The 18th I-European Congress of Psychology yahlangana e-Brighton phakathi komhla zi-3 nezi-6 Julayi 2023. Ingqikithi iyonke ibithi 'Ukuhlanganisa imiphakathi ukuze senze umhlaba osimeme'. I-British Psychological Society (BPS), ngokusebenzisa i-Challenging Histories Group yayo, isingathe uchungechunge oluhlola amafa e-eugenics kupsychology, esikhathini esidlule nesamanje.
I-Symposium e-European Congress of Psychology
Lolu chungechunge beluhlanganisa nenkulumo kaSolwazi Marius Turda, wase-Oxford Brookes University, mayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-eugenics, psychology, kanye nokwehlisa ubuntu. Lokhu kwalandelwa amanye amaphepha amabili, elinye ngelikaNazlin Bhimani (I-UCL Institute of Education) elaligxile efeni le-eugenic emfundweni yaseBrithani, kanti elinye, elikaLisa Edwards, umndeni wakhe owawukade unolwazi lwezikhungo zokunakekelwa kwengqondo eBrithani. njenge-Rainhill Asylum.
"Kungokokuqala ngqa ukuthi kube nochungechunge lwe-eugenics engqungqutheleni yamazwe ngamazwe wezengqondo kanye ne-BPS Challenging Histories Group ibe nesandla ekwenzeni lokho kwenzeke," kusho uProf Marius Turda. The European Times.
Umbukiso wamafa we-Eugenics
Lolu chungechunge ludonse ugqozi embukisweni "Asisodwa" Amafa we-Eugenics. Lo mbukiso ubuphethwe nguProf Marius Turda.
The embukisweni yaveza ukuthi “i-eugenics ihlose 'ukuthuthukisa' 'ikhwalithi' yezakhi zofuzo yabantu ngokulawula ukuzala futhi, ngokweqisa kwayo, ngokuqeda labo ababhekwa izazi ze-eugenics 'njengabaphansi'.”
I-Eugenics yaqala ukukhula eBrithani nase-United States ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye, kodwa yaba inhlangano enethonya emhlabeni wonke ngeminyaka yawo-1920. Ama-Eugenist aqondise abantu benkolo, ubuzwe, kanye nobulili, nalabo abakhubazekile, okuholela ekuvalelweni kwabo ezikhungweni nokuvalwa inzalo. EJalimane lobuNazi, imibono ye-eugenic yokuthuthukiswa kohlanga yaba nomthelela ekubulaweni kwabantu abaningi kanye nokuQothulwa Kwesizwe.
USolwazi Marius Turda wachaza ukuthi “i-polymath ye-Victorian, uFrancis Galton, ube ngumuntu wokuqala owakhuthaza imiqondo ye-eugenics ngaphakathi kwesayikholoji kanye nokuba ngumdlali omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni komkhakha njengomkhakha wesayensi. Ithonya lakhe kochwepheshe bengqondo baseMelika nabaseBrithani abanjengoJames McKeen Cattell, Lewis Terman, Granville Stanley Hall, William McDougall, Charles Spearman kanye noCyril Burt lalibalulekile.
“Inhloso yami kwakuwukubeka ifa likaGalton esimweni salo somlando, kanye nokunikeza ingxoxo yokuthi Psychology kanye nezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zibe negalelo kanjani ekucekeleni phansi ubuntu kwabantu abakhubazekile ngokwengqondo. Isu lami bekuwukukhuthaza ongoti bezengqondo ukuthi bamukele ukucwaswa kanye nokuhlukunyezwa okugqugquzelwa yi-eugenics, hhayi ngoba izinkumbulo zalokhu kuhlukunyezwa ziyaphila kakhulu namuhla,” kusho uProf Marius Turda. The European Times.
Eugenics kanye Psychology
Ukugxila emafa e-eugenics e-European Congress of Psychology kwafika ngesikhathi futhi kwamukelwa. Akubalulekile nakancane uma ucabangela ukuthi iziyalo zesayensi ezifana nesayikholoji bekuyisizathu esibalulekile lapho izimpikiswano ezinjalo zasakazwa futhi zamukelwa khona. Nokho, kwase kuyiminyaka kungabhekwana nayo noma kungacatshangwa. Umlando oyinkinga we ama-eugenics kanye nokuba khona kwayo okusaqhubeka olimini lwamanje futhi kwezinye izimo, izinqubo zibonakala ezingxoxweni eziphathelene nemfuzo, ukukhetha komphakathi, kanye nobuhlakani.
Ubuchwepheshe besayensi obunikezwa izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo babusetshenziselwa ukucwasa, ukubandlulula futhi ekugcineni kuthuntubeze labo ukuphila kwabo ababekulawula futhi bebagadile. Laba bantu ababebukwa njengabamele isintu esihlukile, futhi esingenamandla, kwakufanele bafakwe 'ezikoleni ezikhethekile' 'namakoloni' futhi bafakwe ezinhlelweni ezithile zemfundo.
Ngokufanelekile manje kufanele sakhe inkundla yokubonisana okuqhubekayo kwesikhungo kanye nezingxoxo ezivuthiwe phakathi kochwepheshe bezengqondo, okunemiphumela efinyelela kude ekuziphatheni ngokwako, uprofesa uMarius Turda wabonisa.
