Eyaziwa ngokuthi 'isiqhingi esisoLwandle Lwemibala Eyisikhombisa', iSan Andres iyisiqhingi esikhulu kunazo zonke e-Seaflower, equkethe ingxenye yezixhobo zamakhorali ezicebe kakhulu emhlabeni.
I-San Andres ngokwayo iyisiqhingi samakhorali, okusho ukuthi yakhiwe ngokwezwe ngezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala emathanjeni amakhorali nezinye izilwane eziningi nezitshalo ezihlotshaniswa nalezi zidalwa zamakholoni. Lezi zinhlobo zeziqhingi ziwumhlaba ophansi, ikakhulukazi ngamamitha ambalwa ngaphezu kolwandle, zizungezwe amasundu kakhukhunathi namabhishi esihlabathi se-coral esimhlophe.
Akukona nje ukuqondana ukuthi lesi siqhingi saseColombia siyindawo esezingeni lomhlaba yokutshuza emanzini enamanzi acwebile, kanye nesikhungo sezokuvakasha esivakashelwa abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi unyaka ngamunye.
Kodwa ukuba 'isidingo' kangaka kunesici esibalulekile: Imvelo ehlukile yaseSan Andres nezinsiza zemvelo kube nomthelela omkhulu. Lokhu kuyinto isazi sebhayoloji nomtshuzi ochwepheshile uMaria Fernanda Maya azibonele mathupha.
Umphakathi ovikela ulwandle
“Ngiyibonile iSan Andres ishintsha eminyakeni engu-20 edlule; ukuncipha kwezinhlanzi kanye nesembozo samakhorali kube kuphezulu kakhulu. Njengawo wonke umhlaba, siye sabhekana nokuqhuma okukhulu kwezibalo zabantu, futhi ingcindezi ezinsizeni zethu iyanda,” etshela i-UN News.
UNksz. Maya ubelokhu etshuza futhi esebenza ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe ukuze avikele amagugu e-Seaflower Biosphere Reserve. Ungumqondisi we I-Blue Indigo Foundation, inhlangano yomphakathi eholwa abesifazane esebenzela ekuthuthukisweni okusimeme kwe-San Andres Archipelago, kanye nokuvikelwa nokubuyiselwa kwemvelo yayo yasolwandle.
Uthi uthathe isinqumo sokusungula isisekelo ngoba ekholwa wukuthi umphakathi wakule ndawo kumele uhole ekuvikeleni izinsiza zawo.
“Sengike ngasebenza ezinhlelweni eziningi zezemvelo eziholwa ngamazwe ngamazwe nakazwelonke esikhathini esedlule, okwenzekayo wukuthi abantu beze, benze umsebenzi obekwe isikhathi, bese behamba. Futhi-ke ayikho indlela yokuthi umphakathi wendawo ungaqhubeka nakho,” kuchaza isazi sezinto eziphilayo.
Ngingowasesiqhingini. Ngakha ubuhlobo nolwandle ngingakazalwa.
UNksz Maya usebenza nomxhumanisi wesayensi uMariana Gnecco, ongumlingani wakhe kulesi sikhungo.
“Ngingumuntu wasesiqhingini; Ngakha ubuhlobo nolwandle ngingakazalwa. Bengilokhu ngazi ukuthi angifuni ukuba kude nolwandle,” etshela i-UN News.
UNksz Gnecco ubelokhu e-diving kusukela eneminyaka engu-10 kuphela ubudala, futhi, njengoNksz. Manje wenza neziqu zakhe ze-PhD.
Izazi zebhayoloji zabesifazane aba-Blue Indigo bame nenkulisa yohlobo lwetafula lamakhorali e-San Andres, e-Colombia.
Abesifazane kwisayensi yasolwandle
Ngokuvumelana ne UNESCO, abesifazane bazibandakanya kuzo zonke izici zokusebenzelana kolwandle, nokho ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, iminikelo yabesifazane - kokubili ezindleleni zokuziphilisa ezisekelwe olwandle njengokudoba, nemizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo - konke kungabonakali njengoba ukungalingani kobulili kuqhubeka embonini yasolwandle kanye umkhakha wesayensi yolwandle.
