Ingxoxo no-Architect Volodymyr Meshcheriakov, owahola ukwakhiwa kabusha kwesonto elingokomlando ngo-2000-2010, elacekelwa phansi uStalin ngawo-1930.
Ibhalwe nguDkt Ievgeniia Gidulianova
Ubusika obukhulu (14.09.2023) – Ngo-Agasti 2023, ngaphansi kwenyanga ngemva kokuba umcibisholo waseRussia ulimaze kakhulu i-Transfiguration Cathedral yase-Odesa, Umdwebi wamapulani uVolodymyr Meshcheriakov (*) wayesethekwini lase-Ukraine ukuze ahlole umonakalo wesiteleka sase-Russia.
I-Meshcheriakov ubuntu ogama lakhe lihlobene ngokuqondile nomlando wokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Odesa Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Saviour, eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sikaStalin.
Ngo-1999, iqembu labaklami bezakhiwo ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe lawina isimemo sikazwelonke samaphrojekthi wokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Odesa Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Saviour. Isonto lombhishobhi lakhiwa kabusha ngo-2000-2010 ngesisekelo sephrojekthi yakhe futhi wabe eseklonyeliswa uMklomelo Wombuso wase-Ukraine emkhakheni wezokwakha kabusha i-Odesa Cathedral. Ubuye abe ngumbhali we-monograph ngalesi sihloko.
Ingxoxo
U.: Ngokubuka kwakho kochwepheshe, ulihlola kanjani izinga lokucekelwa phansi okwabangelwa iKhathedrali Lokuguqulwa Simo ngenxa yokuqhunyiswa kwemicibisholo yaseRussia e-Odesa ngobusuku bangomhla zingama-23 kuJulayi 2023?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Irokhethi ladlula phezulu ophahleni olungaphezulu kwe-altare elingakwesokudla, lacekela phansi iphansi lesonto lombhishobhi kanye nezitezi ezimbili eziqinile zikakhonkolo ezingaphansi komhlaba zengxenye engezansi yeHholo LoMbuso. Izindonga zale ngxenye yesakhiwo zazilimele kakhulu. Ngaphezu kuka-70% wezakhiwo zophahla kanye nokumbozwa kwethusi kweKhathedrali kwacekelwa phansi ngokuphelele noma konakaliswa ama-shrapnel kanye nokuqhuma kwegagasi. Cishe zonke izintambo zethusi zophahla lwesonto lombhishobhi zingaphansi kokudilizwa nokubuyiselwa. Umhlobiso wobuciko wezakhiwo zengxenye engenhla yesakhiwo wacishe wabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Wonke ama-iconostase nawo acekelwa phansi ngokuphelele - i-marble eyodwa kanye nezinhlangothi ezimbili. Iphansi lemabula lonakaliswe kakhulu izingcezu zamarokhethi.
Q.: Ucabanga ukuthi kuzobiza malini ukubuyisela ngokuphelele i-Odesa Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Saviour?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Inani eliqondile elidingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe ngokuphelele iKhathedrali linganqunywa kuphela ngesisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kocwaningo lwesayensi, umklamo kanye nesilinganiso semibhalo yomsebenzi odingekayo. Ukulungiswa kwemibhalo yocwaningo oluningiliziwe, ukudilizwa nokubuyisela izakhiwo ezilimele, umhlobiso wezakhiwo nowobuciko ngaphakathi nangaphandle kweKhathedrali kuwumsebenzi omkhulu ongathatha iminyaka eminingana. Kuze kube manje, ukuthuthukiswa kwamadokhumenti anjalo ngokusho kolwazi lwami akuqhubeki, iziphakamiso zomsebenzi onjalo kanye nemithombo yezimali azikaziwa.
