Na biyuth Majalisar Turai ta Psychology ta yi taro a Brighton tsakanin 3 da 6 Yuli 2023. Babban jigon shi ne 'Haɗin kan al'ummomin don dorewar duniya'. Al'umman Pric na Ingila (BPS), ta hanyar takaddama mai kalaman sa, da aka shirya binciken wani taron tattaunawa a cikin ilimin halayyar dan adam, da suka gabata da na yanzu.
Taron karawa juna sani a Majalisar Dokokin Turai na Psychology
Taron ya hada da jawabi daga Farfesa Marius Turda, na Jami'ar Oxford Brookes, kan alakar da ke tsakanin eugenics, ilimin halin dan Adam, da kuma rashin mutuntawa. Wannan ya biyo bayan wasu takardu guda biyu, ɗaya daga Nazlin Bhimani (Cibiyar Ilimi ta UCL) wanda ya mayar da hankali kan gadon eugenic a cikin ilimin Burtaniya, ɗayan kuma, Lisa Edwards, wanda danginta suka rayu da ƙwarewar cibiyoyin kula da hankali a Biritaniya irin wannan. a matsayin mafakar Rainhill.
"Wannan shi ne karo na farko da wani taron karawa juna sani kan eugenics ya gudana a taron kasa da kasa na ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma kungiyar BPS Challenging Histories Group ta taka rawar gani wajen ganin hakan," in ji Farfesa Marius Turda. The European Times.
Nunin kan Legacies na Eugenics
Taron ya zana kwarin gwiwarsa daga nunin nuni "Ba Mu kaɗai ba" Gadon Eugenics. Farfesa Marius Turda ne ya shirya baje kolin.
The nuni An tsara cewa "eugenics yana da nufin 'inganta' 'ingantattun' kwayoyin halittar 'yan adam ta hanyar sarrafa haifuwa da kuma, a iyakarsa, ta hanyar kawar da waɗanda masu ilimin eugenicists suka ɗauka a matsayin 'ƙanana'."
Eugenics ya samo asali ne a farko a Biritaniya da Amurka a cikin karni na sha tara, amma ya zama yunkuri mai tasiri a duniya a shekarun 1920. Eugenicists sun kai hari ga mutanen da ke cikin addini, kabilanci, da tsirarun jima'i, da kuma waɗanda ke da nakasa, wanda hakan ya kai ga tsare su a hukumance da hana su haihuwa. A cikin Nazi Jamus, ra'ayoyin eugenic na inganta launin fata sun ba da gudummawa kai tsaye ga kisan kai da kuma Holocaust.
Farfesa Marius Turda ya yi bayanin cewa “Math Polymath na Victoria, Francis Galton, shine mutum na farko da ya inganta ra'ayoyin eugenics a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam tare da kasancewa babban jigo a ci gaban fannin a matsayin ilimin kimiyya. Tasirinsa akan masana ilimin halayyar dan adam na Amurka da Burtaniya kamar James McKeen Cattell, Lewis Terman, Granville Stanley Hall, William McDougall, Charles Spearman da Cyril Burt na da matukar muhimmanci."
“Manufana ita ce in sanya gadon Galton a cikin mahallinsa na tarihi, da kuma ba da tattaunawa kan yadda ilimin halin dan Adam da masana ilimin halayyar dan adam suka ba da gudummawa ga ɓata mutuncin mutane masu nakasa. Dabarar da na yi ita ce in karfafa gwiwar masana ilimin halayyar dan adam da su amince da wariya da cin zarafi da eugenics ke yadawa, ba ko kadan ba saboda abubuwan tunawa da wannan cin zarafi suna da rai a yau," in ji Farfesa Marius Turda. The European Times.
Eugenics da Psychology
An mai da hankali kan abubuwan da suka gada na eugenics a Majalisar Dokokin Turai ta Psychology ya dace da maraba. Yana da mahimmanci ba ko kaɗan ba idan aka yi la'akari da cewa fannonin kimiyya kamar ilimin halin ɗan adam sun kasance muhimmin tushe wanda irin waɗannan muhawarar suka yadu kuma suka sami karɓuwa. Duk da haka, shekaru da yawa ba a fuskanci wannan ba ko ma an gane hakan. Tarihin matsala na eugenics da kuma wanzuwarsa har yanzu a cikin harshen yanzu kuma a wasu lokuta, ana ganin ayyuka a cikin muhawara game da gado, zaɓin zamantakewa, da hankali.
Ƙwarewar kimiyyar da masana ilimin halayyar ɗan adam suka bayar an yi amfani da su don cin mutunci, ɓata da kuma ɓata mutuncin waɗanda rayuwarsu suke sarrafawa da kulawa. Waɗannan mutanen da ake ganin suna wakiltar wani ɗan adam daban, kuma ba su da ƙarfi, dole ne a kafa su a cikin 'makarantu na musamman' da 'yan mulkin mallaka' tare da gabatar da takamaiman shirye-shiryen ilimi.
