18th I-European Congress of Psychology idibene e-Brighton phakathi kwe-3 kunye ne-6 kaJulayi 2023. Umxholo wonke wawuthi 'Ukudibanisa uluntu kwihlabathi elizinzileyo'. IBritish Psychological Society (BPS), ngeQela leeMbali eziMngeni, yabamba ucweyo oluphonononga ilifa leeugenics kwisayikholoji, kwixesha elidlulileyo nelikhoyo.
I-Symposium kwi-European Congress of Psychology
I-symposium yayiquka intetho evela kuNjingalwazi uMarius Turda, iYunivesithi yase-Oxford Brookes, malunga nobudlelwane phakathi kwe-eugenics, i-psychology, kunye ne-dehumanisation. Oku kwalandelwa ngamanye amaphepha amabini, elinye lelikaNazlin Bhimani (Iziko lezeMfundo le-UCL) eligxile kwilifa le-eugenic kwimfundo yaseBritane, kunye nelinye, nguLisa Edwards, osapho lwakhe lwaluphila ngamava amaziko onyango lwengqondo eBritane. njengendawo yokuKhusela iRainhill.
“Esi kokokuqala ngqa ukuba kuqhutywe i-symposium malunga ne-eugenics kwinkomfa yamazwe ngamazwe yezengqondo kwaye iBPS Challenging Histories Group ibe luncedo ekwenzeni ukuba yenzeke,” utshilo uNjingalwazi uMarius Turda. The European Times.
Umboniso kwiLifa le-Eugenics
Olu ngcelele lwafumana inkuthazo kumboniso “Asisodwa” Ilifa le-Eugenics. Lo mboniso ubuphethwe nguNjingalwazi Marius Turda.
The umbukiso yabonisa ukuba “injongo ye-eugenics ‘kukuphucula’ imizila yemfuza ‘yomgangatho’ wabantu ngokulawula ukuvelisa inzala yaye, xa igabadele, ngokushenxisa abo bagqalwa ziingcali ze-eugenics ‘njengabaphantsi’.”
I-Eugenics yaqala eBritani nase-United States ngenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kodwa yaba yintshukumo yehlabathi jikelele ngeminyaka yoo-1920. Ii-Eugenists zijolise kubantu benkolo, ubuhlanga, kunye nesondo esincinci, kunye nabo bakhubazekileyo, okukhokelela ekuvalelweni kwabo kumaziko kunye nokuvalwa inzala. KwiJamani yamaNazi, iimbono ze-eugenic zokuphuculwa kohlanga zaba negalelo ngokuthe ngqo ekubulaweni kwabantu abaninzi kunye nokuBulawa Kwabantu Ngenkohlakalo.
UNjingalwazi Marius Turda uchaze ukuba “ipolymath yeVictorian, uFrancis Galton, wayengumntu wokuqala ukukhuthaza iikhonsepthi ze-eugenics ngaphakathi kwesayikholoji kunye nokuba ngoyena mntu ubalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwecandelo njengoqeqesho lwezenzululwazi. Impembelelo yakhe kwiingcali zengqondo zaseMelika naseBritane ezinjengoJames McKeen Cattell, Lewis Terman, Granville Stanley Hall, William McDougall, Charles Spearman kunye noCyril Burt yayibalulekile.
“Injongo yam yayikukubeka ilifa likaGalton kwimeko yalo yembali, kunye nokunikela ngengxoxo malunga nendlela isayikholojisti neengcali zengqondo ezinegalelo ngayo ekuthotyweni kwabantu abakhubazeke ngengqondo. Iqhinga lam ibikukukhuthaza iingcali zengqondo ukuba zivumelane nocalucalulo kunye nempatho-gadalala ekhuthazwa yi-eugenics, hayi kancinci kuba iinkumbulo zolu xhatshazo ziphila kakhulu namhlanje,” utshilo uNjingalwazi Marius Turda. The European Times.
Eugenics kunye nePsychology
Ingqwalasela kwilifa le-eugenics kwi-European Congress of Psychology yayifike ngexesha kwaye yamkelwa. Akubalulekanga nokuba kuncinci kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba izifundo zesayensi ezinjengezengqondo ziye zaba sisiseko esibalulekileyo apho iingxoxo ezinjalo zisasazwa kwaye zamkelwa. Ukanti, kangangeminyaka akuzange kujongwe okanye kungaqondwa kwanokuqondwa oku. Imbali eyingxaki ye imvelaphi kunye nobukho bayo obusahleliyo kulwimi lwangoku kwaye kwezinye iimeko, izenzo zibonwa kwiingxoxo malunga nemfuzo, ukukhethwa kwentlalo kunye nobukrelekrele.
Ubuchwephesha bezenzululwazi obubonelelwe ngoogqirha bengqondo babusetyenziselwa ukugxeka, ukujongelwa phantsi kwaye ekugqibeleni bajongelwe phantsi abo ubomi babo babebulawula kwaye bababeka esweni. Aba bantu babebonwa njengabamele uluntu olwahlukileyo, nolungaphantsi, lwaluza kufakwa kumaziko 'kwizikolo zemfundo eneemfuno ezizodwa' 'nakwiikoloniyali' kwaye baxhomekeke kwiiprogram zemfundo ezithile.
Ngokufanelekileyo ngoku kufuneka sakhe iqonga lokubonisa iziko elizinzileyo kunye neengxoxo zembewu phakathi kweesayikholojisti, ezineziphumo ezifikelela kude kuqeqesho ngokwalo, unjingalwazi uMarius Turda wabonisa.
