The Ingqungquthela YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu, idwelisa amalungelo asisiseko kunye nenkululeko engenakuze yaphulwe ngamaZwe, athe avuma iSivumelwano. Oku kuquka amalungelo afana nala: ilungelo lokuphila okanye ukwalelwa kwentuthumbo, ilungelo lenkululeko nokhuseleko, nelungelo lokuhlonelwa kubomi bangasese nobentsapho.
I-Convention inikeza isiseko esisemthethweni esivumela ukuqonda okufanayo kwamalungelo oluntu kumntu wonke kungakhathaliseki ukuba yiliphi ilizwe laseYurophu umntu ohlala kuyo, kwaye nangona la mazwe awabelani ngezithethe ezifanayo zezopolitiko, ezomthetho okanye ezentlalo.
Yabhalwa kwiminyaka emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini
Ingqungquthela yaqalwa yabhalwa kwiminyaka emva kweMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ukukhusela abantu ngokuchasene nokuxhatshazwa kwamazwe abo, ukudala ukuzithemba phakathi kwabantu kunye noorhulumente kunye nokuvumela ingxoxo phakathi kwamazwe.
IYurophu kunye nehlabathi ngokubanzi ziye zaphuhliswa kakhulu ukususela ngo-1950, zombini iteknoloji kunye neembono zomntu kunye nolwakhiwo loluntu. Ngotshintsho olunjalo kwiminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe edlulileyo izikhewu kwizinto zokwenyani ezidlulileyo kunye nokungabikho kombono ongaphambili ekuqulunqweni kwamanqaku athile kwiNgqungquthela kubangela imingeni kwindlela yokuqonda nokukhusela. amalungelo abantu kwihlabathi lanamhlanje.
Ukujongana nale mingeni, iNgqungquthela yaseYurophu kuye kwafuneka iguquke. Iye yahlaziywa rhoqo, kwaye iiprothokholi ezintsha zongezwa ukwandisa ububanzi bamalungelo oluntu, ukuthatha ukujonga utshintsho kuluntu, kubandakanywa nemiba enxulumene nobuchwepheshe obutsha, i-bioethics okanye indalo, kodwa kunye neminye imiba namhlanje esiyijonga njengesiqhelo. njengokhuseleko lwempahla, ilungelo lonyulo olukhululekileyo okanye inkululeko yokuhambahamba.
Abaphuhlisi abaqulunqa isicatshulwa seNgqungquthela yaseYurophu bafundiswa kwaye basebenza ngexesha apho amaLungelo oLuntu ayengekho embindini wokwenza umthetho kunye nemodeli yentlalo. Yiyo loo nto bekuyimfuneko ukuyiqulunqa kwasekuqaleni. Kwakufuneka kuvunyelwane ngezopolitiko kwihlabathi elalisandul’ ukutyhubela iimfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini, kwaye lajongana nemingeni emininzi enzima kakhulu kwaye kwezinye iimeko la mazwe asenokuba ebengekakulungeli ngokupheleleyo amalungelo oLuntu lweHlabathi.
Iinyani ezintsha ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji kunye nesimo sengqondo sentlalo
Ukusukela oko kwavulwa iNkomfa ngo-1950 kuye kwakho utshintsho olumandla kwisimo sengqondo kwimiba efana nesohlwayo senkunzi kunye nocalulo ngenxa yesini nokukhubazeka. Ngapha koko, iNgqungquthela yaseYurophu kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokunxulumene nezinto ezazingekho ngo-1950, ezinje ngosetyenziso olubanzi lweekhamera zokhuseleko (ezaziwa ngokuba yiCCTV) kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke nakwiivenkile, i-in vitro fertilization (IVF), i-intanethi, ezahlukeneyo. inkqubela kwezonyango, nezinye izinto ezininzi.
INkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Oluntu, iqumrhu elisemthethweni leBhunga le iYurophu etolika iNgqungquthela yaseYurophu kunye nokulawula kumatyala anxulumene nesicelo sayo okanye ukungabikho kwayo ebomini bokwenene xa iziswe phambi kwayo, iye yalawula kwimiba emininzi yoluntu efana nokukhupha isisu, ukuncedisa ukuzibulala, ukukhangela umzimba, ubukhoboka basekhaya, ukunxiba iimpawu zonqulo. ezikolweni, ukukhuselwa kwemithombo yeentatheli kunye nokugcinwa kwedatha yeDNA.
Kwezinye iimeko, kuye kwagxekwa iNgqungquthela yaseYurophu, yaye ngokukodwa indlela echazwa ngayo, iye yanda “ngaphezu koko babecinga ngako abaqulunqi beSivumelwano xa babesisayina.” Amabango anjalo ngokuqhelekileyo aye aphakanyiswa ngamaqhezu athile e-Conservative, kodwa ekuhlalutyweni oku afunyaniswa eneneni engafanelekanga kwaye abonisa ukuqonda okuncinci kwendlela imithetho eyenziwa ngayo kwaye itolikwa ngayo.
Inkcaso “yokulwela amalungelo abantu” yeNkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu, enokuthi kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kakhulu isekelwe kwisigqibo seNkundla esithandabuzekayo, idla ngokulandeleka kwimiba apho ummangali engavumelani nesigwebo kunokuba iyinyaniso. iNkundla itolika inkalo ethile yeNgqungquthela yaseYurophu ngokweemeko zanamhlanje, kuquka neminye imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe yamalungelo abantu.
Ukunyanga iNgqungquthela yaseYurophu "njengesixhobo esiphilayo" kubalulekile ukuba umthetho uziqhelanise nolu tshintsho, kwaye amalungelo oluntu anentsingiselo kufuneka ahlale eyinyaniso. IEuropean Convention ifanele ibe 'sisixhobo esiphilayo' njengoko ihlabathi litshintsha, ngaphandle kokuguqula umoya wento ayiko Amalungelo Abantu.
