I-EU ifuna ukukhulisa ukusimama kohlelo lokudla kanye nokunciphisa isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane ngemithetho emisha yamasu okuzalanisa izitshalo.
Ukuzalanisa izitshalo kuwumkhuba wasendulo owawusetshenziselwa ukwakha izinhlobo zezitshalo ezintsha ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezikhona ukuze kutholwe izimfanelo ezifana nesivuno esiphezulu, ukudla okunomsoco okuthuthukisiwe noma ukumelana kangcono nezifo.
Namuhla, ngenxa yentuthuko ye-biotechnology, izinhlobo zezitshalo ezintsha zingathuthukiswa ngokushesha nangendlela enembe kakhulu ngokuhlela ukwakheka kwazo kofuzo.
In the EU, zonke izinto eziphilayo eziguqulwe ngofuzo (GMOs) okwamanje ziwela ngaphansi kwe Umthetho we-GMO kusukela ngo-2001. Nokho, izindlela zokuzalanisa izitshalo ziye zavela kakhulu kule minyaka engamashumi amabili edlule. Amasu amasha we-genomic (NGTs) avumela imiphumela eqondiwe kakhulu, enembile futhi esheshayo kunezindlela eziningi zendabuko.
Yiziphi izindlela ezintsha ze-genomic?
Amasu amasha e-genomic ayizindlela zokuzalanisa izitshalo ngokwethula izinguquko ezithile ku-DNA.
Ezimweni eziningi, lezi zindlela azidingi ukusetshenziswa kwezakhi zofuzo zangaphandle ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo ezingakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokwemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imiphumela efanayo ingafinyelelwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezivamile, ezifana ne-hybridisation, kodwa inqubo izothatha isikhathi eside kakhulu.
Ama-NGT angasiza ekwakheni izitshalo ezintsha ezikwazi ukumelana nesomiso noma ezinye izimo zezulu ezimbi noma ezidinga umanyolo omncane noma izibulala-zinambuzane.
Ama-GMO e-EU
Ama-GMO yizinto eziphilayo ezinezakhi zofuzo eziye zashintshwa ngendlela engeke yenzeke ngokwemvelo ngokuzalanisa, ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa i-genome yolunye uhlobo.
Ngaphambi kokuthi noma yimuphi umkhiqizo we-GMO ubekwe emakethe ye-EU, udinga ukudlula ukuhlolwa kokuphepha okuphezulu kakhulu. Kukhona nemithetho eqinile mayelana nokugunyazwa kwazo, ukuhlola ubungozi, ukulebula nokulandeleka kwazo.
Imithetho emisha ye-EU
NgoJulayi 2023, i-European Commission yenza isiphakamiso sokuthi a umthetho omusha ezitshalweni ezikhiqizwe amasu amasha e-genomic. Isiphakamiso sizovumela ukugunyazwa okulula kwalezo zitshalo ze-NGT ezithathwa njengezilingana nezitshalo ezivamile. Akukho zakhi zofuzo zangaphandle ezivela ohlotsheni olungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngokwemvelo ezisetshenziselwa ukuthola lezi zitshalo ze-NGT.
Ezinye izitshalo ze-NGT kusazodingeka zilandele izidingo eziqinile ezifana nalezo ezingaphansi kwemithetho yamanje ye-GMO.
Izitshalo ze-NGT zizohlala zivinjelwe ekukhiqizeni okuphilayo futhi imbewu yazo izodinga ukulebula ngokucacile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi abalimi bayazi ukuthi bayitshala ini.
Isikhundla sePhalamende
iPhalamende yamukela isikhundla sayo ngesiphakamiso seKhomishana ngomhla ka-7 February 2024. Ama-MEP asekela imithetho emisha futhi avuma ukuthi izitshalo ze-NGT eziqhathaniseka nezinhlobonhlobo ezenzeka ngokwemvelo kufanele zikhishwe ezimfuneko eziqinile zomthetho we-GMO.
Kodwa-ke, ama-MEP afuna ukuqinisekisa ukuba sobala ngokuqhubeka nokulebula okuyisibopho kuzo zonke izitshalo ze-NGT.
Ukuze ugweme ukungaqiniseki okungokomthetho kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abalimi abanciki kakhulu ezinkampanini ezinkulu zembewu, ama-MEP afuna ukuvimbela wonke amalungelo obunikazi ezitshalo ze-NGT.
IPhalamende manje selikulungele ukuqala izingxoxo ngomthetho omusha nohulumeni be-EU.
