Ngu-St. Vincentius waseLerin,
kusukela incwadi yakhe yomlando emangalisayo "Incwadi Yesikhumbuzo Yasendulo kanye Nomhlaba Wonke Wokholo Lwebandla"
Isahluko 4
Kodwa ukuze senze lokho esikushilo kucace kakhudlwana, kufanele kufanekiswe ngezibonelo ezihlukene futhi kwethulwe ngokuningiliziwe kakhudlwana, ukuze ekuphishekeleni kwethu okufushane ngokwedlulele, izwi elisheshayo kufanele lisuse ukubaluleka kwezinto.
Ngesikhathi sikaDonatus, okwavela kuye igama elithi “Donatists”, lapho ingxenye enkulu yabantu base-Afrika yaphuthuma ekuqubukeni kwephutha labo, lapho, ngokukhohlwa igama, ukholo, ukuvuma izono, yabeka ukunganaki okuhlambalazayo komuntu oyedwa. umuntu phambi kweBandla likaKristu, ngakho-ke, kulo lonke elase-Afrika, yilabo kuphela, bedelela ukuhlukana okubi, bajoyina iBandla lomhlaba wonke, abangazigcina bengalinyazwa endlini engcwele yenkolo yokubuyisana; ngempela bashiyela izizukulwane isibonelo, ukuthi kamuva ngokuhlakanipha ukubeka impilo yomzimba wonke ngaphambi kobuwula bomunye, noma okungenani abambalwa. Futhi, lapho ubuthi buka-Arian bungenile, hhayi ekhoneni elithile, kodwa cishe umhlaba wonke, kangangokuthi ubumnyama base bugubuzele izingqondo cishe zabo bonke ababhishobhi abakhuluma isiLatini, beholwa ngokwengxenye ngamandla, ngokwengxenye ngokukhohlisa, futhi babavimbela ekunqumeni. iyiphi inkambo okufanele ilandelwe kulokhu kudideka - khona-ke nguye kuphela owayemthanda futhi ekhonza uKristu ngokweqiniso futhi wabeka ukholo lwakudala ngaphezu kobuqili obusha wahlala engangcoliswa ukusulelana okuvela ngokumthinta.
Izingozi zangaleso sikhathi zabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ukwethulwa kwemfundiso entsha kungase kube yingozi kangakanani. Ngoba ke akuzona nje izinto ezincane eziwile, kodwa futhi izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu. Akubona nje kuphela ubudlelwano begazi, ubungane, imindeni, kodwa namadolobha, abantu, izifundazwe, izizwe, futhi ekugcineni wonke uMbuso WaseRoma wanyakaziswa futhi wanyakaziswa kwaze kwaba sezisekelo zawo. Ngoba emva kwalokhu okusha okubi kwe-Arian, njengokunye kweBellona noma ukufutheka, kwaqala ukuthumba umbusi, kwase kuthi ngaphansi kwemithetho emisha kanye nabo bonke abantu abaphakeme kakhulu esigodlweni, akuzange kuyeke ukuxuba nokudida yonke into, ngasese neyomphakathi, ezingcwele nezihlambalazayo, ukuze zingahlukanisi phakathi kokuhle nokubi, kodwa ukuba ashaye noma ubani athanda ukumsusa ekuphakameni kwesikhundla sakhe. Khona-ke amakhosikazi ahlukunyezwa, abafelokazi bethukwa, izintombi zihlanjalazwa, izindlu zezindela zabhujiswa, abefundisi bashushiswa, abadikoni bashaywa, abapristi baxoshwa; amatilongo, imigodi, nezimayini kwakugcwele amadoda angcwele, iningi lawo okwathi ngemva kokunqatshelwa ukungena emadolobheni, laxoshwa futhi laxoshwa, lawela phezu, lonakaliswa, futhi labhujiswa ngobunqunu, indlala, nokoma phakathi kwezingwadule, imigede, izilwane. namatshe. Kanti konke lokhu akwenzeki yini ngoba imfundiso yasezulwini igudluzwa yizinkolelo zabantu, endulo, eyama ezisekelweni eziqinile, ichithwa yintsha engcolile, ihlanjalazwa eyasendulo, iyachithwa izimiso zawoyise, izimiso zokhokho ziyachithwa. okhokho bethu baphenduka babe uthuli nothuli, futhi izimfashini zelukuluku elinonya elisha azigcinwa phakathi kwemingcele engenasici yesikhathi sasendulo esingcwelisiwe nesingonakalisiwe?