Eqinisweni, abesifazane bamele amaphesenti angama-38 kuphela abo bonke ososayensi basolwandle futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kunedatha encane kakhulu noma ucwaningo olujulile mayelana nodaba lokumeleleka kwabesifazane kulo mkhakha
Bobabili uNksz Maya kanye noNksz Gnecco bangakufakazela lokhu.
“Abesilisa yibona abajwayele ukuhola isayensi yasolwandle kanti uma kukhona abesifazane abaphethe bahlale bekungabaza. Ngandlela thize, kuhle ukuba nabo njengabasizi, noma elabhorethri, kodwa lapho abesifazane behola amaphrojekthi, bengilokhu ngizwa ukuthi kukhona uhlobo oluthile lokuhlehla. Uma owesifazane ekhuluma ngothando 'uyaxakeka'; uma owesifazane enza izinqumo ezingajwayelekile, 'uyahlanya', kodwa uma owesilisa ekwenza, kungenxa yokuthi 'ingumholi'”, kugxeka uNksz Maya.
Uthi ngenxa yokuthi lokhu kube yiqiniso elingabhaliwe abantu besifazane ababhekana nalo, usebenze kanzima eSisekweni ukwakha nokukhulisa isimo esiphambene.
"Sikwazile ukuvumelanisa umsebenzi phakathi kwabalingani besifazane nabesilisa, ukuqaphela, ukwazisa nokunika amandla amandla wesifazane, kanye nalokho amadoda okumele anikeze," kugcizelela uNksz Maya.
“Imibono yethu, ubuchwepheshe bethu, nolwazi lwethu sekuyiminyaka eminingi inganakwa kangangoba ukukwazi ukuhola umsebenzi ofana nalona sekusho lukhulu. Kufanekisela [okukhulu] ngokulingana nokufakwa. Yize luselude ukhalo okufanele siluhambe ngoba abesifazane kwezeSayensi basacekelwa phansi isikhathi esiningi, ngicabanga ukuthi sisendleleni efanele yokubhekana naleyo nkinga unomphela,” kunanela uNksz Gnecco.
Isazi sezinto eziphilayo uMaria Fernanda Maya ubelokhu esebenza impilo yakhe yonke ukuze avikele i-Seaflower UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.
Ukulondoloza izixhobo zamakhorali
Ngosuku izazi zebhayoloji zeBlue Indigo zahlangana nethimba lokubika lenkundla ye-UN News, uNksz Maya noNksz Gnecco baqunga isibindi sokuna kwemvula engapheli okubangelwa indawo ebandayo e-San Andres, isenzakalo esivamile phakathi nenkathi yeziphepho zase-Atlantic.
Ngalolo suku ekuseni, sacabanga ukuthi kungase kungenzeki ukubika le ndaba ngoba imvula yayiphendule imigwaqo yalesi siqhingi yaba imifula, futhi ezinye zezindawo okwakudingeka sifinyelele kuzo zaziphendulwe imigodi yodaka.
“Futhi bathi abantu besifazane bayesaba ukushayela,” kusho uNksz.I-One Million Corals yaseColombia”, lokho kuhloswe ukubuyisela amahektha angama-200 ezixhobo zamatshe ezweni lonke.
Ngaphambi kwalokho ekuseni, konke ukutshuza esiqhingini kwakumisiwe ngenxa yesimo sezulu, kodwa izimo (okungenani emanzini) zagcina ziba ngcono, futhi iziphathimandla zashintsha ifulegi elibomvu laba phuzi.
Lezo zindaba zavusa umgubho omncane phakathi kweqembu labafundi abatshuzi ababemagange ababecabanga ukuthi usuku lwabo lonakele.
Phakathi naleso sikhathi, thina sonke sagqoka amagiya e-scuba sahamba saqonda ogwini emvuleni (eyayilokhu).
“Uma usungaphansi kwamanzi, uzokhohlwa ngalolu suku olumpunga. Uzobona!” Kusho uNksz Maya.
Indawo ye-coral yohlobo lwezintambo ekhulisa uhlobo lwe-Acropora e-San Andres, e-Colombia.
Futhi wayengeke alunge kakhulu. Ngemva kokuphuma ogwini lwamakhorali olunamadwala (nashelelayo) ohlangothini olusentshonalanga yesiqhingi, saba nokuzola okumangalisayo ngaphansi kwamagagasi.
