Bungwe la Council of Europe lafika pavuto lalikulu pakati pamisonkhano yake iwiri yomwe ili ndi malemba okhudzana ndi ndondomeko zachisankho zachikale kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma 1900 ndi ufulu wamakono waumunthu wolimbikitsidwa ndi United Nations. Izi zikuonekera bwino kwambiri pamene nkhani imene inali ndi mkangano imene inalembedwa ndi Council of Europe's Committee on Bioethics inali kukaunikanso komaliza. Zikuwoneka kuti makomiti a Council of Europe adagwirizana ndi kukakamiza kutsatira mawu a Convention omwe amalimbikitsa Eugenics mzimu ku Europe.
Komiti Yoyang'anira Ufulu Wachibadwidwe wa Council of Europe idakumana Lachinayi pa Novembara 25 kuti pakati pa ena adziwitsidwe za ntchito ya bungwe lake laling'ono, Komiti ya Bioethics. Makamaka, Komiti ya Bioethics kuwonjezera pa Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights ndi Biomedicine anali atalemba njira yatsopano yovomerezeka yoyendetsera chitetezo cha anthu pakugwiritsa ntchito njira zokakamiza pazamisala. Zinayenera kumalizidwa pamsonkhano wa Komiti wa 2nd Novembara.
Pakulemba chida chatsopanochi chotheka (mwaukadaulo ndi protocol ya msonkhano), wakhala akudzudzulidwa ndi kutsutsidwa ndi maphwando osiyanasiyana. Izi zikuphatikizapo ndondomeko zapadera za United Nations, bungwe la United Nations Human Rights Council, Council of Europe's own Commissioner on Human Rights, Council of Parliamentary Assembly ndi mabungwe ambiri ndi akatswiri omwe amateteza ufulu wa anthu olumala m'maganizo.
Zolemba zolembedwa zoperekedwa ku Komiti Yoyang'anira Ufulu Wachibadwidwe
Mlembi wa Komiti ya Bioethics, Mayi Laurence Lwoff, Lachinayi adapereka Komiti Yoyang'anira Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ndi chigamulo cha Komiti ya Bioethics kuti asachite zokambirana zomaliza za malembawo ndikuvotera kufunikira kwake komanso kutsata ufulu wa anthu padziko lonse lapansi. Mwalamulo zidafotokozedwa ngati kusintha kwa voti. M’malo mokhala ndi maganizo omalizira pa kuvomereza kapena kuvomereza kwa Protocol yolembedwa, anaganiza kuti Komiti ivote ngati itumiza kapena ayi kutumiza zolembedwazo ku bungwe lopanga zisankho la Council, Komiti ya nduna, “ndi a lingalirani chisankho.” Izi zinanenedwa ndi Komiti Yoyang’anira Ufulu wa Anthu.
Komiti ya Bioethics idavomereza izi ndi mavoti ambiri panthawi yake kukumana pa 2 Novembala. Sizinali popanda ndemanga zina. Membala wa Komiti ya ku Finnish, Mayi Mia Spolander adavota mokomera kusamutsidwa kwa protocol yolembedwa, koma adanena kuti, "Iyi si voti pa kuvomereza malemba a ndondomeko yowonjezera. Nthumwizi zavotera kusamutsidwa, chifukwa tikuwona kuti momwe zinthu zilili pano, komitiyi siyingapite patsogolo popanda malangizo ochokera ku Komiti ya Nduna.
Ananenanso kuti ngakhale munthu amafunikira zotetezedwa mwalamulo kwa anthu omwe amawaika modzifunira komanso kulandira chithandizo mwachisawawa m'zachipatala, munthu "sanganyalanyaze kutsutsidwa kwakukulu komwe kwachitika." Mamembala a komitiyi ochokera ku Switzerland, Denmark ndi Belgium adanenanso zomwezi.
Wapampando wa Komiti ya Bioethics, Dr. Ritva Halila adatero The European Times kuti “Nthumwi za ku Finland zinapereka maganizo ake poganiziranso maganizo osiyanasiyana amene magulu osiyanasiyana amatumizidwa ku Boma. Pali kusiyanasiyana kwa malingaliro ndi malingaliro, monganso pazovuta zonse zomwe ziyenera kuthetsedwa pokonza malamulo adziko. "
Kutsutsa kwa malemba olembedwa
Zotsutsa zambiri za chida chatsopano chovomerezeka cha Council of Europe chomwe chidapangidwa kale chimatanthawuza kusintha kwa malingaliro ndi kufunikira kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwake komwe kunachitika ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa 2006 kwa mgwirizano wapadziko lonse wa Ufulu Wachibadwidwe: the Pangano la Ufulu wa Anthu olumala. Msonkhanowu umakondwerera kusiyana kwa anthu ndi ulemu waumunthu. Uthenga wake waukulu ndi wakuti anthu olumala ali ndi ufulu wopeza ufulu wonse wa anthu ndi ufulu wachibadwidwe popanda tsankho.