Isahluko 5
Kodwa mhlawumbe lokhu sikwenza ngenxa yokuzonda okusha nothando lwakudala? Noma ubani ocabanga kanjalo, okungenani makakholelwe u-Ambrose obusisiwe, lowo encwadini yakhe yesibili eya kumbusi uGratian, naye ngokwakhe ekhala ngesikhathi esibuhlungu, ethi: “Kodwa sekwanele, O Nkulunkulu uMninimandla onke, siye sageza ngokuthunjwa kwethu nokwethu. igazi ukubulawa kwabavuma izono, abadingiswa babapristi kanye nobubi balobu bubi obukhulu. Kucace ngokwanele ukuthi labo abangcolise ukholo ngeke baphephe.' Futhi futhi encwadini yesithathu yomsebenzi ofanayo: “Masigcine imiyalo yokhokho futhi singalokothi sephule ngobudedengu obukhulu izimpawu ezizuzwe njengefa kubo. LeyoNcwadi Yesiprofetho evaliwe, nabadala, namandla, nazingelosi, nazingelosi ezinkulu, abalokotha ukuyivula: NguKristu yedwa owayenelungelo lokuyichaza kuqala. Ubani phakathi kwethu ongaba nesibindi sokuphula uphawu lweNcwadi yobupristi, evalwe ngabavuma izono futhi yangcweliswa ngokufel’ ukholo koyedwa nababili na? Abanye baphoqeleka ukuthi bayivule, kodwa base beyivala kabusha, begxeka ukukhwabanisa; futhi labo abangazange balinge ukulingcolisa baba ngabavuma izono nabafel’ ukholo. Singakuphika kanjani ukholo lwalabo esimemezela ukunqoba kwabo na?' Futhi ngempela siyakumemezela, O ohloniphekile Ambrose! Ngempela siyammemezela futhi, simdumisa, siyamangala ngaye! Ubani-ke oyisiphukuphuku esingaka ukuthi, nakuba engenawo amandla okubamba, akafisi okungenani ukulandela labo abangenamandla ayengabavimbela ekuvikeleni ukholo lwamadlozi—kungabi yizinsongo, noma ukuthopha, noma ukuphila, noma ukufa, nesigodlo, onogada, akukho mbusi, akukho mbuso, akukho bantu, akukho amademoni? Ngigomela ngokuthi, ngoba bagcina inkani ubudala benkolo, uNkulunkulu wabahlulela njengabafanele isipho esikhulu: ngabo ukubuyisela amabandla awileyo, ukuvuselela izizwe ezifile ngomoya, ukubeka imiqhele elahliwe emakhanda abapristi, ukuyesula. akhiphe leyo mibhalo engalungile engalungile, kanye nebala lokungahloniphi okusha ngomfudlana wezinyembezi zabathembekile ethululelwa ababhishobhi abavela phezulu, futhi ekugcineni ukubuyisela cishe umhlaba wonke, ushanelwe yisiphepho esibi salokhu kuhlubuka okungalindelekile, ukungakholwa okusha kuya ekukholweni kwasemandulo, kusukela ekuhlanyeni okusha kuya ekuhlakanipheni kwakudala, kusukela ebumpumputheni obusha kuya ekukhanyeni okudala. Kodwa kukho konke lokhu kucishe kufane nobungcwele balabo abavuma izono, into eyodwa ebaluleke kakhulu kithi: ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, ngesikhathi seBandla lasendulo, bazithathela bona ukuvikela hhayi ingxenye ethile, kodwa yonke. Ngokuba kwakungafaneleki ukuba amadoda amakhulu kangaka nakhazimula kangaka asekele ngomzamo omkhulu kangaka izinsolo ezingaqinisekile futhi ngokuvamile eziphikisanayo zoyedwa noma ababili noma abathathu, noma ukungena ezimpini ngenxa yesivumelwano esithile esivamile esifundazweni esithile; kodwa, belandela izimiso nezinqumo zabo bonke abapristi beBandla elingcwele, abazuzi beqiniso lobuphostoli nelokubuyisana, bakhetha ukuzikhaphela bona, kodwa hhayi ukholo lwasendulo lomhlaba wonke.