Ukubonakala kwakukuhle kakhulu, futhi izazi zesayensi yezinto eziphilayo zasidlulisa kwezinye zezindawo zamakhorali zohlobo lwezintambo ezazisebenza kuzo. Izingcezu ze-Acropora coral ziyakhula. Siphinde sabona amanye amakhorali asevele atshalwa kabusha ngaphakathi kwetshe elimangalisayo laseSan Andres.
I-Blue Indigo Foundation isebenza eduze nezikole ze-diving esiqhingini, futhi zifaka isandla emizamweni yazo yokubuyisela. I-NGO iphinde ifundise izifundo ezikhethekile zokubuyisela abatshuzi bamazwe ngamazwe izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka.
“Abantu bayafika bezobona iphrojekthi yethu futhi bafunde futhi bathembisane umshado kalula ngoba bese besicela amakhorali. 'O, i-coral yami injani? Leli esilitshale etsheni liqhuba kanjani?’,” kuchaza uMariana Gnecco, wengeza ngokuthi lapho abantu bebona izinto eziphilayo zichuma, kuyasiza ukuqwashisa abantu.
Amakhorali angaphakathi kwe-Seaflower Biosphere Reserve abelokhu ehla kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-70s, okugqugquzelwa ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa kanye ne-asidi emanzini, okubangelwa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ngokweqile kanye nomphumela wokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
"Lezo izinsongo zomhlaba wonke, kodwa futhi sinezinye izinsongo zendawo ezilimaza izixhobo, isibonelo, ukudoba ngokweqile, imikhuba emibi yezokuvakasha, ukushayisana kwezikebhe, ukungcola, nokulahlwa kwendle," kugcizelela uNksz Gnecco.
Amakhorali e-Staghorn atshalwa kabusha atshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo.
Imizamo yabantu bakwaRaizal kanye nokuvakasha okusimeme
By definition, I-UNESCO Biosphere Reserves iyizikhungo zangempela zokufunda mayelana nentuthuko esimeme. Baphinde banikeza ithuba lokuhlolisisa izinguquko nokusebenzisana phakathi kwezinhlelo zezenhlalo nezemvelo, okuhlanganisa nokuphathwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
“Lapho kumenyezelwa indawo yokulondoloza imvelo, kusho ukuthi iyindawo ekhethekile, hhayi nje ngenxa yezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kodwa futhi ngenxa yokuthi kunomphakathi onokuxhumana okukhethekile naleyo mvelo ehlukahlukene, ukuxhumana osekunamashumi eminyaka kuqhubeka namasiko kanye nemvelo. ukubaluleka komlando,” kuchaza uNksz Gnecco.
I-Seaflower ikhethekile kakhulu, uyanezela, esitshela ukuthi yakha amaphesenti angu-10 oLwandle lweCaribbean, amaphesenti angu-75 ezixhobo zamakhorali zaseColombia nokuthi iyindawo ethandwa kakhulu yokongiwa koshaka.
“Umphakathi wendawo - abantu bakwaRaizal, asebehlale lapha izizukulwane ngezizukulwane - bafunde ukuthi baxhumana kanjani nalezi zinhlelo zemvelo ngendlela enempilo neqhubekayo. Lena indlela yethu yokuphila kokubili uRaizal nezinye izakhamuzi. Sincike ngokuphelele kulesi simiso sezinto eziphilayo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, yingakho ibalulekile futhi ikhethekile”, siyanezela isazi sezinto eziphilayo.
I-Raizal iyiqembu le-Afro-Caribbean elihlala eziqhingini zase-San Andrés, Providencia nase-Santa Catalina ngasogwini lwase-Colombian Caribbean. Bahlonishwa nguHulumeni njengomunye wezizwe zase-Afro-Colombian.
Bakhuluma isiSan Andrés-Providencia Creole, esinye seziCreole zesiNgisi eziningi ezisetshenziswa eCaribbean. Eminyakeni engu-20 edlule, iRaizal yayimele ngaphezu kwesigamu sabantu bakulesi siqhingi. Namuhla, inani labantu licishe libe ngu-80,000, kodwa i-Raizal yenza cishe amaphesenti angu-40, ngenxa yokuthutheleka okukhulu kwabantu abavela ezweni.