Lingaliro lalikulu kumbuyo kwa Msonkhanowu ndi kuchoka ku chithandizo kapena njira yachipatala yolemala ku njira ya ufulu waumunthu. Msonkhanowu umalimbikitsa kutenga nawo mbali kwathunthu kwa anthu olumala m'mbali zonse za moyo. Imatsutsa miyambo ndi machitidwe ozikidwa pa anthu omwe sakhulupirira, tsankho, machitidwe oyipa komanso kusalana kwa anthu olumala.
Adatero Dr. Ritva Halila The European Times kuti akuumirira kuti chida chatsopano chalamulo (protocol) sichikusemphana ndi Mgwirizano wa UN wa Ufulu wa Anthu Olemala (UN CRPD).
Dr. Halila anafotokoza kuti, “Matenda ndi vuto, loopsa kapena losatha, lozikidwa pa kusintha kwa thupi, ndipo lingathe kuchiritsidwa kapena kuchepetsedwa. Kulemala nthawi zambiri kumakhala kokhazikika kwa munthu komwe nthawi zambiri sikufunikira kuti achiritsidwe. Matenda ena amisala angayambitse kulumala m’maganizo kapena m’maganizo, koma anthu ambiri olumala sagwera m’gulu la ndondomeko imeneyi.”
Ananenanso kuti "Kukula kwa UN CRPD ndikokulirapo. Sizimachokera ku matenda achipatala koma nthawi zambiri kulephera kukhazikika komanso kufunikira kwa chithandizo kuti athe kukhala ndi moyo wabwinobwino momwe mungathere. Mawu awa amasakanikirana koma sali ofanana. Komanso CRPD imatha kuphimba anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lamisala lomwe lingayambitsenso - kapena kutengera - kulumala, koma si odwala onse amisala omwe ali olumala."
Lingaliro lakale vs latsopano la kulumala
Lingaliro la kulumala loti ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimakhala mwa munthu, komabe ndizomwe bungwe la UN CRPD likufuna kuthana nalo. Lingaliro labodza lakuti munthu woti ayesedwe kukhala wokhoza kudzipezera zofunika pa moyo wake, ayenera “kuchiritsidwa” ku chilemacho kapena kuti kupundukako kuyenera kuchepetsedwa momwe kungathekere. M'malingaliro akale omwe chilengedwe sichimaganiziridwa ndipo kulumala ndi vuto la munthu payekha. Anthu olumala amadwala ndipo amayenera kukonzedwa kuti akhale abwinobwino.
Njira ya ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu olumala yotengedwa ndi bungwe la United Nations ndikuvomereza kuti anthu olumala ali ndi ufulu wawo ndipo boma ndi anthu ena ali ndi udindo wolemekeza anthuwa. Njirayi imayika munthu pakati, osati kuwonongeka kwake, kuzindikira zikhalidwe ndi ufulu wa anthu olumala monga gawo la anthu. Imaona zotchinga zomwe zili m’gulu la anthu ngati zatsankho ndipo zimapereka njira zoti anthu olumala azidandaula akakumana ndi zotchinga zotere. Njira yozikidwa paufulu imeneyi ya olumala sikuyendetsedwa ndi chifundo, koma ndi ulemu ndi ufulu.
Kupyolera mu kusintha kwa mbiri yakale uku, UN CRPD imapanga maziko atsopano ndipo imafuna kuganiza kwatsopano. Kukhazikitsa kwake kumafuna mayankho anzeru ndikusiya malingaliro am'mbuyomu.
Dr. Ritva Halila anafotokozera The European Times kuti adawerenga nkhani 14 ya UN CRPD m'zaka zapitazi kangapo pokhudzana ndi kukonzekera Protocol. Ndipo kuti "Mu Ndime 14 ya CRPD ndikutsindika za lamulo loletsa ufulu wamunthu, ndikutsimikizira kuteteza ufulu wa anthu olumala."