Nginguchwepheshe wezobulungiswa eMnyangweni Wezobulungiswa wase-Ukraine futhi ngikholelwa ukuthi esinye sezici zemibhalo yokubuyiselwa kweKhathedrali nezinye izinto ezicekeleke phansi kufanele kube umbiko wezobulungiswa oneziphetho kanye nenani lomonakalo. Ngokubona kwami, le mali ingase ilingane namaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-5. Inani elidingekayo ukuze kubuyiselwe iKhathedrali ngendlela yalo yokuqala lingalethwa enkantolo ukuze kunxeshezelwe lelo zwe elihlaseli.
Q.: Kungathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukufeza ukubuyiselwa?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Ngicabanga ukuthi ngemva kokuhlonza imithombo yezimali, abaxhasi kanye nezinkampani zokwakha kabusha, kuzothatha iminyaka engu-5 kuya kweyi-10 yomsebenzi onzima nofanelekayo ukubuyisela ngokuphelele iKhathedrali. Manje, okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuhlola i-cathedral futhi ulungiselele izilinganiso zokuklama zokubuyiselwa.
Isonto lombhishobhi lakhiwa futhi lakhiwa kabusha ngezigaba ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu. I-Cathedral Square yaqokwa ngo-1794 ohlelweni lokuqala lwe-Odesa olwadwetshwa unjiniyela wezempi waseDashi uFranz De Volan. Ngemva kokwakhiwa kabusha kokugcina ngo-1900-1903, yahlalisa abantu abangaba ngu-12,000 XNUMX futhi yayiyisakhiwo sesonto esikhulu kunazo zonke eningizimu ye-Ukraine, isikhungo sokuphila okungokomoya kwezakhamuzi zase-Odesa.
Ngo-1936, i-Odesa Cathedral of the Transfiguration of the Savior yaphangwa futhi yabhujiswa yiziphathimandla zaseSoviet, njengamanye amasonto amaningi e-USSR.
Ngo-1991, ngaqala ukuqoqa imininingwane yokuqala nolunye ulwazi mayelana neKhathedrali, kwathi ngo-1993, ngaphansi kobuholi bami, kwaqedwa iphrojekthi yokuqala yokwakha kabusha lesi sizinda samagugu esilahlekile sase-Ukraine.
Ngo-1999 iphrojekthi yethu yokwakha kabusha iKhathedrali yawina umncintiswano kazwelonke futhi saqhubeka nokuthuthukisa lo msebenzi. Isonto lombhishobhi lakhiwa ngezigaba ezintathu, kusukela ngo-2000. Ngo-2007, laqalwa ukusebenza, lathola isimo sesikhumbuzo somlando esibalulekile sendawo e-Ukraine futhi langcweliswa ngesizotha ngo-2010. Umsebenzi wokwakha, wokuhlobisa nowobuciko waqhubeka isikhathi esingaphezu kwalokho. Iminyaka engu-10 ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izimali zomphakathi, kuphela ngeminikelo evela kwizakhamuzi, amabhizinisi nezinye izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene. I-Black Sea Orthodox Fund yasungulwa e-Odesa ukuze iqoqe izimali neminikelo yokuklama, ukwakhiwa kanye nomhlobiso wobuciko we-Cathedral.
Q.: Ingabe ikhona imisebenzi esivele yenziwa ehlobene nezinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezihloselwe ukulondoloza nokuvikela isonto lombhishobhi njengento eyigugu lamasiko e-Ukraine ekubhujisweni okwengeziwe?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Okwamanje, ngenxa yemizamo yezakhamuzi, imfucumfucu yezingcezwana zezakhiwo ezicekeleke phansi kanye nengaphakathi leKhathedrali selisusiwe. Into eyinhloko manje ukufakwa kwesembozo sesikhashana ngaphambi kwesikhathi sekwindla-ebusika, ukuvikela izinto zangaphakathi emvuleni naseqhweni. Umsebenzi ngale ndlela uyaqhubeka , kodwa awanele ngokombono wami.