Isazi sebhayoloji sikaRaizal u-Alfredo Abril-Howard esebenza noMaria Fernanda Maya noMaria Gnecco abavela eBlue Indigo Foundation.
URaizal Marine Biologist kanye nomcwaningi u-Alfredo Abril-Howard naye usebenza eBlue Indigo foundation.
“Amasiko ethu asondelene nolwandle. Abadobi ngabokuqala ukubona izinguquko kuma-coral - isibonelo, baqaphela ukuthi izixhobo ezinempilo ziheha izinhlanzi eziningi. Bangachaza isithombe esicacile sendlela izixhobo zamadwala ezazibukeka ngayo esikhathini esidlule...akekho oqonda ukubaluleka kwezixhobo zethu kangcono kunazo,” ugcizelela.
Uchwepheshe uthi ukholelwa ukuthi kunenkinga enkulu yezenhlalo nezomnotho eSan Andres: ngaphandle kwezokuvakasha, zimbalwa izindlela abantu bakhe abangaziphilisa ngazo.
“Ezokuvakasha zilokhu zikhula futhi imisebenzi eminingi yezomnotho igxile kukho. Ngakho-ke, sidinga izinhlanzi eziningi ngoba kunezivakashi eziningi, ngakho manje sibamba izinhlanzi zanoma yibuphi usayizi othinta i-ecosystem”, usho kanjalo, egcizelela ukuthi ukuphathwa kwezokuvakasha okungcono kungaveza amathuba angcono ezomnotho kubantu bendawo kuyilapho kuvumela ulwandle luchume ngesikhathi esifanayo.
UMnu. Abril-Howard uyachaza ukuthi ukutshuza, uma kulawulwa ngendlela eqhubekayo, nakho kungaba nomthelela ku-ecosystem. Kungasiza futhi ukuqwashisa ngemizamo yokubuyisela futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ubuyisele emanzini.
“Sidinga ushintsho endleleni esenza ngayo ezokuvakasha. Ukubuyisela kabusha izixhobo zethu kubalulekile, kodwa futhi kufanele senze izivakashi ziqaphele ukuthi likhona, nokuthi akulona idwala, Ungumuntu ophilayo futhi akufanele banyathele kuwo. Lezi yizinto ezincane ezingazuzisa ikhava ye-coral yesikhathi esizayo. Kumele futhi sikhombise abantu ukuthi kuningi kulesi siqhingi kunokuza emicimbini udakwe, ukuze bafunde okuthile,” usho kanje.
Umdobi we-Raizal u-Camilo Leche ngaphambi nje kokuthatha uhambo lwasekuseni lokudoba.
Umsebenzi 'wama-superheroes'
KuCamilo Leche, naye uRaizal, imizamo yokubuyisela amakhorali manje isiyingxenye yempilo yakhe njengomdobi.
“Sengineminyaka engaphezu kuka-30 ngidoba. Ngikhumbula ngibona amakhorali ecwebezela okokuqala - uyazi lapho amakhorali eqala ukuphenduka abe mhlophe - futhi ngicabanga ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi amakhorali ayeseguga, sengathi sithola izinwele ezimhlophe. Kodwa manje sengiyaqonda ukuthi kungenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu,” usitshele ngaphambi nje kokuba aqale uhambo lwakhe lwasekuseni lokudoba.
“Ngaphambi kokuthi ngibone amakhorali amahle amakhulu lapha futhi kwakulula ukuthola amalobster nezinhlanzi ezinkulu, manje kufanele siqhubeke siqhubeke ukuze siwathole”, uyanezela.
UMnu. Leche uthi unethemba lokuthi abaholi bomhlaba bangabeka 'izandla zabo ezinhliziyweni zabo nasemaphaketheni abo' ukuze baxhase ngezimali imizamo eyengeziwe yokubuyisela njengaleyo eyenziwa yi-Foundation, aseyisiza manje.