Dr. Halila ananena kuti “Ndimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zomwe zili m’nkhaniyi, ndipo ndikuganiza ndi kumasulira kuti palibe kusagwirizana ndi Protocol yolembedwa ya Komiti ya Bioethics, ngakhale Komiti ya UN ya anthu olumala itatanthauzira nkhaniyi. m'njira ina. Ndakambirana zimenezi ndi anthu angapo, maloya a Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ndi anthu olumala kuphatikizapo, ndipo mmene ndikumvera, agwirizana nawo [Komiti ya UN CRPR].”
Komiti ya UN yoona za Ufulu wa Anthu olumala monga gawo la msonkhano wa anthu mu 2015 inapereka mawu osatsutsika ku Council of Europe Committee on Bioethics kuti "kuika mwadala kapena kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu onse olumala, makamaka anthu omwe ali ndi luntha kapena maganizo. olumala, kuphatikiza anthu omwe ali ndi 'zovuta zamaganizidwe', ndizoletsedwa m'malamulo apadziko lonse lapansi malinga ndi ndime 14 ya Mgwirizanowu, ndipo zimapanga kulandidwa ufulu wa anthu olumala mopanda tsankho komanso mopanda tsankho monga momwe zimachitikira chifukwa chakuwonongeka kwenikweni kapena komwe amaganiziridwa. ”
Komiti yomwe siyo inadziwikiratu komiti ya abiositics yomwe imati "mfundo zonyansa, makatoni omwe amalola kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo apaumoyo padziko lonse lapansi. kusowa kogwira mtima komanso malingaliro a anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe amisala omwe adakumana ndi zowawa zazikulu komanso zowawa chifukwa cha chithandizo chokakamizidwa. ”
Zolemba zakale za msonkhano
Komiti Yowona za Bioethics ya Council of Europe komabe idapitilizabe kukonza njira yatsopano yovomerezeka yovomerezeka potengera zomwe Komitiyo idapanga mu 2011 yakuti: "Statement on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons Disabilities". Mawuwo pamfundo yake yayikulu akuwoneka kuti akukhudzidwa ndi UN CRPD komabe zenizeni imangoganizira za Msonkhano Wachigawo womwe wa Komiti, Pangano la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ndi Biomedicine, ndi buku lake lofotokozera - European Convention on Human Rights.
Pangano la Ufulu Wachibadwidwe ndi Biomedicine, Ndime 7 ikufotokoza mikhalidwe yotetezera iyenera kukhalapo ngati munthu amene ali ndi vuto la maganizo la chikhalidwe choopsa akuchitidwa mokakamiza pazamisala. Nkhaniyi ndi zotsatira zake komanso kuyesa kuchepetsa mavuto omwe angabwere ngati Gawo 5 la Pangano la Mayiko a Mayiko a Mayiko a ku Ulaya Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu litatsatiridwa m’lingaliro lake lenileni.
Pangano la European Convention on Human Rights lomwe linapangidwa mu 1949 ndi 1950, linavomereza kuchotsedwa kwa “anthu opanda nzeru” mpaka kalekale popanda chifukwa china koma chakuti anthuwa ali ndi chilema m’maganizo. Mawuwo anapangidwa ndi nthumwi ya United Kingdom, Denmark ndi Sweden, motsogozedwa ndi a British kuti avomereze Eugenics adayambitsa malamulo ndi machitidwe omwe analipo m'mayikowa panthawi yokonza Msonkhano.
"Mofanana ndi Mgwirizano wa Ufulu wa Anthu ndi Biomedicine, tiyenera kuvomereza kuti Pangano la European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) ndi chida chomwe chinayamba mu 1950 ndipo mawu a Khoti Loona za Ufulu wa Anthu ku Ulaya akusonyeza kunyalanyaza komanso kunyalanyaza ufulu wa anthu. anthu olumala. "
Ms Catalina Devandas-Aguilar, Mtolankhani wapadera wa UN pa ufulu wa anthu olumala
"Pamene padziko lonse lapansi pali zoyesayesa zosintha mfundo za umoyo wa maganizo, n’zodabwitsa kuti bungwe la Council of Europe, lomwe ndi bungwe lalikulu loona za ufulu wachibadwidwe wa anthu m’chigawochi, likukonzekera kupanga pangano lomwe lingakhale cholepheretsa kusintha zinthu zonse zabwino ku Ulaya ndi kufalitsa zochititsa mantha kwina kulikonse padziko lapansi."
Akatswiri a United Nations, m’mawu a 28 May 2021 ku Council of Europe. Kusainidwa ndi pakati pa ena Mtolankhani Wapadera wa ufulu wokhala ndi thanzi labwino kwambiri lakuthupi ndi m'maganizo, Mtolankhani Wapadera wa Ufulu wa Anthu olumala ndi Komiti ya UN CRPD
