European Convention on Human Rights yakanyorwa nemapoka uye nyanzvi mukati mekuumba Council of Europe muna 1949-1950, zvichibva pane yakambonyorwa yakagadzirwa neEuropean Movement.
Pashure pekurukurirano huru, Council of Europe’s Assembly yakatumira chirevo chayo cheBumbiro Rekodzero Dzevanhu, rakanga ranyorwa nevamiriri veparamende vanopfuura zana muzhizha ra100, kudare rinoita zvisarudzo reKanzuru, Komiti Yemakurukota.
Zvinyorwa zveEuropean Movement, iyo Consultative Assembly yeKanzuru yeEurope yakafurirwa zvakanyanya zvakapihwa vimbiso ye "rusununguko kubva mukusungwa zvisina tsarukano, kuvharirwa uye kudzingwa, uye mamwe matanho, zvinoenderana neChikamu 9, 10 uye 11 chemutemo. Chiziviso cheUnited Nations cheUniversal Declaration on Human Rights.”
Rugwaro urwu haruna kuita kuti pave nekurukurirano muGungano uye rwakaburitswa pasina kuchinjwa muKurudziro yeGungano yaGunyana 8, 1949.
Komiti Yenyanzvi inonyora zvinyorwa zvitsva zveKokorodzano
Komiti yeMakurukota eKanzuru ye Europe vakasangana munaNovember 1949, uye mushure mekuongorora vakaramba kugamuchira gwaro reChibvumirano chakagadzirirwa neGungano. Chainyanya kunetsa ndechekuti kodzero dzekupihwa vimbiso dzaingonyorwa chete, uye kuti kutonga kwezvirambidzo pakodzero kwaive kuri muchimiro chakazara.
Komiti yeMakurukota yakabva yadaidzira kuti paumbwe komiti yenyanzvi dzemitemo kuti igadzire gwaro reChibvumirano icho chaizoshanda sehwaro hwenhaurirano mune ramangwana. Vakapa Kurudziro yeGungano kuti a Kodzero Dzevanhu Charter kuKomiti ichangobva kugadzwa yeNyanzvi pamusoro peHuman Rights. Komiti yakapiwa basa rekuona kana kodzero dzichifanira kunyatsotsanangurwa, semuenzaniso kudziisa mukuenderana nemutemo uripo uye mamiriro, kana kusiiwa sezvizhinji zvirevo zvemisimboti.
Dare reVadzidzi veKomiti rakataura kuti: "inofanirwa kutariswa kufambira mberi kwaitwa munyaya iyi nenhengo dzinokwanisa dzeUnited Nations".
The draft international Chibvumirano cheKodzero dzevanhu yakagadzirwa neUnited Nations Commission on Human Rights pakati pa1949, yaisanganisira nyaya yaitaura nezvekuchengeteka kwevanhu, yaiti:
"1. Hapana munhu achasungwa kana kuvharirwa pasina chikonzero.
2. Hapana munhu achatorerwa rusununguko rwake kunze kwezvikonzero zvakadaro uye maererano nemaitiro akaiswa nemutemo."
Komiti yeVanamazvikokota yakaenderera mberi negwara rekudzikiswa kwekodzero kuita bumbiro remutemo rinoratidzika kunge rakashanda chinangwa chekuchengetedza zvido zvehurumende pane kuchengetedza zvido zvemunhu. Nyika yaifanira kunakidzwa nekuchengetedzwa kwemutemo kune dzimwe nyika, aya ndiwo aive maonero epamusoro.
Dare reCouncil of Europe's Committee of Experts on Human Rights rakapiwa “mashoko eHurumende yeUnited Kingdom akagamuchirwa neMunyori Mukuru” musi wa4 January 1950. Mumashoko aya Hurumende yeUK pakati pevamwe yakakarakadza gadziridzo dzechinyorwa chechengeteko. munhu anozviganhurira kune vamwe vanhu. Vakaronga ikoku so, “kuchengetwa kuri pamutemo kwavanhu vane ndangariro dzisina kusimba kana kuti vana vaduku, kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yapamutemo, nokuda kwedonzo rokucherekedzwa nedzidzo.”
Hurumende yeUK yakange yatove nechekuita negwaro rine zvinyorwa zvakafanana kuUnited Nations Commission yeHuman Rights maererano nekunyorwa kwepakati-1949 yeInternational. Chibvumirano cheKodzero dzevanhu. Zvakanga zvichibva pakushushikana kuti chinyorwa chekodzero dzevanhu chakatsvaga kushandisa Universal kodzero dzevanhu dzinosanganisira kune vanhu vane dambudziko repfungwa (psychosocial disabilities), iyo inopesana nemutemo uye magariro evanhu munzvimbo muUK nedzimwe nyika.
