INdibano yePalamente yeBhunga laseYurophu kule veki yangena kwimiba enzulu yocalucalulo kunye namalungelo, ixoxa ngemilinganiselo engundoqo apho iBhunga lasekwa khona ngo-1950. Uphando oluqhubekayo lulandelela iingcambu zombhalo kwinxalenye yeNgqungquthela yaseYurophu. AmaLungelo oLuntu achaza, kodwa anqande ilungelo lenkululeko kunye nokhuseleko lomntu.
IKomiti yePalamente yeNdibano a isindululo eyavunywa ngo-2022 yabonisa ukuba, iNgqungquthela YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu (ECHR) “kuphela kwesivumelwano samalungelo abantu ehlabathini lonke esiquka umda welungelo lenkululeko ngenxa yokonakala, njengoko liqulunqwe kwiSiqendu 5 (1) ( XNUMX) e), engabandakanyi amaqela athile (abantu “abangalungelelananga ngokwentlalo” ngendlela echazwe kwiNkundla YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu) ekubeni alifumane ngokupheleleyo ilungelo lenkululeko.”
Njengenxalenye yophando kule yeNdibano IKomiti yeMicimbi yezeNtlalo, yezeMpilo kunye noPhuhliso oluZinzileyo NgoMvulo kubambe udliwano-ndlebe neengcaphephe ukuze zifunde banzi kwaye zixoxe ngakumbi ngalo mba. Iingcali ziye zanikezela ngedatha kumalungu eKomiti kwaye bebebuzwa malunga noku.
Ukuva kunye neengcaphephe
UProf. Dr. Marius Turda, uMlawuli weZiko lezoNyango lwezoNyango, iYunivesithi yaseOxford Brookes, e-UK ichaze umxholo wembali apho iNgqungquthela yaseYurophu Amalungelo abantu yenziwe. Ingcali kwimbali ye-eugenics, yachaza ukuba i-eugenics yaqala ukuvela ngo-1880 eNgilani kwaye ukususela ngoko yasasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye yaba yinto yehlabathi jikelele kwiminyaka embalwa.
Ukuze asiqonde ngokwenene esi siganeko, ubani umele aqonde ukuba eyona njongo iphambili ye-eugenics “yayikukuphucula” imizila yemfuza ‘yomgangatho’ wabantu ngokulawulwa kokuveliswa kwenzala yaye, xa igabadeleyo, ngokushenxisa abo babegqalwa. 'ukungafaneleki', ngokwasemzimbeni kunye/okanye ngokwasengqondweni.”
“Kwasekuqaleni ii-eugenistists zaxoxa ngelithi uluntu kufuneka lukhuselwe kumanani akhulayo abo bababiza ngokuba 'abafanelekanga', 'abalungiswanga kakuhle', 'abanengqondo ephilileyo', 'abanengqondo ephangaleleyo', 'idysgenic' kunye 'ne-sub-normal' ngenxa yokufaneleka. ekukhubazekeni kwabo ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Eyabo yayiyimizimba ephawulweyo, ebhalwe ngolo hlobo kwaye ibekwe ibala ngokufanelekileyo,” utshilo uProf. Turda.
Ngokucacileyo i-Eugenics yazuza udumo kwihlabathi liphela ngokuvezwa kweenkampu zoxinaniso zaseJamani yamaNazi ngeminyaka yoo-1940. AmaNazi kwimigudu yawo yokusebenzisa ibhayoloji aye agqwesa i-eugenics. Ukanti, i-eugenics ayizange iphele ngokoyiswa kweJamani yamaNazi. UProf. Turda wabonisa ukuba "iziphakamiso ze-Eugenic zaqhubeka zitsala inkxaso yezopolitiko nesayensi emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II."
Ibinzana elithi “ingqondo ephilileyo” lisetyenziswe kwiNgqungquthela YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu
Ngapha koko, eyona ngcinga 'yengqondo engaphilanga' yaphinda yabhalwa kwingqikelelo 'yokulungiswa kakubi' kwiminyaka yasemva kwemfazwe, emva koko yasetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukuqhubela phambili ukubekwa ibala kweempawu zobuntu ezahlukeneyo.
“Unxulumano phakathi kokhubazeko ngengqondo kunye nokungalungelwa kwentlalontle luhleli lungenamkelo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, impembelelo ekhulayo yezinto ezisingqongileyo kunye nentlalo yoluntu ekuphuhliseni ukuziphatha kwabantu ilungelelanise kwakhona ulwimi lwe-eugenics; kodwa iindawo zayo eziphambili, njengoko zibonakaliswe ngeengxoxo zombini ezilungelelanisiweyo malunga nokusebenza kakuhle kwentlalo kunye nezenzo zomthetho ezigxile kulawulo lokuzala, ziqhubekile emva kwexesha lemfazwe, "utshilo uProf. Turda.
Ngokwembali, ingqikelelo 'yengqondo ephilileyo' - kuzo zonke iimvumelwano zayo - idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekubumbeni ukucinga kunye nokusebenza kwe-eugenic, hayi eBritane kuphela.
UProf. Turda wacacisa ukuba, “yaye yasetyenziswa ngeendlela ezininzi ukugxeka nokuthoba isidima sabantu kunye nokuqhubela phambili izenzo zocalucalulo nokujongelwa phantsi kwabantu abakhubazekileyo ekufundeni. Iingxoxo ze-Eugenic malunga nokuba yintoni na ebandakanya ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo / okungaqhelekanga kunye nezimo zengqondo zakhiwe kwindawo ephakathi malunga nokumelwa kwabantu 'abafaneleke ngokwengqondo' kunye 'nabangafanelekanga', kwaye ekugqibeleni kukhokelele kwiindlela ezintsha zokungavunyelwa kwezentlalo, kwezoqoqosho, kunye nezopolitiko kunye nokukhukuliswa kwamalungelo abantu basetyhini. namadoda abizwa ngokuba ‘anengqondo ephilileyo’.”
Kusekukhanyeni koku ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwe-eugenics njengenxalenye yomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu wolawulo lwabemi ekufuneka umntu ajonge iinzame zabameli baseUnited Kingdom, eDenmark naseSweden inkqubo yokuqulunqa iNgqungquthela YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu licebise kwaye liquke igatya lokukhululwa, eliya kugunyazisa umgaqo-nkqubo karhulumente wokwahlula nokuvalela “abantu abanengqondo ephilileyo, amakhoboka otywala okanye iziyobisi kunye nababhaduli”.
Ngenxa yale mvelaphi ye-eugenic, ke yingxaki enkulu ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa le ntetho kwiNgqungquthela yamaLungelo oLuntu.
UProf. UGqr. Marius Turda, uMlawuli weZiko loLuntu lwezoNyango, iYunivesithi yase-Oxford Brookes, e-UK
UProf. Turda waqukumbela intetho yakhe esithi “Ngenxa yale mvelaphi ye-eugenic, ke ngoko kuyingxaki enkulu ukuqhubeka nokusebenzisa le ntetho kwiNgqungquthela yamaLungelo oLuntu.” Wongeze ngelithi, “Kubalulekile ukuba sithathele ingqalelo amagama esiwasebenzisayo kuba ulwimi ngokwalo lusetyenziselwa ukugcina ucalucalulo. Kumashumi eminyaka ngoku le nkcazo ye-eugenic ihleli ingaphawulwanga kwaye ingathandabuzeki. Lifikile ixesha lokuba kujongwe ngokutsha le ngxaki xa iyonke, kwaye sijamelane nokubambelela ngokuthe ngcembe kwi-eugenics emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II.”
