinkinga ezingapheli ngekhwalithi yokunakekelwa kwengqondo enikeziwe ngenxa yemali enganele. yomsebenzi.
Okunye okugxilwe kulo mbiko we-NPM kuhlobene nokushoda mayelana namalungelo ezingane ezingqubuzana nomthetho.
Iphinde ikhombise ukuthi kuwo wonke umbiko waminyaka yonke we-NPM, izincomo zenziwa ngokungaguquguquki ukuthi kuvalwe izikole okuhlalwa kuzo futhi kwethulwe izinyathelo zesimanje nezisebenzayo zokusebenzisana nezingane eziphula umthetho, okuhlanganisa ubulungisa bokubuyisela kanye nomsebenzi wokuvimbela, kanye nokwakhiwa komphakathi ovikelayo. uhlelo. ngenethiwekhi yamasevisi (amasevisi adidiyelwe kanye nezinyathelo zemfundo, ezengqondo nezenhlalo nezokuvikela kanye nezindlela zokusekela) eziphathelene nezingane ezingqubuzana nomthetho.
Mayelana nalokhu, umbiko uchaza ukuthi ngo-2023 ithimba le-ombudsman evela ku-NPM kanye ne-Chief Directorates Rights Directorates enza ukuhlola okuthathu ngokuhlanganyela e-Educational Boarding Schools (EBS) kanye ne-Social and Pedagogical Boarding Schools (SPBS) ukuze ahlole ukutholakala noma ukuntuleka inqubekelaphambili yoMbiko Wesithathu Onendikimba Ngamalungelo Ezingane Ezibekwe Ezikhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme Nasezikhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme.
“Ngenxa yengcindezi ye-systemic ye-ombudsman, izikole ezine zokuhlala zavalwa, njengalesi esisesigodini saseDragodanovo, kumasipala waseSliven. Sehlile isibalo sezingane ezihlaliswa kulezi zintathu ezisele zafinyelela ku-88. Iningi lezingane liyizisulu zezimo ezimpilweni zabo - ubumpofu , ukuntuleka kwezimo zezindlu ezijwayelekile, abazali abahlukene kanye/noma labo abafuduki bezomnotho phesheya Isisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo sisesimweni esibi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukulungiswa kwengxenye kwenziwa Ukutshalwa kwezimali. kwezinsiza (ezezimali, ezobuchwepheshe nezomuntu) ohlelweni lwe-EBSs kanye nama-SPBS akufanelekile. Imizamo yeziphathimandla kufanele igxile ngokugcwele ekuvalweni ngokushesha kwalezi zikhungo kanye nokudala uhlelo lomphakathi oluvikelayo oluhlanganisa inethiwekhi yezinsizakalo (izinsizakalo ezididiyelwe kanye nezinyathelo zemfundo, ezengqondo nezenhlalo nezokuvikela kanye nezindlela zokusekela) maqondana nezingane zishayisana nomthetho,” kwengeza lo mbiko.
Lapho, kuyakhumbuleka ukuthi kuMbiko Wesithathu Wesihloko Ngamalungelo Ezingane Ezibekwe Ezikhungweni Zemfundo Ephakeme Nasezikhungweni Zemfundo Yamabanga Aphakeme, kutholakale uchungechunge lwezenzo ezimbi ezingapheli, ukuthi izikhungo zemfundo ephakeme kanye nezikhungo zemfundo ephakeme azihlangabezani nezindinganiso zamazwe ngamazwe, ngoba zivela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "izakhiwo zohlobo lwe-barrack" ezinezindawo zokulala ezivamile, izindlu zangasese, izindlu zangasese. Nezingane ezihlaliswe kuzo azigcini nje ngokuthola imfundo esezingeni eliphezulu nokunakekelwa kwezempilo, kodwa nezihlobo zazo azikwazi ukuzivakashela ngenxa yokuba kude kwezikhungo nokushoda kwezimali. Ukwengeza, izinyathelo zemfundo zinezimpawu zokucindezelwa kobugebengu, okungukuthi umphumela wazo wezemfundo uwukuphoqelela unswinyo noma imingcele. Kwaphawulwa ukungabikho kokulawulwa kokwahlulela ngezikhathi ezithile kanye nokuhlinzekwa kosizo lwezomthetho ezinganeni ezibekwe mayelana nezinyathelo zemfundo ezibekwe kuzo.
Phakathi kwezinye izinkinga ezishiwo ukuthi umthetho osebenzayo awuzivumeli izingane ezifakwe esikhungweni semfundo - isikole okuhlalwa kuso ukuthi zifake izicelo kuziphathimandla zezomthetho ukuze zicele ukubuyekezwa kokuboshwa kwazo. Kanye nokuthi emthethweni wangaphakathi waseBulgaria akukho ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile nokuzenzakalelayo ngokuphathelene nokuboshwa okukhulunywa ngakho.