Isahluko 6
Khona-ke, sikhulu isibonelo salamadoda abusisiwe, ngokungangabazeki angaphezulu, futhi afanelekela ukukhunjulwa nokucabangisisa ngokungakhathali kwawo wonke amaKristu eqiniso; ngoba bona, njengothi lwezibani eziyisikhombisa, ezikhanya kasikhombisa ngokukhanya kukaMoya oNgcwele, babeka phambi kwamehlo ezizukulwaneni umthetho ogqame kakhulu, ukuthi kamuva, phakathi kokuduka kwamagama angenalutho ahlukahlukene, babezongqubuzana kanjani nesibindi sokuqamba okusha nokubi. igunya lezinto zasendulo ezingcwelisiwe. Kodwa lokhu akukusha. Ngoba eBandleni bekulokhu kwenzeka ukuthi uma umuntu ethanda kakhulu inkolo, usuke ekulungele ukuphikisa izinto ezintsha. Kunezibonelo ezinjalo ezingenakubalwa. Kodwa ukuze singathatheki, masithathe oyedwa kuphela, futhi kungcono kakhulu ukuba abe ngowabaphostoli; ngoba wonke umuntu angabona ngokucace ngokwengeziwe ukuthi yimaphi amandla, ngasiphi isifiso nangayiphi intshiseko abalandeli ababusisiwe babaphostoli ababusisiwe ababuvikela njalo ubunye bokholo obake bafinyelelwa. Lapho u-Agrippinus ohlonishwayo, umbhishobhi waseCarthage, waba ngowokuqala owacabanga, ngokuphambene nencwadi yaphezulu, ngokuphambene nomthetho weSonto lendawo yonke, ngokuphambene nemibono yabo bonke abapristi abakanye naye, ngokuphambene nesiko nokusungulwa kokhokho. ukuthi uMbhapathizo kufanele uphinde. Lokhu kusungulwa kwahlanganisa ububi obuningi kangangokuthi akuzange kunikeze bonke abahlubuki isibonelo sokuhlambalaza, kodwa futhi kwadukisa abanye abathembekile. Futhi njengoba abantu kuyo yonke indawo bakhononda ngalokhu kusungulwa, futhi bonke abapristi yonke indawo bephikisana nakho, ngamunye ngokwezinga lentshiseko yakhe, khona-ke uPapa obusisiwe uStefanu, umbhishobhi wesihlalo sobukhosi sobuphostoli, wakuphikisa kanye nabangane bakhe, kodwa ngentshiseko enkulu kakhulu. bonke, becabanga, ngokubona kwami, ukuthi umelwe ukudlula bonke abanye ekuzinikeleni kwakhe ekukholweni, njengoba nje ebadlula ngegunya lesikhundla sakhe. Ekugcineni, encwadini eya e-Afrika, waqinisekisa lokhu okulandelayo: “Akukho okungavuselelwa - yiSiko kuphela okufanele lihlonishwe.” Lendoda engcwele nehlakaniphileyo yaqonda ukuthi ubungcwele beqiniso awuvumi omunye umthetho ngaphandle kokuthi zonke izinto kufanele zinikezwe amadodana ngokholo olufanayo nolwamukelwa ngalo kokhokho; ukuze singaholeli ukukholwa ngokuthanda kwethu, kodwa ngokuphambene nalokho - sikulandele lapho kusiholela khona; nokuthi kuyafaneleka ukuba nesizotha nokuqina komKristu ukungadluliseli okungokwakhe ezizukulwaneni zakhe, kodwa ukulondoloza lokho akuthole kokhokho bakhe. Yayiyini-ke indlela yokuphuma kuyo yonke le nkinga? Yini ngempela, kodwa evamile futhi ajwayelekile? Okungukuthi: endala yagcinwa, futhi entsha yenqatshwa ngokuhlazisayo.