Da kyau a yanzu ya kamata mu gina dandali don dorewar tunani na hukumomi da tattaunawa mai zurfi tsakanin masana ilimin halayyar dan adam, tare da tasiri mai nisa ga tarbiyyar kanta, farfesa Marius Turda ya nuna.
Kamar yadda al'ummomin kimiyya suka shaida sake dawowar mahimmancin maganganun eugenic a cikin 2020, bayan kisan gillar George Floyd sannan kuma tare da barkewar cutar ta Covid-19, a bayyane yake cewa dole ne mu haɓaka sabbin hanyoyin tunani da aiwatar da ilimin halin ɗan adam, idan muna so. fuskantar kalubalen da muke fuskanta, a daidaiku da kuma a dunkule, da na kasa da kuma na duniya baki daya.
Alamar Al'adu ta al'ummar Ingila (BPS), Sophie Obinilly ta ce "Muna matukar farin cikin gabatar da wannan sakin wannan a wani batun da har yanzu yana da fa'ida ta hanyar magancewa a yau. Kazalika bayar da tarihin alakar da ke tsakanin ilimin halayyar dan adam da eugenics, labarin tarihin rayuwar iyali na sama da karni na samar da cibiyoyi da kyama zai zama muhimmi wajen bayyana abubuwan da ke faruwa."
Dr Roz Collings, Shugaban Kwamitin Da'a na Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Tarihi ya ce.
Dokta Roz Collings ya yi nuni da cewa, “Wannan taron tattaunawa mai tunzura jama’a da zaburarwa ya baiwa mutane ido su fara tambayoyi. Taron ya samu halartar da kyau tare da tattaunawa mai kyau da kuma tambayoyin da ke ba da haske game da tunani da sha'awar masana ilimin halayyar dan adam daga ko'ina cikin duniya."
Ta kara da cewa, "Yana da mahimmanci a yi tunani, maimakon mantuwa, kuma a ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin ilimin halin dan Adam don kalubalantar duk wata matsala mai wuyar da za ta kasance a gaba. Wannan taron tattaunawa ya ba da damar sarari ga mutane da yawa su yi hakan. ”
Wani mai halarta, farfesa John Oates, Shugaban Ƙungiyar Ba da Shawarwari ta Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Birtaniya. Kungiyar Histories ta yi farin ciki da samun damar yin aiki kafada da kafada da Farfesa Turda don shirya wannan taron."
Farfesa John Oates ya kara da cewa, "Abin farin ciki ne ba kawai samun masu sauraro masu kyau ba, har ma da samun masu sauraro da suka shiga cikin abubuwan da muka gabatar da kuma kiran da muka yi don yin aiki. Fatanmu shi ne mun fara tattaunawa da za ta yadu da kuma taimakawa wajen dakile dawwamammiyar gado na akidar akida wacce har yanzu ke cutar da maganganun jama’a da na sirri.”
Kare haƙƙin ɗan adam
Tony Wainwright, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam kuma memba na BPS Climate Environment Action Coordinating Group, ya bayyana ta wannan hanyar: “Abin farin ciki ne kuma a lokaci guda abin ban tsoro don shiga cikin taron tattaunawa kan 'Gashin Gadon Eugenics da ya gabata da Present'."
“Abin da ya firgita shi ne tun tunawa da shigar da ilimin halin dan Adam a baya wajen samar da munanan akidu da ke haifar da wariyar launin fata da wariya. Harshenmu yana riƙe da ra'ayoyin rabe-raben tunani - yanzu ana amfani da su azaman zagi - "moron", "wawa", Tony Wainwright ya fayyace.
Ya kara da cewa, "Kwarewar rayuwar danginta da daya daga cikin masu magana, Lisa Edwards, ta kawo a zaman ya nuna yadda wannan ba batun ilimi ba ne amma yana da mummunan sakamako."
Tony Wainwright a ƙarshe ya lura, "An sami farin ciki da fatan cewa tunawa da abubuwan da suka gabata zai sa mutane su yi aiki na zamani yayin da wannan gadon ke ci gaba. Muna cikin lokacin da ‘yancin ɗan adam ke fuskantar barazana a sassa da dama na duniya, kuma da fatan taron tattaunawa irin wannan zai ƙarfafa ƙoƙarinmu na kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a duk inda za mu iya.”
A wajen taron, BPS ta kuma gabatar da wasu sassa na nunin 'Ba Mu Kadai: Legacies of Eugenics', wanda Farfesa Marius Turda ya shirya. Ana iya duba bangarorin nunin anan:
https://www.bps.org.uk/history-psychology-centre/exhibition-we-are-not-alone-legacies-eugenics
Ana iya kallon cikakken nunin a nan:
Mahimmanci, an kuma nuna nunin nunin a cikin fitowar rani na The Psychologist, wanda aka shirya don taron.
