The Isivumelwano SaseYurophu Samalungelo Abantu, ibala amalungelo ayisisekelo kanye nenkululeko engeke yephulwe imiZwe, egunyaze Isivumelwano. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amalungelo anjengalawa: ilungelo lokuphila noma ukuvinjelwa kokuhlushwa, ilungelo lenkululeko nokulondeka, nelungelo lokuhlonipha ukuphila kwangasese nokomndeni.
I-Convention inikeza isisekelo esivamile somthetho esivumela ukuqonda okufanayo kwamalungelo abantu kuwo wonke umuntu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu ukuliphi izwe eYurophu, futhi ngisho noma lezi zifundazwe zingabelani ngamasiko afanayo ezepolitiki, ezomthetho noma ezenhlalo.
Yabhalwa eminyakeni yangemva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili
Ingqungquthela yaqanjwa futhi yabhalwa eminyakeni eyalandela iMpi Yezwe Yesibili ukuvikela abantu ekuhlukunyezweni kwezifunda zabo, ukudala ukuzethemba phakathi kwabantu nohulumeni kanye nokuvumela inkhulumomphendvulwano phakathi kwezifundazwe.
I-Europe kanye nomhlaba jikelele kuthuthuke kakhulu kusukela ngo-1950, kokubili kwezobuchwepheshe nangokwemibono yomuntu kanye nokwakhiwa komphakathi. Ngezinguquko ezinjalo eminyakeni engamashumi ayisikhombisa edlule izikhala ezingokoqobo ezidlule kanye nokuntula ukubona kusengaphambili ekwakhiweni kwezihloko ezithile kuNgqungquthela kubangela izinselele endleleni yokubona nokuvikela amalungelo abantu emhlabeni wanamuhla.
Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinselele, i-European Convention kuye kwadingeka ithuthuke. Ibuye ibuyekezwe kaningi, futhi kwenezelwa imithetho emisha yokwandisa ububanzi bamalungelo abantu, kubhekwa izinguquko emphakathini, okuhlanganisa nezindaba eziphathelene nobuchwepheshe obusha, i-bioethics noma imvelo, kodwa nezinye izindaba esizibheka njengejwayelekile namuhla. njengokuvikelwa kwempahla, ilungelo lokhetho olukhululekile noma inkululeko yokuhamba.
Abathuthukisi abakha umbhalo weNgqungquthela YaseYurophu bafundiswa futhi basebenza ngesikhathi lapho Amalungelo Abantu ayengekho esikhungweni sokwenziwa komthetho kanye nemodeli yezenhlalo. Yingakho kwakudingekile ukuyisungula kwasekuqaleni. Kwadingeka kuvunyelwane ngezombangazwe ezweni elalisanda kudlula ezimpini zomhlaba ezimbili, futhi libhekane nezinselele ezinzima kakhulu futhi kwezinye izimo lawa mazwe kungenzeka ukuthi ayengakakulungeli ngokugcwele amalungelo oBuntu Omhlaba Wonke.
Amaqiniso amasha anokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kanye nesimo sengqondo senhlalo
Selokhu kwavulwa iSivumelwano ukuthi sisayinwe ngo-1950 kube noshintsho olukhulu esimweni sengqondo ezindabeni ezifana nesijeziso sokufa kanye nokubandlululwa ngezizathu zobulili nokukhubazeka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-European Convention kumele futhi isetshenziswe maqondana nezinto ezazingekho ngo-1950, njengamakhamera okuphepha asetshenziswa kabanzi (aziwa ngokuthi i-CCTV) ezindaweni zomphakathi nasezitolo, i-in vitro fertilization (IVF), i-inthanethi, izinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene. intuthuko yezokwelapha, nezinye izinto eziningi.
INkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu, uhlaka olusemthethweni loMkhandlu ka Europe ehumusha i-European Convention futhi inqume amacala ahlobene nokusetshenziswa kwayo noma ukuntuleka kwayo empilweni yangempela lapho ilethwa phambi kwayo, iye yabusa ezindabeni eziningi zomphakathi ezinjengokukhipha isisu, ukusiza ukuzibulala, ukusesha umzimba, ukugqilazwa ekhaya, ukugqokwa kwezimpawu zenkolo. ezikoleni, ukuvikelwa kwemithombo yezintatheli kanye nokugcinwa kwedatha ye-DNA.
Kwezinye izimo, kuye kwaphakanyiswa ukugxekwa ngokumelene neSivumelwano SaseYurophu, futhi ikakhulukazi incazelo yaso, ukuthi iye yanda “ngaphezu kwalokho ababekucabanga abasunguli beSivumelwano lapho besisayinela.” Izimangalo ezinjalo ngokuvamile ziye zaphakanyiswa izingxenyana ezithile ze-Conservative, kodwa ekuhlaziyeni lezi zitholakala empeleni zibekwe endaweni engafanele futhi kukhombisa ukuqonda okuncane kokuthi imithetho yenziwa futhi ihunyushwe kanjani.
Ukuphikisana “nezishoshovu zokwahlulela” zeNkantolo YaseYurophu Yamalungelo Abantu, okungenzeka ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu kusekelwe esinqumweni sangempela esingabazekayo seNkantolo, ngokuvamile kulandeleka ezindabeni lapho ummangali engavumelani nesinqumo esikhundleni seqiniso. iNkantolo ichaza isici esithile seNgqungquthela YaseYurophu ngokuvumelana nezimo zanamuhla, kuhlanganise neminye imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe yamalungelo abantu.
Ukwelapha i-European Convention "njengensimbi ephilayo" kubalulekile uma umthetho uzozivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko, futhi amalungelo abantu abalulekile ahlale engokoqobo. I-European Convention kufanele ibe 'ithuluzi eliphilayo' njengoba umhlaba ushintsha, ngaphandle kokushintsha umoya walokho Amalungelo Abantu ayiko.
