Dare reParamende reCouncil of Europe svondo rino rakanyura munhau dzerusarura nekodzero dzakadzika midzi, richikurukura nezvetsika dzakasimba iyo Kanzuru yakavambwa muna 1950. Tsvagiridzo iri kuenderera mberi iri kutsvaga midzi yekunyora muchikamu cheEuropean Convention on. Kodzero dzevanhu dzinotsanangudza, asiwo dzinoganhura kodzero yerusununguko nekuchengetedzeka kwevanhu.
Komiti yeParamende yeParamende mu a chitsungo yakabvumirwa muna 2022, yakataura kuti European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) ndiyo chete chibvumirano chekodzero dzevanhu chepasi rose chine kuganhurirwa kwekodzero yerusununguko zvichikonzerwa nekukanganiswa, pamwe nezviri muChikamu 5 (1) ( e).
Sechikamu chetsvakiridzo mune iyi Assembly's Komiti inoona nezveSocial Affairs, Health and Sustainable Development Muvhuro wakaita musangano nenyanzvi kuti vadzidze zvakawanda uye kuti vazeye nyaya iyi. Nyanzvi dzakapa data kunhengo dzeKomiti uye dzanga dzichibvunzurudzwa pamusoro peizvi.
Kunzwa neNyanzvi
Prof. Dr. Marius Turda, Mutungamiriri weCentre for Medical Humanities, Oxford Brookes University, UK akatsanangura mamiriro ezvakaitika kare umo European Convention pamusoro Kodzero Dzevanhu yakanga yakagadzirwa. Nyanzvi yenhoroondo ye eugenics, akataura kuti eugenics yakatanga kuoneka mu1880s muEngland uye kubva yakapararira nekukurumidza uye yakafara uye yakava chiitiko chepasirese mukati memakumi mashoma emakore.
Kuti anyatsonzwisisa chiitiko ichi, munhu anofanira kunzwisisa kuti chinangwa chikuru cheeugenics “chakanga chiri ‘kunatsiridza’ ‘kunaka’ kwemajini evanhu kuburikidza nokudzora kuberekana uye, pakunyanyisa kwayo, nokubvisa vaya vaifungidzirwa kuti vari kubereka. kuva 'asina kukodzera', mumuviri uye/kana mupfungwa.
"Kubva pakutanga maeugenists akapokana kuti nharaunda yaifanira kuchengetedzwa kubva kunhamba iri kuramba ichikura yeavo vakadaidza kuti 'vasina kukodzera', 'vasina kurongeka', 'vasina kugadzikana mupfungwa', 'vasina pfungwa', 'dysgenic' uye 'sub-normal' inofanirwa. kukuremara kwavo mumuviri nepfungwa. Yavo yaiva mitumbi ine micherechedzo, yakanyorwa kuti yakadaro uye yaiitwa chiseko chinodiwa,” Prof. Turda vakadaro.
Eugenics sezviri pachena akawana mukurumbira wepasirese nekufumurwa kwemisasa yevasungwa yeNazi Germany muma1940s. VaNazi mukuedza kwavo kushandisa biology vakanga vaita kuti eugenics isvike pakunyanyisa. Asi, eugenics haina kuguma nekukundwa kweNazi Germany. Prof. Turda akataura kuti "zvikumbiro zveEugenic zvakaramba zvichikwezva rutsigiro rwezvematongerwo enyika nesainzi mushure mekupera kweHondo Yenyika II."
Shoko rokuti “pfungwa dzisina kugadzikana” rakashandiswa muEuropean Convention on Human Rights
Muchokwadi, iyo pfungwa chaiyo ye'pfungwa dzisina kugadzikana' yakanyorwa zvakare muchirevo che'kukanganisa' mumakore epashure pehondo, uye yakazoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuenderera mberi nekushorwa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzemagariro.
“Kubatana pakati pekuremara kwepfungwa nekusagadzikana munzanga kwakaramba kusingapikiswe. Kutaura chokwadi, pesvedzero inokura yezvakatipoteredza uye zvemagariro zvinhu pakukura kwehunhu hwevanhu kwakagadziridza zvakare mutauro weeugenics; asi zvivako zvaro zvikuru, sezvinoratidzwa kuburikidza nehurukuro mbiri dzenguva dzose pamusoro pehutano hwemagariro evanhu pamwe chete nemitemo yepamutemo inotarisana nekudzora kubereka, yakaenderera mberi munguva yehondo, "Prof. Turda akaratidza.
Kubva kare, pfungwa ye'pfungwa dzisina kugadzikana' - mumvumo dzayo dzese - yakaita basa rakakosha mukuumba mafungiro nemaitiro eugenic, uye kwete muBritain chete.
Prof. Turda vakatara kuti, “yakashandiswa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti dziserura uye dzishore vanhu uye zvakare kusimudzira tsika dzerusarura uye kusarura vanhu vane hurema hwekudzidza. Hurukuro dzeEugenic dzekuti chii chaiumba maitiro akajairwa/asina kujairika uye hunhu hwaive pakati pekumiririra pfungwa dzevanhu 'vanokodzera' uye 'vasina kufanira', uye zvakazotungamira kune mitsva mitsva yekudzvinyirirwa munharaunda, hupfumi, uye zvematongerwo enyika uye kuparadzwa kwekodzero dzevakadzi. uye varume vanonzi ‘vasina kugadzikana’.”
Zviri muchiedza cheizvi kugamuchirwa kwakapararira kwe eugenics sechikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwemagariro ekutonga kwevanhu kuti munhu aone kuedza kwevamiriri veUnited Kingdom, Denmark neSweden mu. nzira yekuumba chibvumirano cheEuropean Convention of Human Rights yakakurudzira uye ichisanganisira mutemo wekuregererwa, unopa mvumo yehurumende yekuparadzanisa uye kuvhara "vanhu vane pfungwa dzisina kusimba, vakapindwa muropa nedoro kana zvinodhaka uye vabvakure".
Tichifunga nezve iyi eugenic mamiriro, saka zvinonetsa zvakanyanya kuramba uchishandisa kutaura uku muConvention on Human Rights.
Prof. Dr. Marius Turda, Mutungamiriri weCentre for Medical Humanities, Oxford Brookes University, UK
Prof. Turda akapedzisa mharidzo yake achiti “Nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu eugenic aya, saka zvine dambudziko guru kuramba tichishandisa kutaura uku muChibvumirano Chekodzero Dzevanhu. Uye vakawedzera vachiti, “Zvakakosha kuti titeerere mashoko atinoshandisa nekuti mutauro pachawo unoshandiswa kuchengetedza rusarura. Kwemakumi emakore ikozvino iyi eugenic descriptor yakaramba isina kunyorwa uye isina mubvunzo. Yasvika nguva yekuti titarise patsva dambudziko iri rose, uye kutarisana nekuomerera kune eugenics mushure meHondo Yenyika II. "