EMbikweni Weshumi nanye we-Ombudsman njengo-NPM ngomunye unyaka, kuyagcizelelwa ukuthi ukwamukelwa kwenqubomgomo kazwelonke kanye namasu obulungiswa bezingane okunombono wesikhathi eside kuyadingeka. Kanye nokuthi imizamo yeziphathimandla kufanele igxile ngokugcwele ekuvaleni ngokushesha izikhungo zezingane ezingqubuzana nomthetho kanye nokudala uhlelo lomphakathi oluvikelekile oluhlanganisa inethiwekhi yezinsizakalo (izinsizakalo ezididiyelwe kanye nezemfundo, ingqondo-somphakathi kanye izinyathelo zokuzivikela kanye nezindlela zokusekela) maqondana nalezi zingane.
"Isincomo sesidingo sokuthatha izinyathelo zomthetho ezisebenzayo zokudluliselwa ku-NPC ye-Directive 2016/800/ ye-EU ngeziqinisekiso zenqubo zezingane ezingabasolwa noma abasolwa ezinqubweni zobugebengu," kusho u-ombudsman.
Ngo-2023, i-NPM izokwenza ukuhlola oku-3 okuhleliwe nokungu-11 okungamenyezelwa ezikhungweni zezenhlalakahle zezingane nabantu abadala.
Futhi, isincomo sika-ombudsman esokusheshisa inqubo yokususa ukunakekelwa kwabantu asebekhulile isikhathi eside, ngoba ukuhlala isikhathi eside kwabantu abakhubazekile ezikhungweni kuphula amalungelo abantu ayisisekelo, futhi amakhaya ngokwawo angachazwa njengezindawo zokuphucwa inkululeko.
Lo mbiko uveza elinye iqiniso elikhathazayo - ukuba khona kwezikhungo eziyisikhombisa ezinamandla abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 (eyodwa inama-228), eziqhelelene nezikhungo zikamasipala nezibhedlela, ezingenabo ochwepheshe abazozinakekela.
“Okwamanje, zingu-9 kuphela amakhaya abantu abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo, abaphazamisekile ngokwengqondo nabanokuwohloka komqondo avaliwe. Nakulokhu futhi, sekutholakele ukuthi amakhaya awahlangabezani nanoma yiziphi izindlela zokuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezenhlalakahle ezisezingeni eliphezulu kubantu abakhubazekile. Isimo sengqondo ngabantu abahlaliswe emakhaya nokuhlala kwabo lapho asigcini nje ngokuba sibi futhi siyabalulaza, kodwa amalungelo abo ayisisekelo ayaphulwa,” kusho umbiko. Okungukuthi, ilungelo lokunyakaza kwamahhala nokuxhumana nomhlaba wangaphandle; lokunakekelwa okungokwengqondo nokwelashwa kwekhwalithi; yendawo yomuntu siqu kanye nezimo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zenhlanzeko nezindawo zokuhlala, kanye nelungelo lokunakekelwa komuntu ngamunye.
U-Ombudsman usephinde waphawula ukushoda okusobala kwesifiso kanye nombono wokuhambisa izinsiza zokunakekelwa kwezindawo zokuhlala emphakathini. Esikhundleni salokho, kubhekwe okuphambene nalokho - isisekelo sezinto ezisetshenziswayo kulezi zikhungo zisafana, ziqhelelene nesikhungo sikamasipala, ngokuvamile ingqalasizinda ehambisana nayo yakhiwa kabusha ngemali encane yokwakha izindlu ezivikelekile kanye nezindawo zokuhlala zohlobo lomndeni. Lokhu kuholela ekusebenzeni kwemisebenzi emisha etholakala esakhiweni esisodwa noma egcekeni lenkonzo yendawo yokuhlala.
Lo mbiko udonsela ukunaka eqinisweni lokuthi ngo-2023, umkhuba wokuhlolwa kwenani elikhulu ezindaweni zokudonsa izigwebo zoMnyango Wezobulungiswa uyaqhubeka.
“Ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba 2022, kwashicilelwa umbiko weKomiti YaseYurophu Yokuvimbela Ukuhlukunyezwa Nokuphathwa Ngobuntu noma Okululaza noma Ukujeziswa ohambweni lwayo lwesishiyagalombili eBulgaria. IKomidi liveza izinkinga ezikhona nezibalulekile ezihlobene nodlame phakathi kweziboshwa, izimo ezingagculisi emajele nasezikhungweni zokuboshwa ezweni, ukwanda kwezimbungulu namaphela, kanye nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ephusile neyakhayo kulabo abancishwe amathuba. yenkululeko yabo. Lokhu okutholakele okungenhla kufakazelwa nokuhlolwa okwenziwa ngu-Ombudsman esikhundleni sakhe njenge-NPM ngo-2023, okukhombisa ngokusobala isidingo esiqhubekayo sokuguqula umgomo wokujezisa ohlelweni lwamajele,” kusho umbiko.
Kuyagcizelelwa ukuthi okutholakele okubalulekile okujwayelekile kulo mkhakha kusaqhubeka nokushoda kwesixazululo esisebenzayo ezinkingeni ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo, okungukuthi - ukushoda kwesistimu ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kweziboshwa; ukuqhubeka nokushoda ngempahla yokulala enciphile; izinkinga ezingaxazululiwe ngokuba khona kwamaphela, izimbungulu nezinye izinambuzane ezindaweni zokuphucwa inkululeko, njll.
