IKomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yamaLungelo oMntwana yagqiba uphononongo lwayo malunga nokuphunyezwa kwamalungelo oluntu kubantwana eJamani. IKomiti ikhuphe iiNgcebiso ezihlaziyiweyo eziza kuphunyezwa kule minyaka mihlanu izayo. Ezi zindululo zichaphazela yonke imiba yamalungelo abantwana, ukusuka kumalungelo oluntu kunye nenkululeko yabantwana ukuya kwindlela yokujongana ngokufanelekileyo nabantwana abanengxaki ye-ADHD okanye imiba yokuziphatha.
The IKomiti yeZizwe eziManyeneyo yamaLungelo oMntwana ibeka esweni ukuphunyezwa kweNgqungquthela yamaLungelo oMntwana (UN CRC). I-UN CRC sesona sixhobo sibalulekileyo samalungelo abantu kumazwe ngamazwe kubantwana. Ibeka eyona nto iphambili, esemthethweni kwihlabathi, amalungelo abantwana, kubandakanywa nelungelo lokukhuselwa kubundlobongela, ilungelo lokufumana imfundo, ukuthatha inxaxheba kunye nokuphathwa ngokulinganayo kunye nelungelo lexesha lokuphumla, ukuphumla kunye nokudlala. La malungelo afumaneka jikelele, nto leyo ethetha ukuba asebenza kubo bonke abantwana. Amazwe ali-192 - phantse kuwo onke amazwe ehlabathi - atyikitye iNgqungquthela yeZizwe eziManyeneyo ngamaLungelo oMntwana.
Rhoqo kwiminyaka emihlanu ukuphunyezwa kwala malungelo achazwe kwiNgqungquthela kuyaphononongwa kwilizwe ngalinye elithe layivuma ingqungquthela. Okulandelayo emgceni yaba yiJamani. Ngo-2019 ikhabhinethi yombuso waseJamani yamkele ingxelo elungiswe ngabalawuli bayo basembindini inika ingxelo ngenkqubela eyenziwe eJamani. Ingxelo yangeniswa kwiKomiti ye-UN CRC ngo-2020 kwaye emva koko yalandelwa kuphononongo, imibuzo kunye neempendulo kwaye yongezwa ngolwazi oluthe kratya oluvela kuluntu, kunye neZiko laseJamani Amalungelo abantu.
NgoSeptemba iqela likarhulumente waseJamani ladibana neKomiti ye-UN CRC eGeneve, kwaye ngexesha lentlanganiso yosuku olupheleleyo yaba nengxoxo enzulu malunga nokuphunyezwa kwamalungelo oluntu kubantwana eJamani, ukususela namhlanje.
Omnye wemiba eyaqwalaselwayo yayiyimpilo yengqondo. IKomiti ye-UN ye-CRC esele ngexesha lokuphononongwa kokugqibela kweJamani kwi-2014 yayiphakamise inkxalabo "malunga nokunyuka komyalelo we-psycho-stimulants kubantwana kunye nokuxilongwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) okanye i-Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD), kwaye ngokukodwa:
(a) I ngaphezu komyalelo we-psycho-stimulant methylphenidate;
(b) Ukususwa ngenkani kwabantwana abafunyaniswe/bafunyaniswa gwenxa ukuba bane-ADHD okanye i-ADD kwiintsapho zabo kunye nokubekwa kwabo kumaziko okunyamekela abantwana okanye kwizibhedlele zabagula ngengqondo, apho uninzi lwabo lunyangwa ngamayeza e-psychotropic.
IKomiti ye-UN CRC ngale nkxalabo ikhuphe iingcebiso malunga nokujongana nalo mba. Oku kubangele izenzo ezininzi ezenziwa eJamani. Ngoku yayilixesha lokuqwalasela iziphumo.
Njengenxalenye yemibuzo ephakanyiswe ngexesha lentlanganiso kaSeptemba ka-2022, iiNgcali zeKomiti ye-UN CRC ziphakamise umbuzo malunga nokuxilongwa ngokugqithisileyo kwe-ADHD kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamachiza e-psychotropic eJamani ngoku.
Ummeli waseJamani weSebe lezeMpilo njengenxalenye yeqela leqela laseJamani kwintlanganiso ye-UN CRC uphendule umbuzo. Ummeli waqinisekisa ukuba le yingxaki kurhulumente waseJamani.
Wongeze ngelithi “sijonge oku kwaye maninzi amanyathelo athathiweyo umzekelo ulwazi kunye namaphulo okwazisa abantu kwiingcali kunye nabemi bendawo kwaye izikhokelo zekliniki zaphuhliswa ngakumbi kwaye zenziwa ukuba zibonakale ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, ummiselo wezinto ezikhuthazayo wehlile ngo-2014-2018, kukho ukuncipha malunga neepesenti ezingama-40.
Ummeli wongeze ekuqukumbeleni lo mbandela, ukuba "urhulumente ke akacingi ukuba i-ADHD ixilongelwe ngokugqithisileyo eJamani okwangoku."
Iingcali zeKomiti ye-UN CRC ziqaphele oku, kwaye zakhupha isincomo esitsha esifanelekileyo eJamani siqwalasela lonke ulwazi olukhoyo.
IKomiti ye-UN CRC icebisa ukuba iJamani:
”(a) Ukuqinisa iinzame zokuphucula impilo-ntle yengqondo yabantwana, kubandakanywa nokuphuhlisa iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo ezisekelwe kuluntu ekuhlaleni kunye neengcebiso nomsebenzi wothintelo ezikolweni, kumakhaya nakwezinye iindawo zononophelo;
(b) Qinisekisa uvavanyo lwakwangoko noluzimeleyo lwako nakuphi na ukufunyaniswa kokuqala kweengxaki zempilo yengqondo, i-ADHD kunye neminye imiba yokuziphatha, kwaye unike abantwana abanjalo, abazali babo kunye nootitshala ngengcebiso efanelekileyo engeyiyo eyezonyango, esekwe ngokwesayensi yengqondo kunye nenkxaso yeengcali. ”
Inika iJamani amanyathelo okuthatha kule minyaka mihlanu izayo ukuqhubeka nokuphunyezwa kwamalungelo oluntu kubantwana.