Pamusangano waro wokutanga wakaitwa muna February 1950, Dare Renyanzvi Dzinoongorora Kodzero Dzevanhu rakafunga nezvezvakatangwa nenhengo dzaro dzakawanda. Nhengo yeSweden, Mutongi Torsten Salén akataura kuti zvinofanirwa kuitika kuti nyika itore "matanho akakodzera" kurwisa kusazvibata uye kudhakwa.
Sir Oscar Dowson (United Kingdom) vakadzokorora chikumbiro chehurumende yavo kunyanya chinyorwa cherusununguko uye kuchengetedzeka kwemunhu chakanangana nevasina kugadzikana mupfungwa (nemamwe mazwi vanhu vane hurema hwepfungwa).
Chibvumirano chekutanga cheChibvumirano chakazobvumirana neKomiti Yenyanzvi pakupera kwemusangano waro wekutanga chakadzokorora izwi neshoko zvinyorwa zveUniversal Declaration yekodzero dzehupenyu uye kuti: "Hapana munhu achasungwa zvisina tsarukano, kuvharirwa kana kudzingwa. ”
VaBritish vachitevera izvi vakapa shanduko itsva neshanduko diki yemavara, asi nezvirimo zvakafanana nezvavakange vambotaura, kumusangano unotevera weDrafting Committee. Dare racho raisanganisira Sir Oscar Dowson (vakaendesa chikumbiro ichi), VaMartin Le Quesne (mumiriri weBazi Rekunze reUnited Kingdom), VaBirger Dons-Møller (mumiriri weBazi Rinoona Nezvekune dzimwe nyika reDenmark) uye Mutongi Torsten Salén (Sweden).
Panguva ino Komiti yenhengo ina - vaviri vacho vaibva kuUK, mumwe achibva kuDenmark (uyo akanga atsigira chirevo chekutanga kuUK) uye uya wekuSweden - aisanganisira zvese zvakarongwa neUK neSweden kugadzirisa muConvention. Nechigadziriso ichi chinyorwa chekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu chakasarudzwa "vanhu vane pfungwa dzisina kugadzikana, zvidhakwa kana vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka kana vagrant" kubva muruzhinji.
Kupedzisa kweConvention
Gwaro reKunyorwa rakazoendeswa kuKomiti yeMakurukota neKomiti yeNyanzvi raive neZvinyorwa zviviri zvinoenderana neChinyorwa 5 chiripo, pamusoro perusununguko nekuchengetedzeka kwemunhu.
Chinyorwa ichi Chibvumirano chakaongororwa neMusangano weVakuru vakuru, wakasangana muna Chikumi 1950. Vaive nenyaya dzakawanda dzekukurukura, asi nezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwi hazvina kudzoreredza zvinyorwa zvechinyorwa cherusununguko nekuchengetedzwa kwevanhu. Mushumo uye Chibvumirano cheChirongwa chakagamuchirwa neMusangano weVakuru Vakuru zvakaiswa pamberi peKomiti yeMakurukota yeCouncil of Europe muna August 1950. Musi wa7 August 1950, Dare reMakurukota rakabvumirana pane zvakarongwa “Convention of Protection of Human Rights uye Dzinokosha Rusununguko.”
Musi wa3 Mbudzi 1950, Dare Renyanzvi Dzemitemo rakaongorora zvinyorwa zveKokorodzano kekupedzisira rikaunza kururamisa kunoverengeka kwefomu neshanduro. Pachiitiko ichocho, Chikamu 5 chakagadziridzwa zvishomanana, pasina kana chimwe chazvo chine chokuita nokusunungurwa chaiko kwe“vanhu vane pfungwa dzisina kusimba, vakapindwa muropa nedoro kana kuti vakapindwa muropa nezvinodhaka kana vabvakure.” Saka Kokorodzano yakagamuchira chimiro chayo chokupedzisira. European Convention of Human Rights yakasainwa zuva rakatevera racho.
European Convention inobvumidza kunyimwa rusununguko nechikonzero che“kupenga”
Chisungo chechishanu cheChibvumirano chekodzero yerusununguko nekuchengetedzwa kwemunhu kuburikidza nebasa reVamiriri veUnited Kingdom, Dhenimaki neSweden, sekurairwa nevakuru vavo muMinistries of Foreign Affairs, nokudaro yakasvika pakusanganisira mutauro chaiwo unobvumira kuvharirwa zviri pamutemo kwepfungwa yakafara kwazvo uye isina kutsanangurwa ye "vanhu vane pfungwa dzisina kugadzikana" nekuda kwekuti vane kana kuti vanotenda kuti vane hurema hwepfungwa. Nemamwe mashoko, zvakanyorwa muEuropean Convention on Human Rights kuti zvipikirwa zvepfungwa zvisina musoro uyezve kuti kunyimwa rusununguko rwezvidhakwa nevanodzungaira kunoenderana neEuropean Human Rights standard chero bedzi izvi zvichiitwa zvinoenderana nemutemo wenyika.
Iyi ndima yeChibvumirano haisati yagadziriswa kubva ipapo, uye ichiri kushanda.