Okunye okugcizelelwa kulo mbiko ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo abantu abavalelwe ezikhungweni zokulala zoMnyango Wezangaphakathi. Ngo-2023, bangu-2,509 XNUMX abantu abanjalo abahlanganiswa lapho kuhlolwa.
Ukuqaliswa kwezincomo ezenziwe ngo-2022 maqondana namalungelo ezingane kanye nabantu abafuna noma abanqatshelwe ukuvikelwa kwamazwe ngamazwe kwahlolisiswa.
Ngo-2023, i-ombudsman yenza ukuhlola ezakhiweni ezine ukuze kuhlaliswe abantu ababoshiwe ohlelweni loMnyango Wezangaphakathi. Kwatholakala lapho ukuthi izimo zokuphila ezibonakalayo ziyaqhubeka ziba zimbi, nokufinyelela okuncane emini kanye nesisekelo sezinto ezibonakalayo esinciphile.
Futhi ngo-2023, esikhundleni sakhe njenge-NPM, u-ombudsman uzokwenza ukuhlolwa ezikhungweni zendawo yokuhlala yesikhashana yabokufika ngaphansi koMnyango Wezangaphakathi kanye nasezikhungweni zokuhlalisa ababaleki ngaphansi kwe-State Agency for Refugees (SRA) ngaphansi kwe UMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe. Okugxilwe kakhulu kokuhlolwa ngakunye ukuhlola izimo izingane ezingaphelezelwanga ezihlala ngaphansi kwazo kanye nezindlela zokwesekwa ezinikeziwe.
Amasheke athola ukuthi ngo-2023, ngokwezibalo ze-SRA, izicelo ezingu-5,702 zokuvikela amazwe ngamazwe zathunyelwa izingane ezingaphelezelwanga. Kulaba, bangu-3,843 abaphuma ezinganeni ezingahlali muntu, kanye nabangu-1,416 abancane. 2023 49 izingane ezingaphelezelwanga zihlaliswa ezikhungweni zezenhlalakahle.
"Kuyakhathaza futhi ukuthi imvamisa izingane ezingaphelezelwa ziyanyamalala ezikhungweni zokulala ezivulekile ze-SRA ngaphansi koMkhandlu Wongqongqoshe, lingakapheli isonto noma amabili, ziqhubeke nendlela yazo eya eNtshonalanga Yurophu ngokusebenzisa imigudu yababaleki ehlelekile nemba eqolo," kugcizelela umxazululi. umbiko woNyaka.
Udonsela ukunaka eqinisweni lokuthi ukuhlolwa ngo-2023 kuphinde kwathola isibalo esandayo sezingane ezingaphelezelwa ezimeni zezinkinga eziyisisekelo ezingaxazululeki unomphela. Isibonelo - isincomo sika-ombudsman kusukela ngo-2022 asikenziwa futhi isikhungo sokubhalisa nokwamukela abantu - i-Harmanli isaqhubeka nokungabi nendawo ephephile yezingane ezingaphelezelwanga kanye nabancane abafuna ukuvikelwa ngamazwe ngamazwe. Ukufaneleka kwezincomo zokwethulwa kwenqubomgomo ehlelekile yokuvikela nokuhlanganiswa kwezingane ezingaphelezelwanga kuyaqhubeka. I-ombudsman iveza ukuthi kuyadingeka ukuhlola izinyathelo ezingenzeka zokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa nokusekelwa kwabancane abangahambanga abaye bathola isimo ngokuhlanganiswa emphakathini futhi uma bengafisi ukufakwa endaweni yokunakekelwa kwezenhlalakahle zokuhlala.
Ngo-2023, i-ombudsman yaqapha ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo zokuphatha eziphoqelelayo ezingama-33 ekubuyeleni ezweni lendabuko, izwe lezokuthutha noma izwe lesithathu kanye nokuxoshwa.
Amaqembu aqaphayo athole izinkinga zesistimu lapho ehlola amafayela omuntu siqu abantu bangaphandle - eqhubeka nomkhuba wokungaqedi ngokugcwele kwamadokhumenti, ikakhulukazi mayelana nokukhalazwa kwemiyalo yokuphoqelela izinyathelo zokuphatha eziphoqelela; ubufakazi obungekho bokuthi izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe ziyakuqaphela okuqukethwe imiyalo enikezwe yona yokuphoqelela izinyathelo zokuphatha eziphoqelelayo, kanye nelungelo labo lokulikhalaza ngokuhambisana neKhodi Yenqubo Yokuphatha; ukungabi bikho kobufakazi bokuthi izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe ezihlaliswe ezindlini eziyisipesheli ukuze kuhlaliswe abantu bakwamanye amazwe okwesikhashana ziyalazi ilungelo labo lokuthola usizo lwezomthetho nokuthi baye bahlangana nabameli abababonisayo futhi babazisa ngamalungelo abo kanye nezinketho zomthetho, njll.
Isithombe: Diana Kovacheva / Cindezela isikhungo se-ombudsman