Wonke amabutho kanye nezindlela zase-Ukraine manje kuhloswe ngazo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ibutho lase-Ukraine liyanqoba umhlukumezi omubi - iRussia kaPutin. Futhi, okokuqala, izakhamuzi zase-Ukraine ezimizi yazo yacekelwa phansi zidinga ukusekelwa ngokwezimali. Isakhiwo seKhathedrali siphethwe yisifunda-bhishobhi sase-Odesa seSonto Lobu-Orthodox Lase-Ukraine (UOC), elisiza ababaleki futhi elingenazo izimali ezibalulekile zokubuyiselwa kweCathhedral of Transfiguration.
Q. Ubani e-Ukraine othembise ukufaka isandla ekwakhiweni kabusha? Lingakanani inani lomnikelo wabo othenjisiwe?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: I-Odesa Cathedral ngo-1999 yafakwa oHlelweni Lombuso Lokwakhiwa Kabusha Kwezindawo Ezivelele Ezilahlekile Zamasiko Zase-Ukraine, oluhlinzekela ukwabiwa kwezimali zawo wonke umsebenzi kodwa alukho uxhaso lwalo msebenzi olwake lwabiwa. I-Black Sea Orthodox Fund ivuliwe ukuze kuqoqwe izimali zokuvuselela isonto lombhishobhi. Kuze kube manje, anginalo ulwazi mayelana nabantu base-Ukraine abavolontiya ukuxhasa ngezimali ukubuyiselwa kweKhathedrali elabhujiswa ukuhlasela kwemicibisholo yaseRussia.
Q. Ingabe abaphathi bedolobha lase-Odesa baze kuwe befuna ukubamba iqhaza ekubuyiselweni kwe-Odesa Transfiguration Cathedral?
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov: Cha, abazange bangithinte. Njengenhloko yethimba labaklami beKhathedrali elakhiwe kabusha, ngikubona kudingekile ukwenza kubonakale ezizukulwaneni zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo iqiniso lokuthi i-Odesa Shrine yacekelwa phansi umcibisholo waseRussia. Kuze kube manje, iphrojekthi yokubuyisela kufanele ihlanganise ilungiselelo elisho umsuka wokucekelwa phansi kwezindonga eziyinhloko ezilimele ngaphandle kwesonto elikhulu nangaphakathi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuphrojekthi yokubuyisela esikhathini esizayo, imifantu ezindongeni ezonakele ngaphandle nangaphakathi kweKhathedrali kufanele kurekhodwe futhi kwembulwe ngokubomvu. Isinqumo esinjalo sizobe singafi isiteleka se-missile yaseRussia e-Odesa Cathedral. Ukucekelwa phansi okurekhodiwe nokugqanyisiwe kwale ngxenye yesonto lombhishobhi kungaba enye yezindawo zesikhumbuzo zase-Ukraine kukhunjulwa udlame lwezempi lwaseRussia kaPutin.
Ubani uVolodymyr Meshcheriakov:
Volodymyr Meshcheriakov uyi-Ph.D Arch, i-As. UProf., owawina uMklomelo Wombuso wase-Ukraine emkhakheni wezokwakha ngo-2010 wokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-Odesa Transfiguration Cathedral, iLungu leKomidi lase-Ukraine le-ICOMOS, uSihlalo wegatsha lesifunda sase-Odesa le-Architectural Chamber of the National Union of Architects. wase-Ukraine. Isazi se-Forensic soMnyango Wezobulungiswa wase-Ukraine. Umuntu Ocwaninga Ngabacwaningi Be-British Academy Abaphenyi Kuhlelo Lobungozi kanye Nokuvakashela I-Scholar Trinity College, eNyuvesi yaseCambridge.
Umbhali wama-monographs amabili kanye nezincwadi zesayensi ezingaphezu kuka-70, izindatshana, izingqikithi emkhakheni wezokwakha nokuvikela amagugu amasiko.