Njengoko uluntu lwezenzululwazi lwabona ukuphinda kuqaliswe ukubala i-eugenic rhetoric ngo-2020, emva kokubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd emva koko ngokuqala kobhubhani we-Covid-19, kuyacaca ukuba kufuneka siphuhlise iindlela ezintsha zokucinga kunye nokuziqhelanisa nepsychology, ukuba sifuna ukwenza njalo. sihlangabezane nemingeni ekwabelwana ngayo esijongene nayo, umntu ngamnye kunye nangokudibeneyo kunye nakwilizwe jikelele nakwihlabathi jikelele.
UManejala woLondolozo lweeNkcukacha eziBalulekileyo weBritish Psychological Society (BPS), uSophie O'Reilly uxelele “Sichulumancile kakhulu ukuzisa olu simpoziyam kwiNkongolo yezeNgqondo yaseYurophu ngomxholo oseneziphumo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo namhlanje. Kwakunye nokunika ingxelo yembali yobudlelwane phakathi kwengqondo kunye ne-eugenics, ibali lamava osapho aphila ngaphezu kwenkulungwane yokubekwa kwamaziko kunye nokubekwa amabala kuya kubaluleka ekuqaqambiseni ezi ziphumo. "
UGqr Roz Collings, uSihlalo weBritish Psychological Society's Ethics Committee uthe: “Inzululwazi yengqondo ineembali ezimnyama, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba ayizange iphikiswe ngaphambili.
UGqr Roz Collings wachaza ukuba, "Le ngqungquthela ivuselela ingcinga kunye nekhuthazayo yavumela abantu ukuba babe namehlo kwaye baqale ukubuza. Le simpoziyam yayizinyaswe kakuhle ngeengxoxo eziphilileyo kunye nemibuzo ebalaselisa ingqondo efun’ ukwazi nengqondo yeengcali zengqondo zehlabathi.”
Wongeze ngelithi, “Kubalulekile ukubonakalisa, kunokuba ulibale, kwaye uqhubeke usiya phambili kwengqondo ukucela umngeni kulo naliphi na ikamva elinzima elinokuza. Olu ngcelele lwavula ithuba lokuba abaninzi benze kanye loo nto.”
Omnye owayekho, unjingalwazi uJohn Oates, uSihlalo weBritish Psychological Society's Media Ethics Advisory Group, kunye nelungu leKomiti yeBPS Ethics, wachaza: 'Njengenxalenye yomsebenzi wethu ekuphandeni izinto eziphazamisayo zomsebenzi weengcali zengqondo ezidlulileyo, iBritish Psychological Society Challenging. I-History Group iye yavuya kuba ikwazile ukusebenzisana ngokusondeleyo noNjingalwazi Turda ukuququzelela le simpoziyam.”
Unjingalwazi uJohn Oates wongeze wathi, "Kwakusolisayo kungekuphela nje ukuba nabaphulaphuli abalungileyo, kodwa nokuba nabaphulaphuli abazibandakanya ngeentetho zethu kunye neminxeba yethu esenzweni. Ithemba lethu lelokuba siqalise incoko eza kusasazeka kwaye incede ukuchasa ilifa elihlala lihleli leeugenic ideology esele yosulela iintetho zikawonke-wonke nezibucala. ”
Khusela amalungelo oluntu
UTony Wainwright, isazi ngengqondo kwezonyango kunye nelungu leBPS Climate Environmental Action Coordinating Group, ubonise ngale ndlela: “Kwakuluvuyo olukhulu kwaye kwangaxeshanye kukhwankqisa ukuthatha inxaxheba kungcelele lweentetho olunomxholo othi, 'Ilifa leMveli. Eugenics Edlulileyo kunye neSikhoyo'.
“Umothuko wabangelwa kukukhunjuzwa ngenxaxheba yangaphambili yesayikholoji yengqondo ekuyilweni kweengcamango eziyingozi ezisisiseko sobuhlanga nocalucalulo. Ulwimi lwethu lugcina i-echoes yokuhlelwa kwengqondo - ngoku esetyenziswa njengezithuko - "moron", "idiot"," uTony Wainwright wacacisa.
Wongeze wathi, "Amava osapho lwakhe awathi esinye sezithethi, uLisa Edwards, wawazisa kule seshoni abonise ukuba le yayingengomcimbi wemfundo kodwa ineziphumo ezibi."
UTony Wainwright ekugqibeleni uthe, “Ulonwabo lwavela kwithemba lokuba ukukhumbula ixesha lethu elidlulileyo kuya kubandakanyeka abantu kwizenzo zangoku njengoko eli lifa liqhubeka. Sikwixesha laxa amalungelo abantu esongelwa kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi, kwaye sinethemba lokuba, i-symposia efana nale iya kuyiqinisa imigudu yethu yokukhusela amalungelo abantu naphi na apho sinakho.
Kumsitho wenkongolo i-BPS ibonise iinxalenye zomboniso othi 'Asisodwa: Ilifa le-Eugenics', elawulwa nguNjingalwazi uMarius Turda. Iiphaneli zomboniso zinokujongwa apha:
https://www.bps.org.uk/history-psychology-centre/exhibition-we-are-not-alone-legacies-eugenics
Umboniso opheleleyo unokujongwa apha:
Okubalulekileyo, umboniso wawubonakaliswe kwinqaku lasehlotyeni le-Psychologist, eyayilungiselelwe ikhongolose.