Njengoba umphakathi wezesayensi ububona ukuvela kabusha kokubalulekile kwe-eugenic rhetoric ngo-2020, kulandela ukubulawa kukaGeorge Floyd kanye nokuqala kobhubhane lwe-Covid-19, kuyacaca ukuthi kumele sithuthukise izindlela ezintsha zokucabanga nokwenza i-psychology, uma sifuna ukuhlangabezana nezinselele okwabelwana ngazo esibhekana nazo, ngabanye nangokuhlanganyela kanye nakuzwelonke nasemhlabeni jikelele.
Umphathi Wezinqolobane we-British Psychological Society (BPS), uSophie O'Reilly utshele ukuthi “Sijabule kakhulu ukwethula le ngqungquthela e-European Congress of Psychology ngesihloko esisenemiphumela ehlukahlukene namuhla. Kanye nokunikeza umlando wobudlelwano phakathi kokusebenza kwengqondo nama-eugenics, indaba yokuhlangenwe nakho komndeni okuphile iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu yokufakwa ezikhungweni nokucwaswa kuzobaluleka ekugqamiseni le miphumela.”
“Isayensi yengqondo inomlando omubi, okungenzeka awuzange uphonselwe inselelo ngaphambili,” kuphawula uDkt Roz Collings, uSihlalo we-British Psychological Society's Ethics Committee.
UDkt Roz Collings waveza ukuthi, “Lo mhlangano oshukumisa ingqondo nokhuthazayo wavumela abantu ukuba babone ngamehlo abo futhi baqale ukubuza imibuzo. Lo mhlangano wawuhanjelwe kahle ngezingxoxo ezinempilo nemibuzo eqokomisa ingqondo ethanda ukwazi nenelukuluku yezazi zokusebenza kwengqondo emhlabeni wonke.”
Ubuye wengeza ngokuthi “Kubalulekile ukuzindla, kunokukhohlwa, nokuqhubeka nokuya phambili kwezokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze uphonsele inselelo noma yiliphi ikusasa elinzima elingase liqhubeke. Lo mhlangano unikeze abaningi ithuba lokwenza lokho kanye.”
Omunye owayekhona, uprofesa uJohn Oates, uSihlalo we-British Psychological Society's Media Ethics Advisory Group, kanye nelungu le-BPS Ethics Committee, wachaza: 'Njengengxenye yomsebenzi wethu wokuphenya izici ezikhathazayo zomsebenzi wochwepheshe bezengqondo bangaphambili, iBritish Psychological Society Challenging. I-History Group ijabule ngokuthi ikwazile ukusebenzisana eduze noProf Turda ukuhlela lolu chungechunge.”
USolwazi uJohn Oates wengeze wathi, “Bekungajabulisi nje kuphela ukuba nabalaleli abancane, kodwa futhi nokuba nezithameli ezizibandakanya nezethulo zethu kanye nezingcingo zethu ezithatha isinyathelo. Sithemba ukuthi sesiqale inkulumo eshubile ezosabalala futhi isize ekulweni nefa elihlala njalo le-eugenic ideology elisathelela izinkulumo zomphakathi nezizimele.”
Vikela amalungelo abantu
UTony Wainwright, isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo esisemtholampilo futhi oyilungu le-BPS Climate Environment Action Coordinating Group, ubonise ngale ndlela: “Kube yintokozo enkulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kwashaqisa ukubamba iqhaza ochungechungeni oluthi, 'Ifa le I-Eugenics edlule kanye ne-Present'.”
“Ukushaqeka kwaba ukukhunjuzwa ngokubandakanyeka kwesikhathi esidlule kwengqondo kwengqondo ekusungulweni kwemibono eyingozi ewumsuka wokucwasa nokucwasa. Ulimi lwethu lugcina inanela yezigaba zengqondo - manje ezisetshenziswa njengenhlamba - "i-moron", "isilima", kucacisa uTony Wainwright.
Ubuye wengeza wathi, “Okuhlangenwe nakho okuphilayo komndeni wakhe okulethwe esinye sezikhulumi, uLisa Edwards esimisweni kukhombisa ukuthi lokhu bekungeyona indaba yezemfundo kodwa kube nemiphumela ebuhlungu.”
UTony Wainwright ekugcineni waphawula, “Injabulo iqhamuke ngokuthemba ukuthi ukukhumbula okwedlule kuzobandakanya abantu ezenzweni zesimanje njengoba leli fa liqhubeka. Sisesikhathini lapho amalungelo abantu esongelwa ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba, futhi ngethemba ukuthi umhlangano onjengalona uzoqinisa imizamo yethu yokuvikela amalungelo abantu nomaphi lapho singakwazi khona.”
Ngesikhathi sengqungquthela i-BPS iphinde yaveza izingxenye zombukiso othi 'Asisodwa: Amafa e-Eugenics', ophethwe nguSolwazi Marius Turda. Amaphaneli ombukiso angabukwa lapha:
https://www.bps.org.uk/history-psychology-centre/exhibition-we-are-not-alone-legacies-eugenics
Umbukiso ogcwele ungabukwa lapha:
Okubalulekile ukuthi lo mbukiso uphinde wavela odabeni lwasehlobo lweThe Psychologist, obelulungiselelwe ukhongolose.