“Ngifunde ukuqhekeza amakhorali, ngiwafake ezintambo. Siphinde siphume siyokwenza izitsha zokufakelwa. Futhi lezozingcezu ezincane manje ziba zinkulu kakhulu futhi zizinhle, uma ngizibona, ngizizwa ngiziqhenya kakhulu ngakho. Ngizizwa ngiyiqhawe elinamandla”.
Umphakathi wakwaRaizal uzibandakanya ngenkuthalo emizamweni yokubuyisela kabusha izixhobo zamakhorali. Lapha amadoda amabili alungele ukufaka i-nursery ye-coral yohlobo lwetafula.
Ukubhukuda ngokumelene namagagasi
I-San Andres ayilahlekelwa nje kuphela isembozo sayo se-coral reef kanye namabhange ezinhlanzi, kodwa lesi siqhingi sibhekene nokuguguleka kogu futhi sisengozini yokuphakama kwezinga lolwandle kanye nezenzakalo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu njengeziphepho.
Konke lokhu kucekela phansi ingqalasizinda futhi kunciphisa ugu lolwandle oluhle lwesiqhingi. Kwezinye izindawo abantu bendawo bathi ngaphambi kokuthi badlale umdlalo webhola ezindaweni lapho sekubonwa imitha nje yolwandle.
I-ecosystem Blue Indigo esebenzela ukubuyisela ibalulekile ukuze kuvikelwe umphakathi ngesikhathi sezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi.
Ngokwesibonelo, ososayensi baseColombia bakwazi ukufakazela ukuthi umhlume wayivikela kanjani i-San Andres phakathi neziphepho i-Eta ne-Iota ngo-2020, phakathi kwezinye izindlela ngokunciphisa isivinini somoya ngaphezu kuka-60 km/h.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izixhobo zamakhorali zinganciphisa cishe ngamaphesenti angu-95 ukuphakama kwamagagasi avela empumalanga yoLwandle lweCaribbean, futhi zinciphise amandla azo phakathi neziphepho.
“Siyazi ukuthi imizamo yethu yokubuyisela ngeke ikwazi ukubuyisela i-coral reef ngokuphelele, ngoba iyisistimu yemvelo eyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa ngokukhulisa izinhlobo ezithile zezilwane singaba nomthelela omuhle, sibuyise izinhlanzi futhi sithungele amandla emvelo alezi zilwane ukuzivuselela,” kusho isikhulu seBlue Indigo uMaria Fernanda Maya.
Isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo uMaria Fernanda Maya sihlanza isikhungo samakhorali sohlobo lwezintambo.
KuMariana Gnecco, kumayelana nokusiza ulwandle ukuthi luphile ngesikhathi soguquko lwendawo ezungezile okwenzeka ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
“Esikudingayo i-ecosystem esebenzayo. Sizama okungenani ukuyinika isandla ukuze ikwazi ukubhekana nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu. I-ecosystem izoshintsha, lokho kuzokwenzeka, kodwa uma sisiza kuzokwenzeka okungenani ngendlela engeke ishone ngokuphelele,” usho kanje.
Kokubili Iminyaka Eyishumi Ye-UN Yokubuyiselwa Kwe-Ecosystem futhi Iminyaka Eyishumi Yesayensi Yasolwandle Yentuthuko Esimeme, zombili ezaqala ngo-2021 futhi zizosebenza kuze kube ngu-2030, zihlose ukuthola izixazululo zesayensi yolwandle eziguqulayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ulwandle oluhlanzekile, olukhiqizayo noluphephile, nokubuyisela imvelo yalo yasolwandle.
Ngokusho kwe-UNESCO, ukulinganisa ukulingana ngokobulili phakathi neminyaka eyishumi ye-Ocean Science kuzosiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi, ngo-2030, abesifazane bazobe beshayela isayensi nokuphathwa kolwandle, ukusiza ukuletha ulwandle esiludingayo ukuze sibe nekusasa elichumayo, elisimeme nelivikelekile kwezemvelo.
“Abesifazane ababambe iqhaza kulokhu baphendla indlela kubo bonke abesifazane abaza ngemuva. Ngempela, ikusasa liyinkinga, futhi sibhukuda ngokumelene nesimanje, kodwa ngicabanga ukuthi noma yini esingayenza ingcono kunokwenza lutho.”
Lowo umlayezo ka-Mariana Gnecco kithi sonke.