Kodwa mhlawumbe kwakungaleso sikhathi lapho ukusungula kwakhe kwakuntula ukusekelwa? Ngokuphambene, wayenamakhono anjalo ohlangothini lwakhe, imifula enjalo yokukhuluma, abalandeli abanjalo, ukuzwakala okunjalo, iziprofetho ezinjalo zemiBhalo (ezihunyushwe, yiqiniso, ngendlela entsha nembi) ukuthi, ngokubona kwami, lonke uzungu. bekungeke kubhidlizwe nganoma iyiphi enye indlela isizathu, ngaphandle kwesisodwa - ukuqanjwa okusha akukakamelani nesisindo sesizathu sako, esikwenzile futhi sikuvikele. Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Yaba yini imiphumela yalo Mkhandlu noma isimemezelo sase-Afrika? Ngentando kaNkulunkulu, akekho; yonke into yachithwa, yenqatshwa, yanyathelwa njengephupho, njengenganekwane, njengenganekwane. Futhi, o, ukusonteka okumangalisayo! Ababhali balemfundiso bathathwa njengabathembekile, nabalandeli bayo bangamambuka; othisha bakhululwe, abafundi balahlwa; ababhali bezincwadi bayakuba ngamadodana ombuso kaNkulunkulu, nabameleli babo bayogwinywa yisihogo somlilo. Ngakho-ke ngubani oyisiwula ongangabaza ukuthi lowo okhanyayo phakathi kwabo bonke ababhishobhi nabafel 'ukholo - uCyprian, kanye nabangane bakhe, bazobusa noKristu? Noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, ubani okwazi lokhu kuhlambalaza okukhulu ukuphika ukuthi amaDonatist nabanye abantu abakhohlakele, abaziqhayisa ngokuthi baphinde babhapathizwa ngegunya lalowo mkhandlu, bayosha emlilweni waphakade nodeveli?
Isahluko 7
Kimina kubonakala sengathi lesi sahlulelo senziwe saziwa kusukela phezulu kakhulukazi ngenxa yenkohliso yalabo abathi, becabanga ukufihla ukuhlubuka okuthile ngaphansi kwegama lakwelinye izwe, ngokuvamile babambe imibhalo yombhali othile wasendulo, engacacile kahle, okuthi ngesizathu sokucabanga. ukufiphala kwabo kuhambisana ne-ujkim yokufundisa kwabo; ukuze kuthi uma beyikhipha le nto ndawana thize, babonakale bengebona abokuqala noma yibona bodwa. Lokhu kukhohlisa kwabo, ngokubona kwami, kunenzondo ephindwe kabili: okokuqala, ngoba abesabi ukunikeza abanye ubuthi bokuhlubuka, futhi okwesibili, ngoba ngesandla esibi bavusa inkumbulo yomuntu ongcwele, njengoba uma bevusa amalahle abesephenduke umlotha, nalokho okufanele kungcwatshwe kuthuleke, bakwenza kwaziwe kabusha, bakuveze futhi, ngaleyo ndlela babe abalandeli bakakhokho wabo uHamu, ongagcinanga ngokumboza ubunqunu bomuntu ohloniphekile. UNowa, kodwa wakubonisa abanye, ukumhleka. Ngakho-ke wathola ukucasuka ngokuhlambalaza ukuhlonipha uNkulunkulu—okukhulu kangangokuthi ngisho nenzalo yakhe yaboshwa ngesiqalekiso sezono zakhe; wayengenjengabafowabo ababusisiweyo, ababengangcolisi amehlo abo ubunqunu bukayise ohloniphekayo, bangambuleli abanye, kodwa bawaphendulela amehlo abo, njengokulotshiweyo ukuthi, bamembesa; futhi abazange baveze isiphambeko somuntu ongcwele, ngakho-ke bavuzwa ngesibusiso bona kanye nesizukulwane sabo.
Kodwa ake sibuyele esihlokweni sethu. Ngakho-ke kufanele sigcwale ngokwesaba okukhulu nokwesaba ngecala lokuguqula ukukholwa nokuhlambalaza ukuhlonipha uNkulunkulu; hhayi kuphela imfundiso ngesakhiwo seBandla, kodwa futhi umbono categorical abaphostoli ngegunya labo kusivimbela kulokhu. Ngoba wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi umphostoli uPawulu obusisiwe uhlasela ngokuqinile kangakanani, nangokhahlo kangakanani abanye abathi, ngokukhululeka okumangalisayo, basheshe bamuka kulowo “owababizela emseni kaKristu, baya kwelinye ivangeli, kungesikho ukuthi likhona elinye.” “abathe, beholwa yizinkanuko zabo, bazibuthela abafundisi, befulathelisa izindlebe zabo eqinisweni, baphendukela ezinganekwaneni,” “ababephansi kokulahlwa, ngokuba besilahlile isithembiso sabo sokuqala,” labo abadukiswa labo umphostoli abhalela abazalwane baseRoma ngabo: “Ngiyanincenga, bazalwane, ukuba nixwaye abaveza ukwahlukana nokudukisa okuphambene nesifundiso enasifundiswa nina, nibaxwaye. Ngokuba abanjalo abakhonzi iNkosi yethu uJesu Kristu, kodwa izisu zabo, futhi ngamazwi amnandi nathophayo, bakhohlisa izinhliziyo zabangaqondiyo, “abanyebelezela ezindlini, bayenge abafazi abasindwa yizono, nabuswa izinkanuko eziyizinhlobonhlobo, nabafazi abangenangqondo. bafunda njalo, futhi abanakuze bafinyelele olwazini lweqiniso,” “abakhuluma iziqhingi nabakhohlisi, . . . , “besitshekelwe ukuziqhenya, abazi lutho futhi bahlushwa yizinkulumo eziyize nezimpikiswano; bacabanga ukuthi ukuhlonipha uNkulunkulu kusiza inzuzo,” “njengoba bengasebenzi, bavame ukuhamba indlu ngendlu; futhi abavilaphi kuphela, kodwa bayakhuluma, bafuna ukwazi, futhi bakhuluma izinto ezingafanele,” “abalahla unembeza omuhle, babhidlikelwa umkhumbi ekukholweni,” “abamanyala abo okuyize ayakunqwabelanisa ububi obengeziwe, nokukhuluma kwabo kube yinkohliso. izosabalala njengendlu yokuhlala'. Kulotshiwe futhi ngabo ukuthi: “Kepha abasayikuphumelela, ngokuba ubuwula babo buyakubonakaliswa kubo bonke, njengokuba ubuwula babo bambulwa.”
Isahluko 8
Kwathi abanye abanjalo bedabula izifunda nemizi, bethwala izinkohliso zabo njengempahla, bafinyelela kwabaseGalathiya; kwathi lapho, ngemva kokubazwa, abaseGalathiya bathola uhlobo oluthile lwesicanucanu ngenxa yeqiniso futhi balahla imana lemfundiso yabaphostoli neyomkhandlu, futhi baqala ukujabulela ukungcola kokuqanjwa kabusha kwembuka, igunya legunya lobuphostoli lazibonakalisa, ukuze “Kepha uma nathi, kusho umphostoli, noma ingelosi evela ezulwini ishumayele kini okuphambene nalokho esanishumayeza khona, makabe ngesiqalekiso.” Kungani ethi “kodwa noma yithi” futhi engasho ukuthi “kodwa uma ngisho mina”? Lokhu kusho ukuthi: “Ngisho noPetru, no-Andreya, yebo, noJohane, ekugcineni ngisho neqembu lonke labaphostoli kufanele bashumayele kini okuphambene nalokho esesikushumayezile, makabe ngesiqalekiso.” Isihluku esibi kakhulu, ungazigodli wena noma abanye abaphostoli abakanye nawe, ukuze kuqiniswe ukuqiniswa kokukholwa kokuqala! Nokho, akugcini lapho: “Noma ingelosi evela ezulwini, ithi, ingashumayeza okunye okuphambene nalokho esanishumayeza kona, makabe ngesiqalekiso.” Ukuze kulondolozwe ukholo kanye nje, kwakunganele ukubalula isimo somuntu kuphela, kodwa isimo sezingelosi eziphakeme kwakufanele kufakwe. Uthi: “Ngisho nathi, noma ingelosi evela ezulwini.” Hhayi ngoba izingelosi ezingcwele zezulu zisenamandla okwenza isono, kodwa ngoba ufuna ukuthi: noma ngabe kungenzeka okungenakwenzeka - noma ngubani, noma ngubani, kufanele azame ukuguqula ukholo lapho silethwe kithi - isiqalekiso. Kodwa mhlawumbe lokhu wakusho ngokungacabangi, kunalokho wakuthulula, eqhutshwa umfutho womuntu, kunokuba akunqumele, eholwa yingqondo yaphezulu? Lutho neze. Ngoba kulandela amazwi agcwele isisindo esikhulu sala mazwi aphindaphindiwe: “Njengoba sesishilo, namanje ngiyaphinda futhi: Uma umuntu eshumayela utho kinina oluphambene nalokhu enakwamukeliswayo, makabe ngesiqalekiso.” Akashongo ukuthi “uma umuntu enitshela okwehlukile kulokho enakwamukeliswayo, makabusiswe, adunyiswe, amukelwe”, kodwa wathi: makabe ngesiqalekiso, okungukuthi, asuswe, akhishwe, akhishwe ngaphandle, funa ukuthelelana okubi komphefumulo. izimvu zokungcolisa umhlambi kaKristu wabangenacala ngokuhlangana kwawo okunobuthi naye.
Qaphela: NgoMeyi 24, iBandla ligubha inkumbulo ka-St. Vincent wase-Lerin (ikhulu le-5)
